diclofenac sodium topical solution 2% / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium topical solution 2%) / Nuvo Research, Horizon Therapeutics
    Journal:  Nanosuspensions and Microneedles Roller as a Combined Approach to Enhance Diclofenac Topical Bioavailability. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 2, 2020   
    Finally, DCF nanosuspensions were applied on newborn pig skin (in vitro) in combination with microneedles roller treatment, assessing the DCF penetration and distribution in the different skin layers. The relative contribution of microneedle length, nanosuspension stabilizer and application sequence could be identified by systemically varying these parameters.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon Therapeutics, diclofenac / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Pharmacoeconomic Benefits of over-the-Counter Topical Diclofenac in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate ACUTE PAIN or Injury and Short-TERM PAIN Associated with Chronic Conditions in Germany () -  Oct 3, 2020 - Abstract #ISPOREU2020ISPOR-EU_1208;    
    METHODS : The analysis compares topical diclofenac OTC as first-line treatment with an indication-specific mixture of alternative OTC treatments (Topical Ibuprofen, comfrey-based topical, heatwraps, Systemic Ibuprofen, or other Systemic OTC)...The chronic indication showed a 4.9% increase in costs (€10,383,830) but provided an additional 1,724.1 QALYs. For the both acute and chronic indications topical diclofenac OTC was associated with fewer work productivity hours lost, days not at full health, and physician visits.CONCLUSIONS : Use of topical diclofenac OTC vs. alternate OTC treatment mixtures as first-line treatment in Germany results in either cost savings (acute indication) or a relatively low incremental cost for the number of additional QALYs generated, with work productivity benefits and reduced use of healthcare resources.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon Therapeutics, diclofenac / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Pharmacoeconomic Benefits of over-the-Counter Topical Diclofenac in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate ACUTE PAIN or Injury in Sweden () -  Oct 3, 2020 - Abstract #ISPOREU2020ISPOR-EU_692;    
    METHODS : The analysis compares use of topical diclofenac OTC as a first-line treatment option with a mixture of alternative OTC treatments (Topical Ibuprofen, Systemic Paracetamol, or other Systemic OTC)...topical diclofenac OTC was associated with 995,348 fewer work productivity hours lost, 2,903,097 fewer days not at full health, and 414,728 fewer physician visits. CONCLUSIONS : Use of topical diclofenac OTC vs. alternate OTC treatment mixtures as a first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate acute pain or injury in Sweden results in cost savings, work productivity benefits, and reduced use of healthcare resources.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon Therapeutics, diclofenac / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Visualization of Epidermal Reservoir Formation from Topical Diclofenac Gels by Raman Spectroscopy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 6, 2020   
    The Raman images evidenced that the studied topical gels deliver diclofenac through the stratum corneum skin barrier and form a drug depot localized in the epidermis. The data are in line with earlier clinical findings that this depot acts like a true reservoir and enables sustained drug release.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon Therapeutics, diclofenac / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Topical Diclofenac, an Efficacious Treatment for Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 23, 2020   
    This narrative review explores existing evidence in these areas and identifies the gaps where further research is needed. Based on our findings, topical NSAIDs such as diclofenac should be considered as a guideline-supported, generally well-tolerated, and effective first-line treatment option for knee and hand OA, especially for older patients and those who have comorbid conditions and/or risk factors for various systemic (gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or cardiovascular) adverse events associated with oral NSAIDs, particularly at high doses and with long-term use.
  • ||||||||||  diclofenac / Generic mfg.
    Managing Heterotopic Ossification In A Patient With Gastritis And High Bleeding Risk: A Case Report () -  Feb 11, 2020 - Abstract #ISPRM2020ISPRM_1184;    
    We were not able to find any case reports in the literature where topical diclofenac gel was used in the management of HO. Conclusions : While HO remains a commonly encountered secondary complication in SCI, this case re presents a potential alternative to oral/systemic administration of NSAIDs if contraindicated by a patient's medical condition.
  • ||||||||||  diclofenac / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Hydrogel increases diclofenac skin permeation and absorption. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 23, 2019   
    We demonstrated that even a single dose of diclofenac can impair renal perfusion, which could be detrimental in patients with underlying chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury. The transdermal transit of diclofenac from the hydrogel demonstrated a faster onset and a greater absorption rate than either emulsion gel formulation, suggesting that the hydrogel formulation may have a faster onset of action in underlying tissues vs. the emulsion gel products.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon
    Clinical, Journal:  Elevated Transaminases with Topical Diclofenac: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 1, 2019   
    Using a widely accepted drug reaction causality instrument, a rating of "definite" was assigned given the temporal sequence of drug exposure and transaminase changes. Further study is warranted to better guide prescribing of topical NSAIDs.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon
    Journal:  Topical Diclofenac Reprograms Metabolism and Immune Cell Infiltration in Actinic Keratosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 25, 2019   
    P4
    Our study clearly demonstrated that not only cancers but also pre-malignant skin lesions, like AK, exhibit profound changes in metabolism, correlating with an altered immune infiltrate. Diclofenac normalizes metabolism, immune cell infiltration and function in AK lesions, suggesting a novel mechanism of action.
  • ||||||||||  diclofenac / generics
    Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Safety of Topical Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 11, 2019   
    ...The same results were achieved with topical diclofenac, largely driven by an increase in skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.96-3.10), although the difference was not statistically significant compared with placebo...Topical NSAIDs may be considered safe in the management of OA, especially with regard to low gastrointestinal toxicity. The use of topical NSAIDs in OA should be considered, taking into account their risk: benefit profile in comparison with other anti-OA treatments.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon
    Journal:  Importance of the formulation in the skin delivery of topical diclofenac: not all topical diclofenac formulations are the same. (Pubmed Central) -  May 23, 2019   
    A topical diclofenac product with a higher concentration of the active ingredient does not necessarily lead to greater absorption relative to a product with lower concentration of the active ingredient but different characteristics. These observations highlight the importance of considering parameters beyond drug concentration, such as composition, which may influence the solubility of the drug and permeation of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • ||||||||||  Pennsaid 2% (diclofenac sodium) / Nuvo Research, Horizon
    Journal:  The Distinction of Hot Herbal Compress, Hot Compress, and Topical Diclofenac as Myofascial Pain Syndrome Treatment. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2019   
    All treatments showed significantly decreased level of pain intensity and increased cervical range of motion, while the intervention groups exhibited extraordinary capability compared with the topical diclofenac group in pressure pain threshold and quality of life. In summary, hot herbal compress holds promise to be an efficacious treatment parallel to hot compress and topical diclofenac.