levamisole / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 10, 2025   
    We here show clinical and necropsy data and morphological and molecular worm identifications and call for further parasitological research in ex
  • ||||||||||  monepantel (NUZ-001) / Neurizon Therapeutics
    Review, Journal:  A systematic review of the molecular mechanisms related to anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus: A contemporary narrative. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 25, 2025   
    Additionally, resistance mechanisms to levamisole (LEV) and monepantel are discussed, showing evidence of polymorphisms in genes related to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR)...We suggest that new publications on drug resistance should adopt the approaches and refer to this new era of scientific discoveries. Consistent data interpretation, including artificial intelligence (AI) support, will help us to suggest novel biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance and predict its evolution, allowing a more comprehensible approach toward sustainable parasite control strategies.
  • ||||||||||  ivermectin topical / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Repositioning anthelmintics for the treatment of inflammatory-based pathological conditions. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 20, 2025   
    Consistent data interpretation, including artificial intelligence (AI) support, will help us to suggest novel biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance and predict its evolution, allowing a more comprehensible approach toward sustainable parasite control strategies. Despite low bioavailability, many benzimidazoles
  • ||||||||||  cyclophosphamide / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Immunomodulatory effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 + stachyose on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 11, 2025   
    The validated library-based alarm screening method shows promise for rapid seized drug screening under controlled laboratory conditions, which supports potential usage in a mobile laboratory setting. Mice were divided into the normal control group, model control group (normal saline), positive drug control group (levamisole hydrochloride, 10 mg/kg), and low, medium, and high-dose groups (1.5
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Drug combination assays using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 6, 2025   
    In conclusion, the C. elegans drug combination assay provides critical insights for developing successful market formulations applicable across a wide range of pharmacological treatments. Its ability to efficiently screen for synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects makes it a valuable tool for identifying effective therapeutic strategies, potentially reducing drug resistance and improving treatment outcomes in various medical and toxicological fields.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cocaine-induced Vasculitis: Uncommon Manifestations in the Lower Extremities - A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 27, 2025   
    Levamisole-induced vasculitis is a recognized dermatopathologic phenomenon frequently observed in individuals engaged in illicit substance use, particularly cocaine...Our objective is to raise awareness among both the public and healthcare providers, emphasizing the consideration of cocaine-induced vasculitis in patients presenting with chronic non-healing wounds, even in less common anatomical regions. Encouraging substance use cessation is crucial in the management of such cases.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Wound-associated agents in the unregulated drug supply: Evidence from a statewide drug checking program. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 11, 2025   
    These findings emphasize the importance of statewide monitoring amid an evolving drug market, especially regarding wound-associated agents. Drug checking, safer supply, overdose prevention, and non-stigmatizing wound care services for people who use drugs are instrumental in mitigating the health consequences of the unregulated drug supply.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Violaceous nodules of the extensor joints - a clinicopathological challenge. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 3, 2025   
    Classically, these manifestations involve purpuric or necrotic lesions involving the ears, nose, and extremities. However, we present a case of cocaine-induced AAV presenting with violaceous nodules on the dorsal hands in order to demonstrate that this condition may not always present with retiform purpura and skin necrosis.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Further Investigation Into an Environmental Source for Aminorex. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 19, 2024   
    In 2009, levamisole was identified as a source for several aminorex positives reported in postrace equine samples in Canada...Resedine was administered to one horse and was detected in plasma and urine samples, but aminorex was only detected in urine samples. These results provide evidence that resedine is an intermediary compound between barbarin and aminorex in horses and that resedine can be used as a biomarker to eliminate the reporting of aminorex positives originating from the ingestion of plants from the Brassicaceae family.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vivo anthelmintic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Piper cubeba fruits in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 7, 2024   
    For this, 18 animals were divided into three groups: a control group, a group treated with levamisole phosphate at 4.7?mg/kg body weight subcutaneously, and a group treated with Piper cubeba extract, which was administered in pure form orally to the animals through a cannula...Toxicity tests for liver and kidney functions showed no alterations after administration of the single dose extract. These results demonstrate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Piper cubeba fruits and suggest its potential use as an alternative to synthetic chemicals in controlling parasites in sheep.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Sniffed levamisole-adulterated cocaine mimicking acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 5, 2024   
    Levamisole is a no longer used chemotherapeutic agent but is a legally acquirable veterinary antihelminthic and is often used to adulterate cocaine. Given the rise in cocaine-related hospitalisations, this case raises awareness of an important ADEM mimic.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Levamisole Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway in SD Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 27, 2024   
    Furthermore, histological examination of major organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and thymus) showed no significant pathological changes, with the exception of the spleen, where M-LVM ameliorated splenic lesions. We demonstrate that LVM at an optimal dose substantially relieves synovitis and bone erosion in AIA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Detection of levamisole and its metabolites in horses after oral levamisole administration over seven days. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2024   
    Levamisole and its metabolites can be detected for variable lengths of time in horses, with detection lasting for days to weeks following multiple doses. This study supports the Racing Medication and Testing Consortium Advisory on levamisole, which suggests that clearance sample testing should be conducted on treated horses to verify elimination of levamisole and its metabolites.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Safety Evaluation of a Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Candidate, Levamisole. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 4, 2024   
    The results showed that 30 mg/kg LVM has promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of RA with negligible toxicity from 45 mg/kg to 180 mg/kg. This study provides valuable preclinical data on the safety and efficacy of LVM, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications and potentially offering a safer and more effective treatment option for RA patients.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Crescentic IgA Nephropathy: Levamisole-Induced? () -  Oct 12, 2024 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2024KIDNEY_WEEK_5303;    
    A 58-year- old female with a history of IV drug-use induced hepatitis C, with a negative viral load for two years following glecaprevir-pibrentasvir therapy, presented to the hospital with one month of intermittent hematuria, vague abdominal discomfort, malaise, and bilateral lower extremity worsening large violaceous plaques with early signs of ulceration...The patient was discharged on losartan, moderate dose prednisone and cyclophosphamide...There is no literature on levamisole induced cIgAN, we aim to share the first potential association between levamisole and development of cIgAN based on histologic findings. Alternatively, the cIgAN may be the outcome of hepatotoxicity resu from the resolved hepatitis C infection, however the patient's presentation and the timeline is more suggestive of a levamisole induced process..
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Immunomodulatory Effects of Levamisole in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (Room 23, Convention Center) -  Oct 12, 2024 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2024KIDNEY_WEEK_4837;    
    LMS appears to suppress immune cell proliferation, alter gene expression profiles, and induce DNA damage, suggesting its capacity as an immunosuppressive agent. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the therapeutic implications of LMS in immune-mediated disorders and its underlying mechanisms of action.[1].
  • ||||||||||  methylprednisolone sodium succinate / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Cocaine-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A case report and literature review. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 9, 2024   
    The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and showed partial clinical improvement. Initially considered as a consequence of the drug's toxic effects, this condition has more recently been linked to levamisole, a cocaine adulterant known to cause similar cases of multiple leukoencephalopathy.
  • ||||||||||  cyclophosphamide / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome from Cocaine-Induced ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report (Exhibit Hall, Convention Center) -  Sep 23, 2024 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2024KIDNEY_WEEK_4253;    
    Cocaine-induced AAV can present with a variety of symptoms and signs due to involvement of multiple organ systems including life-threatening pulmonary-renal syndrome. While role of pheresis is limited in levamisole-induced AAV, resolution of DAH was noted in our patient.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open, Trial primary completion date:  STOP-FiLAR: A 3- to 5-day Clinical Trial of Levamisole in Loiasis Infected Subjects (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Sep 20, 2024   
    P2/3,  N=99, Recruiting, 
    Animal models clearly demonstrate hydralazine-modified MPO stimulates T-cell activation and pathogenic IgG that induces ANCA glomerulonephritis in mice. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: May 2025 --> Sep 2024
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Cocaine- and Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis: Defining the Spectrum of Autoimmune Manifestations. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 14, 2024   
    Cocaine can cause autoimmune manifestations ranging from localized nasal lesions to systemic diseases, with neutrophils playing a key role through NETosis and ANCA development, which exacerbates immune responses and tissue damage. Diagnosing and treating these conditions becomes challenging when cocaine and levamisole abuse is not suspected, due to the differences and overlaps in clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects compared to primary idiopathic vasculitides.
  • ||||||||||  moxidectin / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle in Brazil and Argentina - current status and global perspectives. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 14, 2024   
    The review explores the impact ofclimate, mixed grazing, animal movement and other husbandry practices, and the relationship between ectoparasite control and the emergence of resistant helminths. Notably, the discussion includes the strategic use of drug combinations as a valuable approach to address resistant GINs control in livestock, highlighting its significant potential to mitigate the challenges posed by AHR in the cattle industry of these countries.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting As Orbital Apex Syndrome. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 8, 2024   
    Prompt multidisciplinary intervention led to significant improvement following steroid therapy and IV antibiotics, and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a high GPA. This case highlights the complexities involved in diagnosing and managing GPA presenting as orbital apex syndrome, particularly in patients with comorbidities and non-adherence to medical follow-up.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effect of Wei Qi Booster on immune and anti-oxidative function in aged mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 8, 2024   
    levels increased in the 1% WQB group, showing no notable difference compared to the young mice group. The results demonstrated that WQB can elevate immune levels and enhance anti-oxidative functions in aged mice.
  • ||||||||||  triamcinolone acetonide topical / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    BEYOND BOUNDARIES: THE ENIGMA OF ANCA-NEGATIVE COCAINE-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS -- A CASE REPORT (Convention Center Exhibit Hall: Rapid Fire Area 1A) -  Jul 31, 2024 - Abstract #CHEST2024CHEST_3333;    
    Our case highlights the significance of considering LIV in patients with ANCA-negative serology. Early identification and support of cocaine cessation can lead to resolution, decreasing the need for costly procedures and lengthy hospital stays.