Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds 
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  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Journal:  CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF AFRICANIZED BEE (Apis mellifera) ENVENOMATION IN HORSES. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2024   
    Many cases of massive bee envenomation have been documented in both humans and animals, particularly in dogs. Understanding the mechanism of action of apitoxin, its effects on various tissues, and the ideal therapy for each patient has proven crucial for improving survival rates.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 31, 2024   
    The interaction of BV peptides and enzymes with the plasma membrane is a crucial step in the whole process. However, before its possible application as a remedy, it is crucial to identify the correct route of exposure and dosage of BV and MEL for potential therapeutic use as well as potential side effects on normal cells and tissues to avoid any possible adverse event.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Journal:  Bee Venom Toxic Effect on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells and Caenorhabditis Elegans. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 19, 2024   
    Thus, due to its potential toxic effect and induction of allergic reactions, using bee venom as a therapeutic approach has been limited. The development of controlled-release drug strategies to improve this natural product's efficacy and safety should be intensified.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  An Updated Review Summarizing the Anticancer Efficacy of Melittin from Bee Venom in Several Models of Human Cancers. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 2, 2023   
    We are mainly focused on exploring the potential of melittin (a peptide component) of bee venom that has shown promising potential in the treatment of several human cancers, including breast, stomach, lung, prostate, ovary, kidney, colon, gastric, esophageal, cervical cancers, melanoma, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review has summarized all potential studies related to the anticancerous efficacy of melittin (apitoxin), its formulations, conjugates, and nano-formulations against several human carcinomas, which would further pave the way for future researchers in developing potent drugs for cancer management.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 24, 2023   
    Honey bee venom or apitoxin is produced in the venom gland in the honey bee abdomen...Nowadays, BV or its components separately, are used for the treatment of various diseases in different countries as a natural medicine with limited side effects. Consequently, scientists as well as several pharmaceutical companies are trying to get a new understanding about BV, its substances and its activity for more effective use of this natural remedy in modern medicine.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Bee Products as Interesting Natural Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Cardiovascular Diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2022   
    Apitherapy is a form of alternative therapy that relies on the use of bee products, i.e., honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen, and bee venom (known as apitoxin), for the prevention and treatment of various diseases...This mini-review of papers identified in various electronic databases describes new aspects of the bioactivity of certain bee products, viz. bee pollen, royal jelly, bee venom, propolis, and bee bread, as natural interesting products for the prevention and treatment of common CVDs.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Journal:  Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Properties of Bee Venom Extracts and Melittins of Honey Bees. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 27, 2021   
    Bee venom (BV), or apitoxin, is a complex substance produced by a gland in the abdominal cavity of bees...Furthermore, the A. cerana venom extract showed the highest activity against the tested bacteria, followed by A. mellifera, A. florea, and A. dorsata. Therefore, A. cerana venom may be further developed for use in medical applications as a potential alternative agent against Gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker:  Emerging therapeutic modality enhancing the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 21, 2021   
    The current work aimed to evaluate bee venom (BV) cytotoxic effect and its synergistic action when combined with cisplatin (CIS) against four types of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines...Moreover, a significant decrease in cells in S phases among all single and combined treatments when matched with vehicle-treated. Briefly, the findings of the present study suggest that BV can exert an anti-cancer effect on HNSCC and may have the potentiality for potentiation of CIS cytotoxic effects and reduction of its adverse effects.
  • ||||||||||  amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  In-depth characterization of antibacterial activity of melittin against Staphylococcus aureus and use in a model of non-surgical MRSA-infected skin wounds. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    In this context, melittin, the main component of apitoxin, has a potent antibacterial effect...Melittin interacts synergistically with beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, and its ability to form pores in the membrane reverses the resistance of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) to amoxicillin, and vancomycin...In vivo, a ointment containing melittin reduced bacterial load and the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta. Collectively, these data point to melittin as a potential candidate for topical formulations aimed at the treatment of non-surgical infections caused by MRSA.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Bee Venom in Wound Healing. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 14, 2021   
    The effect of BV on the wounds has been proved by numerous studies, which revealed that BV in the wound healing process brings about a curative effect and could be applied as a new potential treatment for wound repair. However, therapy with bee venom may induce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to assess the existence of the patient's hypersensitivity to apitoxin before treatment.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Journal:  Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom on Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 10, 2021   
    Honeybee venom (Apitoxin, BV), a secretion substance expelled from the venom gland of bees, has being reported as antimicrobial against various bacterial species; however, the mechanism of action remains uncharacterized...According to Transmission Electron Microscopy results, the deformation of the cell wall was evident for all species. This implies a common mechanism of action of the BV which is as follows: the cell wall destruction, change of membrane permeability, leakage of cell contents, inactivation of metabolic activity and finally cell death.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2021   
    In this review, we approach the possibilities and limitations of apitoxin and its components in the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. We further discuss the observed unspecific cytotoxicity of melittin that strongly restricts its therapeutic use and review interesting possibilities of a beneficial use by selectively targeting melittin to cancer cells.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Journal:  Antimicrobial Activity of Five Apitoxins from Apis mellifera on Two Common Foodborne Pathogens. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 8, 2020   
    The MIC values ranged from 256 to 1024 µg/mL in S. enterica and from 16 to 32 µg/mL in L. monocytogenes. The results of this study demonstrate that apitoxin is a potential alternative agent against common foodborne pathogens, and it can be included in the development of new models to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the food chain.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Review, Journal:  Bee Venom: Overview of Main Compounds and Bioactivities for Therapeutic Interests. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 24, 2020   
    Many studies described biological activities of bee venom components and launched preclinical trials to improve the potential use of apitoxin and its constituents as the next generation of drugs. The aim of this review is to summarize the main compounds of bee venom, their primary biological properties, mechanisms of action, and their therapeutic values in alternative therapy strategies.
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Trial completion:  Apitox, Honeybee Toxin for Pain and Inflammation of Osteoarthritis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Dec 13, 2016   
    P3,  N=363, Completed, 
    Furthermore, leakage of haemoglobin (Hb) inside the RBCs at high melittin concentration was also investigated. Recruiting --> Completed
  • ||||||||||  Apitox (honeybee venom) / Apimeds
    Trial primary completion date:  Apitox, Honeybee Toxin for Pain and Inflammation of Osteoarthritis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 7, 2015   
    P3,  N=330, Recruiting, 
    Trial primary completion date: Nov 2015 --> Dec 2016 Trial primary completion date: Sep 2014 --> Nov 2015