levamisole / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal, Combination therapy:  Novel combination therapy for respiratory diseases of small ruminants: Field studies of over 10 years. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 16, 2023   
    The animals were given an oral suspension of triclabendazole or levamisole at an initial dosage of 0.2 ml/kg body weight (BW)...This novel therapy demonstrated significant efficacy against respiratory diseases in a 10-year field study. The paper proved that the protocol introduced could be a new therapeutic approach.
  • ||||||||||  ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Trichuris muris egg-hatching assay for anthelminthic drug discovery and characterization. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 19, 2023   
    Therefore, monitoring parental distress, even in the first weeks of the disease, could contribute to timely interventions and prevent worsening of problems. Streptococcus salivarius, reported to be associated with reduced drug efficacy of ivermectin-albendazole coadministration in Trichuris trichiura infected patients, did not promote egg hatching in vitro...Oxantel pamoate demonstrated the strongest potency in preventing hatching, with an EC value of 2-4
  • ||||||||||  Germanin (suramin) / Optimum Therap
    Journal:  Synthesis of new class of indole acetic acid sulfonate derivatives as ectonucleotidases inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 12, 2023   
    Streptococcus salivarius, reported to be associated with reduced drug efficacy of ivermectin-albendazole coadministration in Trichuris trichiura infected patients, did not promote egg hatching in vitro...Oxantel pamoate demonstrated the strongest potency in preventing hatching, with an EC value of 2-4 Our intended outcome led to the discovery of new potent inhibitors like' 5e (IC against h-ENPP1 = 0.32
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Persea americana Seeds against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the Worm Microtracker Method. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2023   
    Thus, developing management methods for these economically significant livestock nematodes, including teaching small-scale farmers how to properly administer anthelmintics and acaricides to their livestock, is urgently needed. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125?mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control...No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5?mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of 90.67
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  From Bench to Bedside: What Do We Know about Imidazothiazole Derivatives So Far? (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 18, 2023   
    Recently, applying imidazothiazole as the core, researchers have synthesized a series of derivatives with biological effects such as antitumor, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this review, we summarize the main pharmacological effects and pharmacological mechanisms of imidazothiazole derivates; the contents summarized herein are intended to advance the research and rational development of imidazothiazole-based drugs in the future.
  • ||||||||||  AWZ1066S / Eisai, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool
    Preclinical, Journal:  Dirofilariasis mouse models for heartworm preclinical research. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2023   
    We validated NSG and NXG D. immitis mouse models as a filaricide screen by in vivo treatments with single injections of moxidectin, which mediated a 60%-88% reduction in L4 larvae at 14-28 days. Future adoption of these mouse models will benefit end-user laboratories conducting research and development of novel heartworm preventatives via increased access, rapid turnaround, and reduced costs and may simultaneously decrease the need for experimental cat or dog use.
  • ||||||||||  acitretin / Generic mfg., isotretinoin oral / Generic mfg.
    Oral Isotretinoin versus Acitretin in The Treatment of Plantar Warts in Adults () -  Jul 3, 2023 - Abstract #WCD2023WCD_4143;    
    Acitretin is superior to oral isotretinoin as a therapy option for plantar warts, but both are effective and safe. Since they are resistant to other traditional therapy techniques, they can be seen as viable therapeutic choices for multiple plantar warts.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Disseminated Necrotic Suppurative Ulcers as a Manifestation of Cocaine Abuse. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2023   
    This study validated the ability to simultaneously detect a broad range of compounds in small volumes of serum. Pyoderma gangrenosum induced by levamisole-adulterated cocaine has the following features:History of cocaine use.Exaggerated skin injury occurring after minor trauma (pathergy).Characteristic histopathologic findings.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker:  Chronic levamisole exposure in male rats alters sexual behavior and induces apoptosis in the testis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 29, 2023   
    Also, levamisole significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of the apoptosis-related key regulatory genes, including Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein, P?=?0.05) and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P?<?0.01) in testis. The current research is the first to show that levamisole may decrease sexual performance, potency, sexual motivation, and libido and induce apoptosis in the testis.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Biomarker, Journal:  A Longitudinal Investigation of Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Chronic Cocaine Users. (Pubmed Central) -  May 29, 2023   
    No associations between use or change of use of other substances (including the neurotoxic cocaine adulterant levamisole) and NfL levels were found. Our findings demonstrate that NfL is a sensitive marker for assessing cocaine-related neuroaxonal pathology, supporting the utility of blood NfL analysis in addiction research but also suggesting the detailed assessment of substance use in neurological studies and diagnostics.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Case of Cutaneous Vasculitis in the Setting of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cocaine Use. (Pubmed Central) -  May 24, 2023   
    Furthermore, a prominent contaminant, levamisole, has been widely implicated in predisposing individuals to developing or exacerbating cutaneous vasculitides...This case examines the challenge of forming a differential diagnosis, initiating an appropriate workup, and interpreting serologic-based and immunologic-based studies to differentiate between SLE and drug-based etiologies of skin necrosis. Finally, we discuss appropriate treatment plans to mitigate symptoms and reduce future instances of drug-induced vasculitis.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Levamisole derivatives as immune modulators for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (Pubmed Central) -  May 12, 2023   
    All of the analogs have been tested for their ability to affect the response of five ALS-relevant cytokines. We have discovered a number of interesting derivatives that have encouraging cytokine response data and good metabolic stability, with the potential to have a positive impact on ALS either as single agents, or in combination.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The Haemonchus contortus LGC-39 subunit is a novel subtype of an acetylcholine-gated chloride channel. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 14, 2023   
    The nematode genome exhibits a vast array of Cys-loop receptors that are activated by a diverse set of neurotransmitters and anthelmintic drugs such as ivermectin and levamisole...A homology model was generated which revealed some key features of the LGC-39 ligand-binding pocket that may explain some of the elements important for atropine recognition of the LGC-39 receptor. Overall these results suggest that the GGR-1 family (now called LGC-57) of Cys-loop receptors includes novel acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subtypes and may represent important future drug targets.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The presence and relative frequency detection of the levamisole-resistance-associated S168T substitution in hco-acr-8 in Haemonchus contortus. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 4, 2023   
    While the finding of only the non-mutated allele in the phenotypically susceptible and Swedish isolate and larvae culture samples seemed sensible, we speculate that for the other two phenotypically resistant isolates, different (perhaps secondary) variants are responsible for conferring the resistance to levamisole phenotype, given the polygenic nature of levamisole resistance. All in all, despite the limited number of samples tested here, the mutation causing the S168T substitution in hco-acr-8 represents a plausible levamisole resistance-associated variant in, at least, some isolates of H. contortus.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Functional validation of the truncated UNC-63 acetylcholine receptor subunit in levamisole resistance. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 26, 2023   
    In the Xenopus oocyte, we report that truncated UNC-63 from C. elegans has a strong dominant negative effect on the expression of the recombinant C. elegans L-AChRs. In addition, we show that when expressed in C. elegans muscle cells, truncated UNC-63 induces a drastic reduction in levamisole susceptibility in transgenic worms, thus providing the first known functional validation for this molecular marker in vivo.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Determinants of subtype-selectivity of the anthelmintic paraherquamide A on Caenorhabditis elegans nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2023   
    Paraherquamide A showed a higher efficacy for the levamisole-sensitive (L-type (UNC-38/UNC-29/UNC-63/LEV8/LEV-1)) nAChR than the nicotine-sensitive (N-type (ACR-16)) nAChR, a result consistent with in vivo studies on wild type worms and worms with mutations in subunits of these two classes of receptors...We have co-crystallized paraherquamide A with the acetylcholine binding protein, a surrogate of nAChRs, and found that structural features of loop C, loop E and loop F contribute to the L-type nAChR selectivity of the alkaloid. The results create a new platform for the design of anthelmintic drugs targeting cholinergic neurotransmission in parasitic nematodes.
  • ||||||||||  lignocaine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Clinical characteristics of fatal cocaine toxicity in Australia, 2000-2021. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 24, 2023   
    In most cases, over 95% of patients have significant improvement or complete recovery after treatment. Compared to MDT and TI cases, CO cases had higher cocaine concentrations, higher concentrations of adulterants, higher levels of cardiovascular disease and were more likely to suddenly collapse.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A novel de novo FEM1C variant is linked to neurodevelopmental disorder with absent speech, pyramidal signs, and limb ataxia. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 21, 2023   
    Mutant worms were sensitive to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb but not levamisole (acetylcholine receptor agonist), showing that their disabled locomotion is caused by synaptic abnormalities and not muscle dysfunction. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence from an animal model suggesting that a mutation in the evolutionarily conserved FEM1C Asp126 position causes a neurodevelopmental disorder in humans.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms: Levamisole Hydrochloride. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 27, 2023   
    Due to the lack of data in the literature regarding excipient effects on the bioequivalence of products containing levamisole, it is currently recommended that the products comply with the ICH and WHO guidelines: the test formulation should have the same qualitative composition as the comparator, contain very similar quantities of those excipients, and be very rapidly dissolving at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8. However, for certain well-studied excipients, there appears to be opportunity for additional regulatory relief in future versions of the ICH BCS Guidance M9, such as not requiring that the quantities of these common excipients in the test and comparator be the same.
  • ||||||||||  levamisole / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Levamisole-induced (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 27, 2023   
    However, for certain well-studied excipients, there appears to be opportunity for additional regulatory relief in future versions of the ICH BCS Guidance M9, such as not requiring that the quantities of these common excipients in the test and comparator be the same. Levamisole exposure in cocaine users