Glucocorticoid Receptor 

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  • ||||||||||  Efmody (hydrocortisone modified release) / Neurocrine
    Trial withdrawal:  RESTORE: Open-label Comparison of Chronocort (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    P3,  N=0, Withdrawn, 
    Trial primary completion date: Sep 2021 --> May 2022 Terminated --> Withdrawn
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The mode of dexamethasone decoration influences Avidin-nucleic-acid-Nano-assembly organ biodistribution and in vivo drug persistence. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Once injected in healthy mice, dexamethasone location in the PEGylated ANANAS outer layer favors liver penetration and resident macrophages uptake, while drug Hz-Hz, but not Cb-Hz, short spacing prolongs drug availability. In conclusion, the tight modulation of ANANAS decoration can significantly influence the host interaction, paving the way for the development of steroid nanoformulations suitable for different pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  TOX4, an insulin receptor-independent regulator of hepatic glucose production, is activated in diabetic liver. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Here, we show that cAMP and dexamethasone regulate the high-mobility group superfamily member TOX4 to mediate HGP, independent of the insulin receptor/FoxO1 pathway...In the latter two murine models, knockdown Tox4 decreases glycemia and improves glucose tolerance. We conclude that TOX4 is an insulin receptor-independent regulator of HGP and a candidate contributor to the pathophysiology of diabetes.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Pathogenic changes in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in a steroid-insensitive asthma model of mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Development of airway eosinophilia and remodeling in 5-μg OVA model were significantly suppressed by 1 mg/kg dexamethasone, whereas those in 500-μg OVA model were relatively insensitive to the dose of dexamethasone...IL-5 was mainly produced from ILC2s, phenotype of which had been pathogenically altered probably through the up-regulation of TSLP receptors. IL-5 blockage could be a useful therapeutic strategy for steroid-resistant asthma.
  • ||||||||||  methylprednisolone sodium succinate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney odds ratio: A statistical measure for ordinal outcomes such as EDSS. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Further, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Odds allows intuitive description of the progression of large cohorts over time, and we were able to clearly convey the odds of mobility and cognitive decline over 30 years in a large multiple sclerosis cohort. Overall, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Odds is a powerful and robust statistical test with significant promise within the field of multiple sclerosis.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  CD44/ERM/F-actin complex mediates targeted nuclear degranulation and excessive neutrophil extracellular trap formation during sepsis. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    This process can be effectively inhibited by dexamethasone and accompanied by the continuous low levels of MPO in the nucleus after PMA stimulation...Taken together, these findings indicate for the first time that delayed 'targeted nuclear degranulation' after neutrophil activation is a key mechanism of NET formation. CD44/ERM/F-actin complex mediates this process, which providing targets with promising prospects for the precise regulation of NET formation.
  • ||||||||||  captopril / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Captopril alleviates glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by mediating the ACE2/ Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor cascade. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    In vivo experiments showed that CAP prevented MPS-induced osteonecrosis, attenuated inflammation levels, and corrected bone metabolism and bone loss while reversing MPS-induced upregulation of ACE1, AT1-receptor, and RANKL expression and downregulation of ACE2, Mas-receptor, and osteoprotegerin expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that CAP exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and osteoprotective effects against GIONFH by activating the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor signaling pathway, which expands a new strategy for the treatment of orthopedic diseases.
  • ||||||||||  remdesivir / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in intensive care units (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    The value of immunomodulatory therapy such as dexamethasone is undisputed. Interleukin‑6 antagonists, on the other hand, are rather problematic for ICU patients, and for Janus kinase inhibitors, data and experience are still insufficient in this context.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Targeted co-delivery biomimetic nanoparticles reverse macrophage polarization for enhanced rheumatoid arthritis therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    To restore this balance, in our study, the interleukin-10 encoding anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 pDNA) and chemotherapeutic drug dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) were co-loaded into human serum albumin (HSA) preparing pDNA/DSP-NPs to actively target macrophages in synovium tissue to promote M1-M2 polarization...The synergistic treatment effect of IL-10 pDNA and DSP in this system was achieved by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β) and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) to promote the M1-M2 polarization of macrophages. Our strategy is promising for co-delivery of gene drugs and chemical drugs by biomimetic natural materials to promote macrophages polarization so that to achieve synergically treatment of inflammatory disease.
  • ||||||||||  fluticasone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Human Lung Mast Cells Impair Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Conditioned media from resting or FcεR1-activated human lung mast cells were incubated with serum-deprived ASM cells (1:4 dilution, 24 h) to determine their impact on the anti-inflammatory action of fluticasone on ASM cell chemokine expression induced by TNFα (10 ng/ml)...Our study demonstrates for the first time that conditioned media from FcεR1-activated mast cells blunt the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids in ASM cells by altering their transactivation properties. Because infiltration of mast cells within the ASM bundles is a defining feature of asthma, mast cell-derived mediators may contribute to the glucocorticoid insensitivity present in severe asthma.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    COVID-19 patients are characterized by increased levels of immune cell membrane-bound and soluble CD48 (Exhibit Hall; P164) -  Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2022IMMUNOLOGY_2253;    
    CD48 expression was evaluated in tissue sections collected at autopsies of lethal COVID-19 at the first wave (patients not being exposed to high dose dexamethasone), and on peripheral blood leukocytes and in sera of COVID-19 patients by gene expression profiling (autoimmune panel pf HTG), IHC, flow-cytometry and ELISA...Positive correlation was found between mCD48 levels on monocytes and sCD48 release. Since both mCD48 and sCD48 are significantly increased in COVID-19, a specific a role for CD48 in COVID-19 can be assumed, suggesting it as a potential target for therapy.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Epigenetic regulation of inflammatory genes involving histone methylation is associated with hyperimmune response in COVID-19 patients (Exhibit Hall; P322) -  Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2022IMMUNOLOGY_1755;    
    Interestingly, we found that the majority of those altered genes were in the dexamethasone targeting pathway...Overall, this study has identified genes in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients with altered histone mark and gene expression profile, providing important information towards identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19 disease. (Supported by NIH grants P01AT003961, P20GM103641, R01AT006888, R01ES030144, R01AI129788 and R01AI123947 to P.S.N and M.N.)
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Differential regulation of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) orthologs by mycobacterial ligands (Exhibit Hall; P299) -  Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2022IMMUNOLOGY_1114;    
    MGL-1 expression is activated by dexamethasone, IL-4, IL-10, and the mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate...Use of a MyD88 inhibitor further showed that molecular regulation of MGL-1 and MGL-2 transcription, following exposure of macrophages to mycobacteria, is TLR pathway-dependent. These results identify overlapping and unique host immune pathways that differentially activate MGL orthologues following exposure to Mtb and could be targeted through immune modulation.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    C-type lectin receptor MGL-1 in SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis (Exhibit Hall; P273) -  Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2022IMMUNOLOGY_519;    
    Dexamethasone, a clinical treatment commonly used to mitigate the hyperinflammatory response in individuals with COVID-19, is also a positive stimulus for MGL expression...Further investigations to determine differences in cellular recruitment and lung pathology in the absence of MGL-1 are warranted. In addition, assessment of a role for the MGL-2 orthologue expressed by murine myeloid cells may identify roles for MGL pathways in SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and pathogenesis.
  • ||||||||||  Krystexxa (pegloticase) / Amgen
    Enrollment open:  A Study Exploring Efficacy of Pegloticase in Subjects With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    P1,  N=45, Recruiting, 
    In addition, assessment of a role for the MGL-2 orthologue expressed by murine myeloid cells may identify roles for MGL pathways in SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and pathogenesis. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  Decadron (dexamethasone) / Merck (MSD)
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Combination therapy:  A Comparison of Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone for Ultrasound-guided Occipital C2 Nerve Blocks (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 7, 2022   
    P4,  N=75, Active, not recruiting, 
    Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2024
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment change, Trial withdrawal, Surgery:  MitralPOCS: Post-operative Corticosteroid Treatment After Mitral Valve Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 7, 2022   
    P2/3,  N=0, Withdrawn, 
    Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2024 N=240 --> 0 | Active, not recruiting --> Withdrawn