- |||||||||| cyclophosphamide / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, Immunomodulating: Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 13, 2023
The complex probiotics restored the gut microbiota structure to the pattern of the control group by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhancing the relative abundances of specific microbiota that produced short-chain fatty acids. This study provides theoretical support for the immunity-enhancing function of the complex probiotics as well as a pharmacological basis for its further development and utilization.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Antihelminthic Activity of Lophira Lanceolata on Heligmosomoides polygyrus Using an Automated High-Throughput Method. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2023
For the egg-hatching test, 100 μL of embryonated egg suspension (60 eggs) was added to 100 μL of various concentrations of extracts, levamisole, and 1.5% DMSO in a 96-well round-bottom microtitre plate...This study provides scientific data on the use of L. lanceolata by the local population for the treatment of helminthiases. However, in vivo and toxicity tests are necessary to assess its activity and safety.
- |||||||||| albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Management of Rat Lungworm Disease (Neuroangiostrongyliasis) Using Anthelmintics: Recent Updates and Recommendations. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 22, 2023
Here, we discuss recent studies that provide insights into new treatments and preventative interventions, which can be more rigorously used for the management of neuroangiostrongyliasis. In summary, results from recent studies suggest that albendazole and avermectins are beneficial for post-exposure management, pyrantel pamoate is beneficial as a post-exposure prophylactic, and levamisole is deserving of further study for the treatment of neuroangiostrongyliasis.
- |||||||||| albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anthelmintic resistance in sheep in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 10, 2023
The highest percentage of Haemonchus larvae was observed after treatment with ivermectin, followed by albendazole and levamisole. This study revealed the existence of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep that present multiple resistance to all three main classes of anthelmintic drugs.
- |||||||||| Keytruda (pembrolizumab) / Merck (MSD)
Metrology for consultation with the Pneumotox site and practical deductions (Display area) - Dec 14, 2022 - Abstract #CPLF2023CPLF_764;
Amiodarone and methotrexate remain with pembrolizumab the three most consulted drugs...The weakness of consultation of certain products or agents invites to ask Pneumotox to play as soon as possible a sharper proactive role by reporting to the user the drugs comparable to that consulted and/or accidents other than that consulted, including rare, In order not to ignore multiple effects or which can occur during treatment pursued or taken up later. And who, for lack of actively sought, can place the patient and the user at risk.
- |||||||||| imipramine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Transformation of Hydrophilic Drug into Oil-Miscible Ionic Liquids for Transdermal Drug Delivery. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 13, 2022
Furthermore, in vitro skin irritation and in vivo histological studies have demonstrated that Lev-IL has excellent biocompatibility compared with a conventional ionic liquid-based carrier. The results indicate that oil-miscible IL-based drugs provide a simple and scalable strategy for the design of effective transdermal drug delivery systems.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical data, Review, Journal: Molecular Insights and Clinical Outcomes of Drugs of Abuse Adulteration: New Trends and New Psychoactive Substances. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 12, 2022
Notably, adulterants play a role in some adverse effects commonly associated with the primary drug, such as levamisole-adulterated cocaine that may induce vasculitis via an autoimmune process. It is essential to constantly monitor adulterants due to their changing availability that may threaten drug consumers' health.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Shedding Light on the Role of Na,K-ATPase as a Phosphatase during Matrix-Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 12, 2022
The ability to hydrolyze ATP was assayed by a colorimetric method and by P NMR with and without Levamisole and SBI-425 (two TNAP inhibitors), ouabain (an NKA inhibitor), and ARL-67156 (an NTPDase1, NTPDase3 and Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) competitive inhibitor)...It was hypothesized that the loss of Na/K asymmetry in MVs could be caused by a complete depletion of ATP inside MVs, impairing the maintenance of symmetry by NKA. Our study carried out on NKA-liposomes confirmed that NKA could contribute to mineral formation inside MVs, which might complement the known action of PHOSPHO1 in the MV lumen.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Essential Oils as Novel Anthelmintic Drug Candidates. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 12, 2022
However, this has led to the development of resistance against several of the most common drugs, such as levamisole, ivermectin and thiabendazole...Multiple review articles have been published on the uses of a single plant and its extracts that only briefly touch upon their anthelmintic activity. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of essential oils and their components as anthelmintic treatment against a wider variety of helminths.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Cutaneous and Mucosal Conditions Associated With Cocaine Use. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 6, 2022
Cocaine and some of its main adulterants, such as levamisole, can cause multiple cutaneous and mucosal manifestations, including ischemic complications, neutrophilic dermatoses, midline destructive lesions, and vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)...Histology typically shows vascular changes, such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, and thrombi. We review the clinical, serologic, and histologic features of cutaneous and mucosal conditions associated with the use of cocaine and also look at pathophysiologic mechanisms, differential diagnoses, and treatments.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Efficacy of clinically used anthelmintics against toxocariasis of buffalo calves in Bangladesh. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 3, 2022
Thirty-two buffalo calves below 3 months of age with clinical Toxocara infection had been selected and treated with albendazole (ABZ), levamisole (LVM) and ivermectin (IVM)...This is a novel information on anthelmintics efficacy in buffalo calves in Bangladesh. Details study is recommended on the efficacy of anthelmintics in different buffalo management systems by in vitro egg hatch assay (EHA) test.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Signs of multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in Sweden. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 28, 2022
Thus, there is a need for a truly randomized study to get an update on the extent of the situation of anthelmintic resistance at a national level, as well as to identify risk factors involved in the resistance selection. Research is also required to establish the optimal intervals for sampling post-treatment.
- |||||||||| cyclophosphamide / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Condensed Fuzheng extract increases immune function in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 10, 2022
CFE significantly improved immune system organs (spleen and thymus indices and histology), stimulated immune cell activities (number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocytes, proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, antibody formation, and NK cell activity), and increased the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ). Thus CFE effectively alleviated CTX-mediated immunosuppression and oxidative stress and enhanced the immunological functions of mice.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 8, 2022
A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI...In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Anthelmintic intoxication in goats and sheep: A systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2022
The most prevalent symptoms of anthelmintic intoxication reported were showed involvement of the nervous, locomotor, and renal systems, as well as teratogenic influences. Data from this review underscore the need of the care required in the control of parasitic infections through the safe use of antiparasitic drugs to avoid cases of intoxication.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Genomic landscape of drug response reveals mediators of anthelmintic resistance. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 26, 2022
This gene is within a locus under selection in ivermectin-resistant populations worldwide; expression analyses and functional validation using knockdown experiments support that cky-1 is associated with ivermectin survival. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of high-resolution forward genetics in a parasitic nematode and identifies variants for the development of molecular diagnostics to combat drug resistance in the field.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Metabolic homeostasis-regulated nanoparticles for antibody-independent cancer radio-immunotherapy. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2022
Herein, we employ polyethylene glycol-coated (PEGylated) liposomes as the drug delivery system (DDS) for both mannose and levamisole hydrochloride to simultaneously inhibit glycolysis and restrain mitochondrial energy metabolism and thus inhibit the tumor growth...In combination with radiotherapy, the liposomes could not only modulate the immunosuppressive TME by cellular metabolism regulation to achieve potent therapeutic effect for local tumors, but also suppress the M2 macrophage proliferation triggered by X-ray irradiation and thus enhance the immune response to inhibit metastatic lesions. In brief, we provide a new therapeutic strategy targeting the special metabolic traits of cancer cells and immunosuppressive TAMs to enhance the abscopal effect of radiotherapy for cancer.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: C. elegans Gonad Dissection and Freeze Crack for Immunofluorescence and DAPI Staining. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 11, 2022
Young adults are immobilized in levamisole and quickly dissected using two syringe needles...This technique is readily adopted by those familiar with handling C. elegans after a few hours spent practicing the dissection method itself. This protocol has been taught to high-schoolers and undergraduates working in a research lab and incorporated into a course-based undergraduate research experience at a liberal arts college.
- |||||||||| Journal: Identification of a novel opioid, N-piperidinyl etonitazene (etonitazepipne), in patients with suspected opioid overdose. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 5, 2022
Other substances that these patients tested for included fentanyl, cocaine, levamisole, phenacetin, benzoylecgonine, para-fluorofentanyl, presumptive heroin (tested as 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine, and codeine), and tramadol...Two patients reported the use of cocaine; one reported the use of heroin and alprazolam...These cases represent a local outbreak of a novel "nitazene" opioid. Public health toxicosurveillance should incorporate routine testing of this emerging class of synthetic compounds in the illicit drug supply.
- |||||||||| lignocaine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Rates, characteristics and toxicology of cocaine-related deaths in Australia, 2000-2021. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 29, 2022
There was a large increase in cocaine-related deaths across Australia from 2000 to 2021. This was accompanied by changes in case profiles, with histories of injecting drug use and substance use problems, as well as recent opioid use, becoming less prominent.
- |||||||||| warfarin / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Painful medial thigh ulcer. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 20, 2022
This was accompanied by changes in case profiles, with histories of injecting drug use and substance use problems, as well as recent opioid use, becoming less prominent. No abstract available
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Levamisole modulates podocytes’ actin cytoskeleton in vitro in nephrotic syndrome (Poster Area - Exhibition Hall E) - Sep 20, 2022 - Abstract #IPNA2022IPNA_129;
Moreover, levamisole prevented PAN-, LPS-, and NS patient plasma-induced actin cytoskeleton damage on podocytes in vitro and increased cell motility. In conclusion, our data show that levamisole exerts its beneficial effects on podocytes by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton through promoting pivotal actin cytoskeleton signaling and processes highly important for the maintenance of functional glomerular filtration barrier.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Low post vaccine antibody titers in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome children treated with rituximab (Poster Area - Exhibition Hall E) - Sep 20, 2022 - Abstract #IPNA2022IPNA_29;
When compared to INS patients on oral drugs without RTX, the percentages of positive titers were the same for hepatitis B and measles, but lower for diphteria/tetanus and varicella (85%-83%).Conclusion. INS patients treated with RTX had low post-vaccination antibody titers, which were not related to any other specific treatment modality.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Cutaneous and Mucosal Conditions Associated With Cocaine Use. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 20, 2022
Cocaine and some of its main adulterants, such as levamisole, can cause multiple cutaneous and mucosal manifestations, including ischemic complications, neutrophilic dermatoses, midline destructive lesions, and vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)...Histology typically shows vascular changes, such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, and thrombi. We review the clinical, serologic, and histologic features of cutaneous and mucosal conditions associated with the use of cocaine and also look at pathophysiologic mechanisms, differential diagnoses, and treatments.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: In vitro evaluation of fitness parameters for isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta resistant and susceptible to multiple anthelmintic classes. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 14, 2022
Four isolates were selected for the trial based on their known resistance status; D and M were multi-drug resistant, and T and W were susceptible to the benzimidazole, levamisole, and macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic classes...Overall, the results do not support differences in fitness associated with anthelmintic resistance status, even though differences were seen between the isolates for some assays. This suggests there is considerable variation in fitness parameters between isolates, making it difficult to determine whether resistance genotypes come with lower fitness.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Reagentless Voltammetric Identification of Cocaine from Complex Powders. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 7, 2022
We demonstrate excellent selectivity to cocaine compared to common adulterants, such as procaine, lidocaine, benzocaine, caffeine, and levamisole. Finally, we detect cocaine on a carbon fiber microelectrode, demonstrating miniaturizability and allowing access to low-resistance media (e.g., tap water).
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Induced by Cocaine Adulterated with Levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 3, 2022
Finally, we detect cocaine on a carbon fiber microelectrode, demonstrating miniaturizability and allowing access to low-resistance media (e.g., tap water). In patients with intravenous drug consumption and a clinical presentation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, it is important to consider levamisole as a possible contributing factor.Negative screening for MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA antibodies does not exclude levamisole-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis.Diagnostic criteria for leukocytoclastic vasculitis induced by levamisole have not yet been established.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The association between fecal microbiota, age and endoparasitism in adult alpacas. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 2, 2022
Fecal samples were collected per rectum from 102 healthy adult (2.1-11.2 years) alpacas at 3 separate timepoints (pre- and post-treatment with 8.8 mg/kg oral Levamisole HCL, and 4.6 months later) at a single farm...Alpaca age explained the largest proportion of fecal microbiota variation and was the only consistently significant predictor of fecal microbiota taxonomic composition, by impacting the ratio of relative Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes abundance. Firmicutes, mostly Clostridiales, was the most abundant taxon across all collections.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal, HEOR: Economic impact of gastrointestinal nematodes in Morada Nova sheep in Brazil. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 31, 2022
For this, 246 lambs, in the rainy and dry season, were randomized into groups according to their anthelmintic treatment with levamisole: control (CT: no treatment); routine treatment (RT: treated every 42 days); and targeted selective treatment (TST: treated according to the average daily weight gain, DWG)...However, fast development of resistance made RT unfeasible. Here, the economic impact of GIN infection on a national scale is discussed, demonstrating its importance and the impossibility of profitable and sustainable sheep production without adequate control.
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