papaverine / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Erectile Dysfunction: Treatments, Advances and New Therapeutic Strategies. (Pubmed Central) -  May 27, 2023   
    Locally and/or centrally acting drugs are used to treat ED, e.g., phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (first in the list) given orally, and phentolamine, prostaglandin E1 and papaverine injected intracavernously...Although fascinating, these therapies are laborious, expensive and not easily reproducible. This leaves old vacuum erection devices and penile prostheses as the only way to get an artificial erection and sexual intercourse with intractable ED, with penile prosthesis used only by accurately selected patients.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Papaverine loaded injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel system for improving survival of rat dorsal skin flaps. (Pubmed Central) -  May 24, 2023   
    Consequently, it also increased mean vessel density, upregulated expression of CD34 and VEGF, decreased macrophage infiltration, and reduced CD68 and CCR7 expression based on IHC staining. Overall, these results indicate that CNHP0.4 hydrogel can enhance angiogenesis with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and promote skin flap survival by preventing vascular spasm.
  • ||||||||||  propafenone / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Prediction of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation at the Dissolving Drug Salt Particle Surface. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2023   
    The pH-S profile of PAP did not follow the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, probably because of the formation of cationic aggregates. In conclusion, UWL-LLPS was approximately predictable for drug salts using their intrinsic physicochemical properties (K, pK, D, and S), except for PAP-HCl.
  • ||||||||||  bleomycin / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg., amiodarone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Phosphodiesterase type 10A inhibitor attenuates lung fibrosis by targeting myofibroblast activation. (Pubmed Central) -  May 4, 2023   
    In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of PDE10A induces myofibroblast differentiation, and papaverine, as a PDE10A inhibitor used for vasodilation, inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human fibroblasts, Meanwhile, papaverine alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and amiodarone-induced oxidative stress, papaverine downregulated VASP/?-catenin pathway to reduce the myofibroblast differentiation. Our results first demonstrated that papaverine inhibits TGF?1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis by VASP/?-catenin pathway.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Papaverinol-N-Oxide: A Microbial Biotransformation Product of Papaverine with Potential Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activity Unveiled with In Silico Screening. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 2, 2023   
    Furthermore, papaverinol-N-oxide (7) also displayed inhibition of ?-glucosidase and lipase enzymes comparable to that of their ligands (acarbose and orlistat, respectively), as unveiled with an in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for enhanced inhibition of PTP1B, ?-glucosidase and PL via some papaverine fungal transformation products and, therefore, potentially better antidiabetic and antiobesity effects than those of papaverine and other known therapeutic agents.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Papaver somniferum in seventeenth century (Italy): archaeotoxicological study on brain and bone samples in patients from a hospital in Milan. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 1, 2023   
    As a result, archeotoxicological analyses revealed the presence of codeine, morphine, noscapine and papaverine, derived from Papaver somniferum, a plant present in the hospital pharmacopeia used as a narcotic, analgesic, astringent, coagulant, and antitussive agent. Such analyses have shed light on the pharmacological therapies administered to the patients near the time of death and have implemented our knowledge of medical treatment and drug administration in the 1600's.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Papaver Plants: Current Insights on Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition Along with Biotechnological Applications. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 24, 2023   
    Among other pharmacological properties, numerous preclinical studies have been published about the analgesic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Papaver plants. Although it highlights the significant impact of this genus for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions, as a future prospect, characterization works accompanying preclinical studies are required along with clinical and toxicology studies to establish a correlation between the scientific and traditional knowledge.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Characterization of a novel rabbit model of Peyronie's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 13, 2023   
    Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated significant increases in elastase 2B expression in TGF-?1-induced plaques as well as significant declines in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression relative to control levels. Our results demonstrate that PD-like fibrotic plaques can be created in the rabbit penile tunica albuginea following TGF-?1 injection.
  • ||||||||||  progesterone / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Analysis of the effect of phloroglucinol on pregnancy outcomes involving frozen embryo transfers in patients with endometriosis: A retrospective case-control study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 24, 2023   
    Phloroglucinol is a non-atropine and non-papaverine smooth muscle spasmolytic agent, which can reduce the abnormal contraction of uterine smooth muscle...The patients for whom phloroglucinol was included over 217 cycles were administered intramuscully 40 mg phloroglucinol starting on the day of progesterone administration, then once daily up to day 7 after the embryo transfer...However, pregnancy outcomes showed no difference in the age group ≥35 years old (P > 0.05). Continuous low-dose phloroglucinol pretreatment before and after frozen embryo transfer can improve both the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates and reduce the risk of abortion in younger infertile patients with endometriosis.
  • ||||||||||  verapamil / Generic mfg., loperamide / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    PK/PD data, Preclinical, Journal:  The Detailed Pharmacodynamics of the Gut Relaxant Effect and GC-MS Analysis of the Grewia tenax Fruit Extract: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approach. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 24, 2022   
    In isolated rat ileum, G. tenax completely inhibited the carbamylcholine (CCh; 1 µM) and KCl (high K; 80 mM)-evoked spasms in a concentrations-mediated manner (0.03 to 3 mg/mL) by expressing equal potencies (p > 0.05) against both types of evoked spasms, similar to papaverine, having dual inhibitory actions at phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) and Ca channels (CCB)...Whereas, pre-incubating the tissue with 0.3 and 1 mg/mL of G. tenax established the CCB-like effect by non-specific inhibition of CaCl-mediated concentration-response curves towards the right with suppression of the maximum peaks, similar to verapamil, a standard CCB. Thus, the present investigation revealed the phytochemical constituents and explored the detailed pharmacodynamic basis for the curative use of G. tenax in diarrhea and hyperactive gut motility disorders.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical guideline:  ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiologic Management of Mesenteric Ischemia: 2022 Update. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 28, 2022   
    For nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, transarterial infusion of vasodilators, such as papaverine or prostaglandin E1, is the recommended initial treatment...The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Alkaloid binding to opium poppy major latex proteins triggers structural modification and functional aggregation. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2022   
    Using a combination of sucrose density-gradient fractionation-coupled proteomics, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography, we show that the major latex proteins are a family of alkaloid-binding proteins that display altered conformation in the presence of certain ligands. Addition of MLP/PR10 proteins to yeast strains engineered with morphine biosynthetic genes from the plant significantly enhanced the conversion of salutaridine to morphinan alkaloids.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Ketone-derived 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones in N-heteroarene C-H alkylation via C-C bond scission under oxidative metal catalysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2022   
    The combination of a metal catalyst and perdisulfate oxidant promotes the rarely explored thermal activation of pre-aromatic 2,3-dihydroquinazolinone to generate an alkyl radical, supported by mechanistic studies. In addition to the broad scope, good functionality tolerance, late stage functionalization of APIs, and synthesis of a novel Papaverine analogue, the utilization of an N-heteroarene C-H bond and ketone as a non-trivial alkyl radical source represents the salient feature of this method.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The Biological Relevance of Papaverine in Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2022   
    More insight into the effects of the compound on cellular and molecular mechanisms is needed. Understanding the effects PPV may exert on tumorigenic cells may better researchers' understanding of phytomedicines and the effects of PPV and PPV-derived compounds in cancer.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal, Video:  Intraoperative Identification of Perforator Spasm and Decreased Pulsation Using Video-capillaroscopy during Free Flap Harvest. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 10, 2022   
    The type of perforator spasm after flap elevation was divided into six types according to the video-capillaroscopy findings: type A, no spasm/decreased pulsation (S/DP); type B, S/DP with recovery within 5 minutes; type C, S/DP requiring papaverine hydrochloride spraying and hot water treatment (PHS+HWT) resulting in recovery within 5 minutes; type D, S/DP requiring PHS+HWT resulting in recovery within 10 minutes; type E, S/DP requiring PHS+HWT resulting in recovery within 15 minutes; and type F, S/DP with no recovery of pulsation even after PHS+HWT...With video-capillaroscopy it is possible to confirm if blood flow deterioration occurs even in areas that are difficult to determine macroscopically. Video-capillaroscopy, a noninvasive imaging modality, is a useful alternative for the intraoperative evaluation of perforator flow and spasm.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Natural Radiosensitizers in Radiotherapy: Cancer Treatment by Combining Ionizing Radiation with Resveratrol. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 1, 2022   
    In clinical practice, synthetic radiosensitizers are commonly applied, but scientists have recently focused on using natural products (phytocompounds) as adjuvants in radiotherapy. In this review article, we only discuss naturally occurring radiosensitizers currently in clinical trials (paclitaxel, curcumin, genistein, and papaverine) and those whose radiation sensitizing effects, such as resveratrol, have been repeatedly confirmed by many independent studies.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Establishment to measure oxycodone in plasma with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 30, 2022   
    Human pooled plasma samples containing OXY diluted with 0.1% formic acid solution and internal standard (papaverine) were used for solid-phase extraction...Relative standard deviations of all validation results were within ±15%. These results suggest that our established method using LC-MS/MS to measure OXY in plasma would be useful to adjust the dosage of OXY in order to obtain its efficacy and to avoid its adverse reactions.
  • ||||||||||  sildenafil / Generic mfg., tadalafil / Generic mfg.
    Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Melanoma Adverse Events in Men Treated with Sildenafil for Erectile Dysfunction (NH/VT Room) -  Sep 15, 2022 - Abstract #NEAUA2022NEAUA_104;    
    Herein, we found that phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors prescribed for erectile dysfunction are associated with cutaneous and ocular melanoma. While there may be confounding by age, region, dose, and stimulated reporting, our results support the need to keep sildenafil on the Food and Drug Administration's list of drugs with potential signals of serious risks.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Impact of overestimation of fractional flow reserve by adenosine on anatomical-functional mismatch. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 10, 2022   
    Distal-to-aortic pressure ratio (Pd/Pa) was measured using adenosine (Pd/Pa) and papaverine (Pd/Pa) in 326 patients (326 vessels)...The overestimation of FFR is an independent determinant of anatomical-functional mismatch. Anatomical-functional mismatch, specifically in the LAD, may suggest a false-negative result.
  • ||||||||||  Rotundine (levo-tetrahydropalmatine) / Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Institute on Drug Abuse, University of Maryland
    Journal:  Using fungible biosensors to evolve improved alkaloid biosyntheses. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 25, 2022   
    These sensors further enabled the evolution of a streamlined pathway for tetrahydropapaverine, a precursor to four modern pharmaceuticals, collapsing multiple methylation steps into a single evolved enzyme. Our methods for evolving biosensors enable the rapid engineering of pathways for therapeutic alkaloids.
  • ||||||||||  papaverine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Biosynthesis of tetrahydropapaverine and semisynthesis of papaverine in yeast. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 9, 2022   
    Finally, we demonstrate a strategy for papaverine semisynthesis using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. Through optimizing pH, temperature, reaction time, and oxidizing agent concentration, we demonstrated the ability to produce semisynthesized papaverine through oxidation of biosynthesized THP.