zidovudine / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg., tamoxifen / Generic mfg., irinotecan / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Difficult Liver Pathology Cases for a Difficult Year - Liu () -  Feb 15, 2021 - Abstract #USCAP2021USCAP_5;    
    In patients with hepatic steatosis, encephalopathy and hyperammonemia, rare monogenic disease such as urea cycle disorders should be considered and ruled out by taking detailed family history, protein aversion, and screened by appropriate lab tests. In pregnant woman, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and HELLP syndrome should also be included as possibilities for hepatic steatosis.
  • ||||||||||  dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Mylan, Hetero, Macleods
    [VIRTUAL] Viral Suppression and CD4 counts with transition to TDF/3TC/DTG (TLD) () -  Feb 7, 2021 - Abstract #HIVR4P2021HIVR4P_367;    
    Follow up testing is needed to characterize the loss of viral suppression particularly regarding any acquisition of DTG resistance–associated mutations. Transition to TLD is generally safe without loss of viral suppression, but VL monitoring continues to be important to identify and treat patients who are not suppressed and therefore at risk for HIV transmission.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Preventing vertical HIV virus transmission: hospital care assessment. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 3, 2021   
    Transition to TLD is generally safe without loss of viral suppression, but VL monitoring continues to be important to identify and treat patients who are not suppressed and therefore at risk for HIV transmission. important prevention opportunities were missed, pointing to the need for improved care.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Early cardiac dysfunction in children and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2021   
    We also observed missed opportunities for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. Over one-quarter of children and young adults living with HIV demonstrated evidence of cardiac dysfunction, which may be associated with increasing levels of systemic inflammation.
  • ||||||||||  Lamprene (clofazimine) / Novartis
    Biomarker, Review, Journal:  L-Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Precision Medicine. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 22, 2021   
    The aim of this review is to collect and interpret the literature evidence supporting the clinical biomarker application of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines. Further study of these metabolites could ultimately provide mechanistic insights that guide therapeutic decisions and elucidate new pharmacologic targets.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel delivery based anionic linear globular dendrimerg2-zidovudine nano-conjugate significantly decreased retroviral activity. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 9, 2021   
    Then, Anionic Linear Globular DendrimerG2-Zidovudine Nano-Conjugate was assessed on human normal cells (toxicity assay by XTT test) and also HIV cell model and the results showed that Anionic Linear Globular DendrimerG2-Zidovudine Nano-Conjugate Significantly Decreased Retroviral Activity without any human cell toxicity respectively. Based on current experimental data such nano-compositions is proposed for further in vivo anti-HIV assays as well.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Regional distributions of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward estradiol and serotonin in the liver and small intestine of cynomolgus macaques. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2021   
    In this study, UGT activities were analyzed in liver (five lobes) and small intestine (the duodenum and six sections from the proximal jejunum to the distal ileum) using typical probe substrates of human UGTs: 7-hydroxycoumarin, estradiol, serotonin, propofol, and zidovudine...The localization of estradiol 3-O-glucuronosyltransferases and serotonin O-glucuronosyltransferases (which are mainly UGT1A enzymes) appear to be different in liver and small intestine. These results collectively suggest that, in cynomolgus macaques, UGT1As are differentially localized in the small intestine but are relatively homogeneously distributed in the liver.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Arginine-259 of UDP-glycosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) confers UDP-sugar selectivity. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2020   
    Consistent with the MD simulations, substitution of Arg259 with Leu resulted in the loss of morphine, 4-methylumbelliferone, and zidovudine glucuronidation activity, but morphine glucosidation was preserved...Significance Statement Despite the importance of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in drug and chemical metabolism, cofactor binding interactions are incompletely understood as is the molecular basis for preferential glucuronidation by UGT1 and UGT2 family enzymes. Using a UGT2B7 homology model, this study demonstrated that long timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to identify key binding interactions of a UGT protein with cofactors that may provide a basis for the application of MD simulations to the elucidation of UGT-aglycone interactions.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Prevalence and factors associated with physical function limitation in older West African people living with HIV. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 15, 2020   
    As in western countries, physical function limitation is now part of the burden of HIV disease complications of older PLHIV living in West Africa, putting this population at risk for disability. How to screen those impairments and integrate their management in the standards of care should be investigated, and specific research on developing adapted daily physical activity program might be conducted.
  • ||||||||||  Beleodaq (belinostat) / Aurobindo, Assertio
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Belinostat Therapy With Zidovudine for Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Dec 7, 2020   
    P2,  N=20, Recruiting, 
    Risk management through efficient wastewater collection, conveyance, and treatment is necessary to suppress the measured concentrations. Trial completion date: Dec 2021 --> Dec 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Dec 2022
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Drug Repurposing Approaches to Combating Viral Infections. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 28, 2020   
    The first successful example of drug repurposing is zidovudine (AZT), which was developed as an anti-cancer agent in the 1960s and was later approved by the US FDA as an anti-HIV therapeutic drug in the late 1980s after fast track clinical trials...Hence, an extensive application of the drug repurposing approach will not only help to fight the current pandemics more efficiently but also predict and prepare for newly emerging viral infections. In this review, we discuss in detail the drug repurposing approach and its advancements related to viral infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN THE CENTRAL-WEST REGION OF MINAS GERAIS () -  Nov 26, 2020 - Abstract #HEMO2020HEMO_733;    
    The low prevalence of anemia in the studied patients is relevant information since this disorder has been associated with a worsening of the clinical condition and is related to the increased risk of death in HIV-infected patients. In view of the relevance of anemia in this context, further studies should investigate this association to prevent and treat anemia in people living with HIV.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] THE IMPORTANCE OF TRACING FAMILIES OF PATIENTS WITH ADULT T-CELL LYMPHOMA ASSOCIATED WITH HTLV () -  Nov 26, 2020 - Abstract #HEMO2020HEMO_352;    
    Acute leukemic form of ATL was considered and therapy based on zidovudine and interferon-alpha was instituted with temporary improvement in clinical status... Consideration for measures aimed at early diagnosis and dissemination of knowledge of the natural history of HTLV1 infection are fundamental measures for controlling HTLV1 infection and, thus, minimizing potentially serious complications of the infection.
  • ||||||||||  tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Incidence of hypertension among persons living with HIV in China: a multicenter cohort study. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 3, 2020   
    P=N/A, P4
    Recent low CD4+/CD8+ ratio and detectable HIV viremia were associated with incident hypertension, whereas receipt of ART was associated with reduced risk. Hypertension may be mitigated, in part, by excellent HIV care, including viral suppression with ART.
  • ||||||||||  Lamprene (clofazimine) / Novartis
    Review, Journal:  Medication-Induced Oral Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 1, 2020   
    Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation was most frequent among women and in the hard palate. Future research is warranted to better understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation in order to reassure patients during prescription and management.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment at Ayder Specialized Hospital, Mekele, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 1, 2020   
    This study was aimed at determining the magnitude, severity and associated factors of anemia among HIV infected patients taking zidovudine and tenofovir-containing first-line HAART in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekele, Ethiopia...We find that the prevalence of anemia was significantly higher among patients taking ZDV-containing regimen. But different risk factors for anemia had been identified among ZDV-containing regimen, showing that appropriate follow-up, nutritional supplementation, continuous evaluation of patients on cotrimoxazole intake can reduce the risks of anemia in both types of regimens.
  • ||||||||||  Prezista (darunavir) / J&J
    Journal:  The HIV protease inhibitor darunavir prevents kidney injury via HIV-independent mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2020   
    RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that darunavir suppressed HIV-induced upregulation of immune response genes in human kidney cells. These data demonstrate that darunavir protects against HIV-induced renal injury via mechanisms that are independent of inhibition of HIV protease.
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Bile duct ligation enhances AZT CNS toxicity partly by impairing the expression and function of BCRP in rat brain. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2020   
    Since zidovudine (AZT) is BCRP substrate, we investigated whether impaired expression and function of BCRP increased brain distribution and toxicity of AZT in BDL-D7 rats...AZT-induced CNS adverse alterations in BDL rats were not observed in SO rats treated with AZT. In conclusion, BDL decreases the function and expression of brain BCRP in rats, leading to increased brain distribution of AZT, which in turn enhances AZT CNS toxicity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal damage, and ultimately cognitive dysfunction.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
    Trial completion, Trial completion date:  Tocilizumab for KSHV-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Oct 27, 2020   
    P2,  N=8, Completed, 
    In conclusion, BDL decreases the function and expression of brain BCRP in rats, leading to increased brain distribution of AZT, which in turn enhances AZT CNS toxicity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal damage, and ultimately cognitive dysfunction. Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2023 --> Oct 2020
  • ||||||||||  zidovudine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Vertical transmission of HIV from 2007 to 2018 in a reference university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2020   
    There was no association between amniorrhexis and MTCT (p=0.99), with the Apgar score in the 5th minute of life (p=0.96), with marital status (p=0.54), ethnicity (p=0.65), adolescence (p=0.42), mode of delivery (p=0.99), beginning of prenatal care (p=0.44) or with maternal comorbidities (p=0.48). The conclusion of the study points out that the main factors associated with MTCT are the elevated maternal viral load in the 3rd trimester, the time of use of ART and the non-administration of zidovudine for the newborns.
  • ||||||||||  Ledipasvir (GS-5885) / Gilead, Daklinza (daclatasvir) / BMS
    [VIRTUAL] EFFICACY, TOLERABILITY AND COMPLIANCE OF DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRALS IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C AND HIV CO-INFECTION: REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN INDIA () -  Oct 11, 2020 - Abstract #AASLD2020AASLD_908;    
    Dose modifications of DAAs (Daclatasvir and Ledipasvir) were done depending on interactions with concurrent ART regimen...ART regimen comprised of a combination of Tenofovir(T), Lamivudine(L), Efavirenz (E), Nevirapine (N), and/or Zidovudine (Z) at standard dosage and modifications as applicable to individual patients [TLE: 63(82.9%), ZLN:11(14.5%) and ZLE: 2(2.6%)]... HCV-HIV coinfected patients demonstrate excellent SVR12 rates and tolerability with available DAAs; however, dismal proportion of these patients seek and complete their treatment, outlining the need of better counselling, screening and outreach programs among this high-risk group of patients.
  • ||||||||||  lamivudine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  HIV-1 re-suppression on a first-line regimen despite the presence of phenotypic drug resistance. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 10, 2020   
    HIV- 1 infected patients on an NNRTI-based regimen can achieve viral re-suppression on the same regimen despite harbouring viruses with genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance. However, re-suppression was less durable in those with resistance, reinforcing the importance of appropriate regimen choices, ongoing viral load monitoring and adherence counselling.