- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The effects of alcohol and illicit drug use on the skin. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Illicit drug use can manifest with cutaneous fibrosis, scarring, granulomas, ulceration, pruritus, infections, cocaine-levamisole-induced vasculitis, tooth decay, and oral disease. By recognizing the cutaneous stigmata of alcohol and illicit drug use, dermatologists can aid in the identification and treatment of patients suffering from these addictions.
- |||||||||| mebendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Determination of Levamisole and Mebendazole and Its Two Metabolite Residues in Three Poultry Species by HPLC-MS/MS. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
The peak areas of the four target drugs had a good linear relationship with the concentration, and the determination coefficient (R) values were higher than 0.9990. The average recoveries of LMS, MBZ, HMBZ, and AMBZ were 86.77-96.94%; the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.75-4.99% at LOQ, 0.5 maximum residue limit (MRL), 1.0 MRL, and 2.0 MRL; the interday RSDs were 2.54-5.52%; and the LODs and LOQs were 0.04-0.30 μg/kg and 0.12-0.80 μg/kg, respectively.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Recurrent Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Induced by Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
In recent years, levamisole has been used as a common cocaine adulterant, and its use has led to an autoimmune syndrome characterized by an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis presenting with necrotic retiform purpura on the face and extremities. We present a case of recurrent levamisole-induced vasculitis initially misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus to highlight this easily misdiagnosed entity and to demonstrate re-exposure leading to recurrent vasculitis with more extensive clinical manifestations.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Cholinergic transmission in C. elegans: functions, diversity and maturation of ACh-activated ion channels. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
From a combination of electrophysiological and molecular cellular studies, we have gained a profound understanding of cholinergic signaling at the levels of synapses, neural circuits and animal behaviors. This review will begin with a historical overview, then cover in-depth current knowledge on acetylcholine-activated ionotropic receptors, mechanisms regulating their functional expression and their functions in regulating locomotion.
- |||||||||| hydralazine hydrochloride / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Mechanisms of thrombosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
NETs have also been detected in cutaneous thrombi from patients with AAV induced by hydralazine...Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) have been detected in up to a third of AAV and might also be induced by drugs such as cocaine adulterated with levamisole and propylthiouracil, which are known to trigger AAV...The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with endothelial injury and NETosis, mechanisms which are in common with AAV. Reports of new-onset AAV following COVID-19 have been described in the literature, and there could be shared mechanisms driving these processes that require further evaluation.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anthelmintic resistance and homeostatic plasticity (Brugia malayi). (Pubmed Central) - Nov 17, 2021
Motility, calcium-imaging, patch-clamp and molecular experiments showed the muscle AChRs are dynamic with mechanisms that adjust their subtype composition and sensitivity to levamisole. This homeostatic plasticity allows the parasite to adapt resisting the anthelmintic.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Opioid Overdose Deaths with Buprenorphine Detected in Postmortem Toxicology: a Retrospective Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 6, 2021
Although data are limited, buprenorphine may provide some risk mitigation against full agonist opioid overdose including fentanyl. Further work should explore the use of postmortem concentrations of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, and other opioid metabolites to determine the role of buprenorphine in fatal overdose pharmacology.
- |||||||||| monepantel (PAA1) / Pharmaust
Clinical, Journal: First case of monepantel resistant nematodes of sheep in Sweden. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 5, 2021
Anthelmintic resistance was also confirmed on two occasions to different compounds of ivermectin and once to albendazole, but not to levamisole which was tested twice. In conclusion, this is the first description of triple resistance to AH drugs in GIN of sheep in Sweden.
- |||||||||| albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anthelmintic resistance in commercial sheep farms in Costa Rica. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 5, 2021
resistant to the 3 anthelmintics tested. The results of this study demonstrate that anthelmintic resistance is widespread, particularly in Haemonchus spp., and that the major drugs available in the country have lost much of their effectiveness against sheep nematodes.
- |||||||||| Remicade (infliximab) / Merck (MSD), Mitsubishi Tanabe, J&J, Humira (adalimumab) / Eisai, AbbVie
Journal: Acne fulminans. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 31, 2021
Dapsone, cyclosporine A, methotrexate, azathioprine, levamisole, and biological agents such as anakinra, infliximab, adalimumab may be considered as alternative therapies in selected cases. Adjunctive topical and physical therapies may also be considered.
- |||||||||| Sulonex (sulodexide) / Alfasigma, Defitelio (defibrotide) / IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Jazz
Review, Journal: A Literature Review of Pharmacological Agents to Improve Venous Leg Ulcer Healing. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021
Venous leg ulcer pharmacological treatment options were searched in the English language from February 2020 to March 2020 using numerous databases and sites, such as PubMed. Drugs used adjunctively with compression therapy that facilitate healing in long-standing or large VLUs include micronized purified flavonoid fraction, pentoxifylline, sulodexide, and mesoglycan.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Microvascular Occlusion: Key Concepts for the Working Pathologist. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021
However, both vasculitis and occlusion are present in some cases of levamisole-associated vasculopathy and certain infections...Microvascular occlusion of vessels in the fat should prompt consideration of calciphylaxis. Clues to ultimate clinical diagnosis can be garnered from depth of involvement, size of vessels affected, and presence of both vasculitis and occlusion.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: First Report of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats in Romania. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2021
Currently, there are three classes of anthelmintics most commonly used in small ruminants: the benzimidazoles (BZs), macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and cholinergic agonists (especially levamisole; LEV)...Furthermore, H. contotus L3 larvae was the only species found in the wells with the highest concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) and IVM-AG in LDT. This suggests that resistance to both BZs and MLs was present for that species.
- |||||||||| dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Immunomodulatory Effect of Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 24, 2021
In the in vivo assay, H2 revealed an immunostimulatory effect in the context of experimentally induced immunosuppression with dexamethasone, a superior effect to levamisole treatment according to the same regimen, in two doses every 24 h. There was no correlation between pharmacological effect and the reference compounds evaluated. (4) The immunomodulatory effect of methanolic and hydroalcoholic hellebore extracts is not due to ecdysones and polyphenolic compounds, but other polar substances, possible steroid glycosides.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Drug-related demyelinating syndromes: understanding risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and magnetic resonance imaging findings. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 22, 2021
The anthelminthic agent levamisole is a frequent cocaine adulterant and can precipitate an exacerbated immune response attacking the central nervous system (CNS)...However, this hyperactivation of the immune system might be associated with induction of unwanted autoimmune responses. In this paper we review the risk factors, the possible pathological mechanisms and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of these drug-related demyelinating syndromes.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
[VIRTUAL] Crescentic Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia and Cocaine Abuse () - Oct 17, 2021 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2021KIDNEY_WEEK_2640;
Discussion This case demonstrates the importance of keeping a broad differential diagnosis in the evaluation of AKI and nephrotic-range proteinuria in sickle cell anemia, particularly in the setting of cocaine use and its known association with levamisole. Although sickle cell nephropathy could have explained this patient’s presentation, a broader workup was key to arrive to the correct diagnosis, and therefore prompt treatment.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Ivermectin-Induced ANCA Vasculitis () - Oct 17, 2021 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2021KIDNEY_WEEK_2619;
He received prednisone 1mg/kg,3 biweekly doses of intravenous cyclophosphamide, 10 doses of plasmapheresis, and was initiated on dialysis...Commonly implicated drugs are hydralazine, levamisole-contaminated cocaine, propylthiouracil, allopurinol. Although no case of Ivermectin-induced AAV has been reported, we recommend a high index of suspicion as prompt cessation of the offending drug can significantly improve prognosis in drug-associated AAV.
- |||||||||| cyclophosphamide oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Primary Membranous Nephropathy Concurrent with ANCA-Positive Crescentic Glomerulopathy in a Hispanic Man () - Oct 17, 2021 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2021KIDNEY_WEEK_2434;
Management was initiated with a pulse of steroids followed by a taper, and renally dosed oral cyclophosphamide...We hypothesize that the patient's renal findings of p-ANCA and crescentic GN were likely associated with levamisole adulterated cocaine in the background of primary MN...We decided to treat the patient’s MN with immunosuppressive therapy. Fortunately, the patient has responded favorably to our management with significant improvement in renal function.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] LEVAMISOLE-INDUCED ANCA VASCULITIS OVERLAP SYNDROME () - Oct 13, 2021 - Abstract #CHEST2021CHEST_2216;
This case highlights the importance of considering substance induce Autoimmune conditions in patients presenting with multisystem syndrome with pulmonary involvement. Levamisole which is a contaminant present in cocaine can induce ANCA associated vasculitis with variable manifestations.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Recording drug responses from adult Dirofilaria immitis pharyngeal and somatic muscle cells. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
We also demonstrate that the somatic muscle cells have robust responses to 30 μM acetylcholine, levamisole, pyrantel and nicotine. This is important preliminary data, demonstrating the feasibility of electrophysiological studies in this important parasite.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Evaluation of changes in drug susceptibility and population genetic structure in Haemonchus contortus following worm replacement as a means to reverse the impact of multiple-anthelmintic resistance on a sheep farm. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
A population of Haemonchus contortus that was highly resistant to benzimidazoles and avermectin/milbemycins with a subpopulation that was resistant to levamisole, was replaced with a susceptible laboratory isolate of H. contortus in a flock of sheep...Resistance to albendazole, ivermectin, and moxidectin was confirmed via fecal egg count reduction test, larval development assay, and pyrosequencing-based genotyping...Genetic analyses showed a lack of diversity in the susceptible isolate, suggesting the susceptible isolate had reduced environmental fitness compared to the resistant population, providing a possible explanation for the rapid reversion to resistance. This work demonstrates the power of combining molecular, in vitro, and in vivo assays to study phenotypic and genotypic changes in a field population of nematodes, enabling improved insights into the epidemiology of anthelmintic resistance.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Using droplet digital PCR for the detection of hco-acr-8b levamisole resistance marker in H. contortus. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
Frequencies of the deletion ranged from 35 to 80% in the pre-treatment samples, whereas no amplifiable H. contortus genomic DNA was detected in the post-treatment samples. Together, these data reveal relatively high frequencies of the 63 bp deletion in the hco-acr-8 both on individual H. contortus and field larval culture scales, and cast doubt on the utility of the deletion in the hco-acr-8 as a molecular marker for levamisole resistance detection on sheep farms.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparison of electrophysiological and motility assays to study anthelmintic effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
As references, we used three macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin, and milbemycin oxime), and levamisole, which act on different ion channels...Drug effects on pump timing and EPG waveforms were also investigated. These experiments confirmed drug-class specific effects of the tested anthelmintics and illustrated the relative strengths and limitations of the different assays for anthelmintic research.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Bextra, Oraflex, Vioxx, Seldane, Propoxyphene, Baycol, DBI, DES, Duract, Ergamisole, Hismanal, Meridia, Omniflox, Posicor. I can go on if you like. (Twitter) - Oct 7, 2021
- |||||||||| niclosamide / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: In vitro efficacy of anthelmintics on Angiostrongylus cantonensis L3 larvae. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2021
Ivermectin and moxidectin did not induce significant levels of mortality, but they considerably reduced larval motility almost immediately. This study indicates the need for further in vivo studies to determine the optimal dose and time frame for post-infection treatment with anthelmintics that demonstrated efficacy.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Fatal Case of Levamisole-Induced Vasculopathy in a Cocaine User. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 26, 2021
We conclude that assays using low concentrations of cocaine, and consequently low concentration of levamisole as an adulterant, should be unaffected by the weak binding of levamisole. No abstract available
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Leptin resistant Zucker rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis present a reduced inflammatory response but enhanced epithelial damage. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 26, 2021
Obese Zucker rats showed a lower intestinal myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity, reduced alkaline phosphatase sensitivity to levamisole, and diminished colonic expression of Nos2, Tnf, and Il6, indicating attenuated intestinal inflammation, associated with attenuated STAT3, AKT, and ERK signaling in the colonic tissue...This was linked to decreased ZO-1 immunoreactivity in tight junctions and lower occludin expression. Our results indicate that obese Zucker rats present an attenuated inflammatory response to TNBS, but increased intestinal epithelial damage allowing the passage of bacterial antigens.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Plant Adaptogens-History and Future Perspectives. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 24, 2021
Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance the body's stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption...The data from the meta-analysis showed that plant adaptogens could provide a number of benefits in the treatment of chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and immune protection. In the future, there is great potential to register medicinal products that contain plant adaptogens for therapeutic purposes.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: In vitro anthelmintic activity of Pimienta dioica and Origanum vulgare essential oils on gastrointestinal nematodes from sheep and cattle. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 4, 2021
EOs at concentrations of 20.2-252.3 µg µL with serial dilutions were used, also a negative control (distilled water + Tween 20) and Thiabendazol (77 µg µL) and Levamisole (120 µg µL) as a positive control to eggs and larvae, respectively, were placed on microplates...PPEO showed ovicidal effect in vitro test, with lethal doses 99 (LD) of 0.56-4.19 µg µL, while oregano essential oil (OREO) was shown to be a larvicidal activity with doses of LD of 0.15-6.60 L. The results confirm that P. dioica and O. vulgare EOs have ovicidal and larvicidal capacity against GIN in vitro test.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Specific collagens maintain the cuticle permeability barrier in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 3, 2021
Loss of any of these PD collagens-DPY-2, DPY-3, DPY-7, DPY-8, DPY-9, and DPY-10-led to enhanced susceptibility of nematodes to paraquat (PQ) and antihelminthic drugs- levamisole and ivermectin...We show that the permeability barrier maintained by PD collagens acts in parallel to FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 to enhance survival of insulin-like receptor mutant, daf-2. In all, this study shows that PD collagens regulate cuticle permeability by maintaining the structure of C. elegans cuticle and thus provide protection against exogenous toxins.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Levamisole-Induced Vasculopathy. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 2, 2021
In all, this study shows that PD collagens regulate cuticle permeability by maintaining the structure of C. elegans cuticle and thus provide protection against exogenous toxins. No abstract available
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