- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The production costs of Haemonchus contortus and other nematode parasites in pre-weaned beef calves in New Zealand. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2022
There was no significant difference in liveweight gain between any of the treatment groups, hence there was no evidence for an impact of Haemonchus alone, or a mixed nematode infection, on pre-weaned calf growth rates on these farms. It remains unclear whether there may be a justification to consider treatment of calves should they constitute a significant source of pasture larval infestation with H. contortus, in an integrated cattle-sheep system.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Pharmacological characterization of novel heteromeric GluCl subtypes from C. elegans and parasitic nematodes. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2022
It remains unclear whether there may be a justification to consider treatment of calves should they constitute a significant source of pasture larval infestation with H. contortus, in an integrated cattle-sheep system. This study brings new insights into the diversity of GluCl subtypes in nematodes and promote novel drug targets for the development of next generation anthelmintic compounds.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., doxycycline / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis: risks for prevention of heartworm disease. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Macrocyclic lactones used are ivermectin, selamectin, abamectin, eprinomectin, milbemycin oxime and moxidectin, administered at 30-day intervals during the transmission season...Doxycycline, daily for 28 days, as anti-Wolbachia treatment, can reduce transmission and remove adult parasites...While any preventive strategy must be highly effective, registration requirements for 100% efficacy may hinder development of useful new classes of preventives. Continued reliance on ML preventives, when they do not work against resistant genotypes, will spread resistance, and allow for more disease.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Journal: Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Tmax, volume of distribution (V/F) and oral clearance (CL/F) are similar to those in healthy volunteers from Europe. From a pharmacokinetic perspective, moxidectin is an attractive long-acting therapeutic option for the treatment of human onchocerciasis.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: First report of in vitro resistance of Psoroptes ovis to ivermectin in Argentina. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 15, 2022
In this work, we used an in vitro technique to establish the efficacy of IVM and two other macrocyclic lactones, doramectin (DRM) and moxidectin (MXD), against P. ovis in sheep...Since, in in vivo trials, we had also previously observed a decrease in DRM effectiveness, cross-resistance may exist between DRM and IVM. We propose the use of in vitro tests to evaluate the efficacy of acaricides, considering their practicality, low cost and proven usefulness in detecting resistance in cases of low effectiveness against sheep scab.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Moxidectin: heartworm disease prevention in dogs in the face of emerging macrocyclic lactone resistance. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 15, 2022
Both products have demonstrated 100% preventive efficacy in laboratory studies against recently collected field strains of heartworm, and also in large field studies, where the majority of dogs were living in the southern USA in areas where ML resistance has been confirmed to occur, therefore under elevated heartworm challenge. Based on the data summarized here, these products offer important advances in heartworm prevention and provide additional options for veterinarians and pet owners to protect their dogs from developing heartworm disease.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Fluralaner 5.46% (w/w) flavored chewable tablet (Bravecto 1-Month) is effective for treatment of canine generalized demodicosis. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 15, 2022
Simparica Trio prevented microfilaremia in all dogs and was highly effective (97.2%) and significantly better than either Heartgard Plus (8.5%) or Interceptor Plus (35.9%) in preventing the development of the ZoeLA ML-resistant heartworm strain when administered for six consecutive months in this comparative laboratory efficacy study. Three consecutive monthly orally administered treatments with fluralaner (5.46% w/w) flavored chewable tablets (minimum dose rate 10 mg/kg body weight) eliminated Demodex canis mites from dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Transcriptome-guided identification of a four-component system, SbrH1-R, that modulates milbemycin biosynthesis by influencing gene cluster expression, precursor supply, and antibiotic efflux. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 11, 2022
Further genetic experiments identified several new targets, including five precursor supply-associated reactions/pathways (e.g., the reaction from pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, the reaction from acetyl-CoA to citrate, the fatty acid β-oxidation process, and the branched chain amino acid and phenylalanine acid degradation pathways) and a milbemycin exporter system (MilEX2) that can be engineered for milbemycin overproduction. These results shed new light on the understanding of regulation of milbemycin biosynthesis and provide useful targets for future metabolic engineering of the native host to improve milbemycin production.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Journal: Total Failure of Fenbendazole to Control Strongylid Infections in Czech Horse Operations. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 11, 2022
Ivermectin and moxidectin demonstrated excellent efficacy (FECR 99.8-100%; 99.4-100 LLCI) in 45 and 23 operations, respectively, pyrantel embonate demonstrated sufficient efficacy in 15 operations and resistance was suspected in seven operations (FECR 88.1-99.1%; 72.5-98.5 LLCI)...Our data indicate an increase in the development of anthelmintic resistance, resulting in total failure of fenbendazole and a reduced efficacy of pyrantel embonate. Introducing advanced approaches of parasite control in the Czech Republic to slow the spread of anthelmintic resistance is thus needed.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Gastrointestinal nematode control practices in ewes: Identification of factors associated with application of control methods known to influence anthelmintic resistance development. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 1, 2022
The presence of sheep scab on a farm or in the area was significantly associated with increased annual GIN treatments for ewes (P = 0.002), not using TST strategies to control GIN in ewes (P < 0.001) and moving ewes to clean pasture after anthelmintic treatment, whilst using macrocyclic lactones treatments to prevent sheep scab was significantly associated with the treatment of periparturient ewes with long-acting moxidectin (P = 0.001). This research suggests that by encouraging the application of evidence based targeted or targeted selective treatment strategies, further interaction between farmers and veterinarians/SCOPS guidance, and the uptake of best practices for controlling liver fluke and sheep scab on farms, sustainable GIN control strategies can become the common practice in ewes.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Drug dose and animal welfare: important considerations in the treatment of wildlife. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 23, 2022
In a valuable contribution to the subject, Old and colleagues document a wide range of topical (pour-on) application doses and frequencies of moxidectin (Cydectin®) administered in situ to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) by members of the wildlife carer/treater community in southeast Australia to treat sarcoptic mange disease...Parasit Vectors 13:471, 2020) comment that any pharmacological treatment of free-ranging wildlife must consider these factors when assessing their feasibility and implications, especially in the context of emerging drug resistance and potential long-term ecological impacts. As individuals with significant interest in sarcoptic mange and representing a range of professional research and veterinary expertise, we see value in providing expert commentary on this issue.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Journal: Development and Validation of a Reliable UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Macrocyclic Lactones in Bovine Plasma. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
A fast, accurate and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ivermectin (IVER), doramectin (DORA), and moxidectin (MOXI) in bovine plasma...No carry-over and no peak were detected in the UHPLC-MS/MS chromatogram of blank samples showing good specificity of the method. The applicability of the developed method was proved by an analysis of the field PK samples.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Gastrointestinal nematodes and mineral deficiencies in yearling cattle in Santiago del Estero, northern Argentina. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 16, 2022
Animals were divided into three groups: untreated control (CONG; n = 20); group treated with moxidectin (MXD, 200 µg/kg) every 30-40 days (MXDG; n = 20); group equally MXD treated and mineral supplementation administered in November and January (MMG; n = 20)...Live weight gain (LWG) was higher in MMG than in MXDG, with significant differences (p < 0.05) by mid-January and then, when epg increased, dewormed groups showed higher LWG (p < 0.034) than CONG. A negative effect of GINs on LWG was observed, as well as low to marginal levels of Se, Cu, and Mg.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Enrollment change: Moxidectin for LF, Cote d'Ivoire (DOLF) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 11, 2022
P3, N=164, Active, not recruiting,
A negative effect of GINs on LWG was observed, as well as low to marginal levels of Se, Cu, and Mg. Enrolling by invitation --> Active, not recruiting | N=250 --> 164
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Trial primary completion date: Dose-finding Study of Moxidectin for Treatment of Scabies (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 3, 2022
P2, N=22, Active, not recruiting,
Trial completion date: Aug 2022 --> Dec 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2022 --> Aug 2022 Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Mar 2022
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg.
Trial completion, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Efficacy and Safety of MOX/ALB vs. IVM/ALB Co-administration (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 1, 2022
P2/3, N=536, Completed,
Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Mar 2022 Not yet recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Apr 2022 --> Sep 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2022 --> Aug 2021
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Scabies: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2022
Equivalent exposures after fixed-dose and weight-dependent dosing strategies support the use of a simple fixed-dose approach, particularly in large-scale treatment programs. Treatment of scabies according to the guidelines and the additional recommendations reported here should result in effective curing, even in cases that are thought to be intractable.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Altogether, these findings suggest that, even by using a high-dose regimen of ivermectin or switching to another drug in the same class are unlikely to be useful for treatment against SARS-CoV-2 in humans. This study provides the first evidence of MOX- and multidrug-resistant (ABM and combinations of anthelmintics) cyathostomins in Australia and indicates the need for continuous surveillance of the efficacy of currently effective anthelmintics and large-scale investigations to assess the ERP for various anthelmintics.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Journal: Macrofilaricidal Activity, Acute and Biochemical Effects of Three Lichen Species Found on Mount Cameroon. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Ivermectin and recently moxidectin are the only drugs approved for clinical management of the disease, both of which have several limitations...These two most active extracts had no significant effect on liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate (P values < 0.05), but a high AST : ALT ratio (2.59) for Pam indicates likely reversible adverse hepatic toxicity. The high macrofilaricidal activity and selectivity of P. tinctorum suggest it is a potential source of new macrofilaricides which should be further investigated to identify its bioactive constituents.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Multiple drug resistance in hookworms infecting greyhound dogs in the USA. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 7, 2022
For samples collected TAC) resistance polymorphism in 99% of these samples. These clinical, in vitro, and genetic data provide strong evidence that greyhound dogs in the USA are infected with MDR A. caninum at very high levels in prevalence and infection intensity.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg.
Trial completion: Efficacy and Safety of MOX/ALB Co-administration (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 22, 2021
P3, N=255, Completed,
We strongly recommend the inclusion of thelaziosis in the differential diagnosis of pets and humans presenting with ocular manifestations, along with adequate preventive measures. Active, not recruiting --> Completed
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Investigation of fecal egg counts versus worm burden and helminth fauna in cattle treated or not with macrocyclic lactones in a tropical region. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
For cattle, little is known regarding the relationship between fecal egg counts (FECs) and the helminth population inside the animal's gastrointestinal tract and so this study evaluated the correlation between FEC and worm burden in cattle treated or not with MLs (ivermectin 200 μg/kg, ivermectin 630 μg/kg, abamectin 200 μg/kg, doramectin 700 μg/kg and moxidectin 200 μg/kg)...punctata 64.5 % = 95 % CI 64.4-64.8; H. placei 30.8 % = 95 % CI 30.6-30.8). It is possible that MLs mitigate this effect in the field and that C. punctata remained prevalent in cattle in different regions of Brazil.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
This suggests that ivermectin may be an anticancer drug with great potential. Here, we reviewed the related mechanisms by which ivermectin inhibited the development of different cancers and promoted programmed cell death and discussed the prospects for the clinical application of ivermectin as an anticancer drug for neoplasm therapy.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Recent advances in the research of milbemycin biosynthesis and regulation as well as strategies for strain improvement. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 18, 2021
The research progress made so far indicates that strain improvement and generation of novel milbemycin derivatives will greatly benefit from future development of enabling technologies and deeper understanding of the fundamentals of biosynthesis of milbemycin and the regulation of its production in S. bingchenggensis. This mini-review also proposes that the overproduction of milbemycins could be greatly enhanced by genome minimization, systematical metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches in the future.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Dermanyssus gallinae in non-avian hosts: A case report in a dog and review of the literature. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 31, 2021
The dog was successfully treated with an oral sarolaner-based product, followed by a spot-on formulation of imidacloprid and moxidectin...Ten articles on non-avian D. gallinae attacks in domestic animals and wildlife were retrieved, pointing out the need for more awareness amongst practitioners. The therapeutic effect of available antiparasitic drugs, currently used off-label, should also be better explored in non-avian hosts.
- |||||||||| ketamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: New drugs for small animals in 2020 (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021
Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now also authorized for hamsters, mice, and rats; and the osmotic laxative lactulose is approved for use also in dogs and cats. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Gastrointestinal nematode control programs in yearling Nellore heifers: Analysis of fecal egg counts, weight gain and reproductive indices. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 29, 2021
Fecal egg counts (FECs), proportion of nematode genera, weight gain, body condition score and reproductive indices (estrous cyclicity, conception and pregnancy rates) were evaluated in yearling heifers after imposing two treatment regimens for gastrointestinal nematodes: T1 = 306 calves treated in May and November with 3.5 % doramectin (700 μg/kg) and August (Aug) with saline solution; and T2 = 307 calves treated in May with 3.5 % doramectin (700 μg/kg), in August with 1% moxidectin (200 μg/kg) and in November with 3.5 % doramectin (700 μg/kg)...There tended to be more heifers of the T2 than T1 group estrous cycling (P = 0.07) at the beginning of the breeding season as well as greater pregnancy rates (P = 0.03) and conception rates (P = 0.03) as a result of the second FTAI. The results indicate there is greater reproduction outcomes as a result of strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling Nellore heifers using the T1 as compared with T2 treatment regimen.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Recording drug responses from adult Dirofilaria immitis pharyngeal and somatic muscle cells. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
We also demonstrate that the somatic muscle cells have robust responses to 30 μM acetylcholine, levamisole, pyrantel and nicotine. This is important preliminary data, demonstrating the feasibility of electrophysiological studies in this important parasite.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Evaluation of changes in drug susceptibility and population genetic structure in Haemonchus contortus following worm replacement as a means to reverse the impact of multiple-anthelmintic resistance on a sheep farm. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
A population of Haemonchus contortus that was highly resistant to benzimidazoles and avermectin/milbemycins with a subpopulation that was resistant to levamisole, was replaced with a susceptible laboratory isolate of H. contortus in a flock of sheep...Resistance to albendazole, ivermectin, and moxidectin was confirmed via fecal egg count reduction test, larval development assay, and pyrosequencing-based genotyping...Genetic analyses showed a lack of diversity in the susceptible isolate, suggesting the susceptible isolate had reduced environmental fitness compared to the resistant population, providing a possible explanation for the rapid reversion to resistance. This work demonstrates the power of combining molecular, in vitro, and in vivo assays to study phenotypic and genotypic changes in a field population of nematodes, enabling improved insights into the epidemiology of anthelmintic resistance.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparison of electrophysiological and motility assays to study anthelmintic effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
As references, we used three macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin, and milbemycin oxime), and levamisole, which act on different ion channels...Drug effects on pump timing and EPG waveforms were also investigated. These experiments confirmed drug-class specific effects of the tested anthelmintics and illustrated the relative strengths and limitations of the different assays for anthelmintic research.
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