Adrenergic Receptor 

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  • ||||||||||  aripiprazole / Generic mfg., escitalopram / Generic mfg., clozapine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Dual Atypical Antipsychotics in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Correctional Case Report and Review of Literature. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 21, 2024   
    In this article, we present a putative case where we believe that a combination regimen of paliperidone palmitate, oral aripiprazole, and escitalopram led to a notable mitigation of both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in the case of an incarcerated patient with TRS, as well as an improvement in functional stability, which was conducive to housing in a less restrictive setting. A brief review of the published literature follows the report.
  • ||||||||||  Exxua (gepirone ER) - Fabre / Kramer
    Journal:  Gepirone (Exxua) for depression. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 21, 2024   
    We hypothesize that gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor agonists may be beneficial in the management of acute metamfetamine toxicity. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  propranolol / Generic mfg.
    Trial initiation date:  Propranolol in Primary Progressive Aphasia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 21, 2024   
    P1,  N=20, Recruiting, 
    Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting Initiation date: May 2024 --> Oct 2024
  • ||||||||||  dextroamphetamine extended release capsule / Generic mfg., tranylcypromine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 21, 2024   
    We suspect phenylethylamine, found in Psilocybe cubensis and other species of psilocybin mushrooms, interacted with tranylcypromine and dextroamphetamine-amphetamine to produce this hypertensive emergency. Patients prescribed MAOIs should be warned of the potential for hypertensive emergency when consuming psilocybin mushrooms, particularly when also prescribed norepinephrine releasers such as dextroamphetamine-amphetamine.
  • ||||||||||  atomoxetine / Generic mfg., midodrine hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Use of Accelerometer for Quantification of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension Symptoms (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 21, 2024   
    P=N/A,  N=29, Recruiting, 
    Patients prescribed MAOIs should be warned of the potential for hypertensive emergency when consuming psilocybin mushrooms, particularly when also prescribed norepinephrine releasers such as dextroamphetamine-amphetamine. Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jun 2025
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg., epinephrine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Improving croup management at a pediatric emergency department. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 20, 2024   
    The primary outcome of this QI initiative was to reduce nebulized epinephrine (NE) use among children with mild croup by 50% over 7?months...Other outcomes included the administration of dexamethasone to all children with croup, reduction of antibiotics, laboratory tests, and revisits, and shortening the duration between physical examination to dexamethasone and NE treatments, and the length of stay (LOS) at the PED...With this QI intervention,decreases in the rate of administration of NE to mild croup cases, antibioticprescription, X-ray, laboratory blood and respiratory PCR panel tests in allcroup cases were achieved without an increase in revisits. However, unnecessaryNE, antibiotic, and X-ray rates are still high.
  • ||||||||||  Qelbree (viloxazine) / Supernus Pharma, Knight Therap, BLI-1008 / ABVC BioPharma
    Journal:  The role of adrenergic neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors in the ADHD armamentarium. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 20, 2024   
    Adrenergic neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors fit the diverse needs of children and adolescents with ADHD with 1) poor tolerability to stimulants (e.g. due to growth suppression, insomnia, rebound irritability, co-morbid depression, anxiety and tic disorders, substance abuse or diversion concerns), 2) cardiac risks, and/or 3) need for extended duration of action. Their differences in receptor affinities and modulating effects support the unique benefits of individual agents.
  • ||||||||||  propranolol / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Review, Journal:  Preclinical Studies on Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Propranolol in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 20, 2024   
    This systematic review demonstrates that propranolol may be therapeutic in TBI by improving cognitive and motor function while regulating T lymphocyte response and levels of myocardial reactive oxygen species. Oral or intravenous injection of propranolol following TBI is associated with improved cerebral perfusion, reduced neuroinflammation, reduced immunodeficiency, and cardio-neuroprotection in preclinical studies.
  • ||||||||||  propranolol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  CENPF May Act as a Novel Marker and Highlight the Influence of Pericyte in Infantile Hemangioma. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 20, 2024   
    However, a challenge persists, as the unique biological behavior of IH remains elusive, despite its general sensitivity to propranolol treatment...Tumor expansion and shrinkage may be due to the proliferation, reduction, and differentiation of Hem-Pericytes. In conclusion, we speculate CENPF as a novel marker for clinical pathological diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target, fostering advancements in drug development.
  • ||||||||||  esmolol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Case report: Naturally occurring neurogenic stunned myocardium in a dog secondary to status epilepticus. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    Neurogenic stunned myocardium was suspected, and the patient was treated and responded to esmolol...This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment, management, and outcome of the first reported case of naturally occurring neurogenic stunned myocardium in a dog. Electrocardiogram monitoring, cardiac troponin I, and echocardiography should be considered in patients presenting with seizure activity, especially when exhibiting cluster seizures or in status epilepticus.
  • ||||||||||  Cabometyx (cabozantinib tablet) / Exelixis, Ipsen, Bystolic (nebivolol) / Menarini, AbbVie
    Preclinical, Journal:  Combining supervised and unsupervised analyses to quantify behavioral phenotypes and validate therapeutic efficacy in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    Here, we identify age- and genotype-driven differences between 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic control mice using a low-cost, highly customizable behavioral assay that requires little human intervention. Through behavioral phenotyping combining both supervised and unsupervised behavioral classification methods, we are able to validate the preventative effects of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the partially ameliorating effects of candidate drugs nebivolol and cabozantinib.
  • ||||||||||  propranolol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cardiac Evaluation before and after Oral Propranolol Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    There was no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic function and electrocardiographic data after treatment. Propranolol treatment ?6 months was effective and safe without significant cardiac toxicity in the treatment of patients with infantile hemangiomas.
  • ||||||||||  Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) / Novartis, ROVI Pharmaceuticals Laboratories
    Journal:  Guideline-Optimised Treatment in Heart Failure-Do Higher Doses Reduce Systemic Inflammation More Significantly? (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    This effect was obtained only in the medium (49/51 mg, bi daily) and high (97/103 mg, bi daily) doses, with the maximum reduction being observed in the high dose. From the classes of medication evaluated, the study showed a significant reduction in ESR levels in the low and medium doses of carvedilol and a reduction in CRP values in the cases of medium and high doses of ARNI.
  • ||||||||||  epinephrine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effects of Transportation on Blood Indices, Oxidative Stress, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Rumen Microbiota in Goats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    The results showed that after transportation, the contents of IgM, IgA, IgG, and Thyroxine decreased very significantly, while the contents of propionic acid, Hemoglobin and Epinephrine significantly increased, and the contents of VFA, acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, LPS, IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, Major Acute Phase Protein, protein carbonyl, and cortisol increased very significantly...The experimental findings revealed that continuous transportation for a duration of 20 h can induce a severe stress response in goats, leading to compromised immune function, diminished antioxidant capacity, escalated inflammatory response, and altered rumen fermentation indices. However, the experiment did not reveal any significant impact on the structure and composition of the rumen microbiota.
  • ||||||||||  methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Neurological Effects of Stimulants and Hallucinogens. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    Psychostimulants are a class of drugs that includes cocaine, methamphetamine/amphetamines, and cathinones, among others, which produce a crescendoing euphoric high...Recognizing the associated neurotoxicities and understanding the appropriate management is critical in caring for these patient populations. Several of these agents are not detectable by standard clinical laboratory analysis, making identification and diagnosis an even greater challenge.
  • ||||||||||  methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The impact of precursor regulations on illicit drug markets: An analysis of Cunningham et al.'s studies. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 19, 2024   
    Their research shows that the regulation of chemicals essential for the production of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine is associated with several positive outcomes...Cunningham's work can be considered one of the most substantial contributions in this field. However, to secure the full confidence of the drug policy community in the authenticity of their findings, they must effectively address the issues identified in this review.
  • ||||||||||  Eyevinal (ibudilast) / MediciNova
    Review, Journal, Immunomodulating:  Promising immunomodulators for management of substance and alcohol use disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2024   
    These immunomodulators are currently being investigated in clinical trials described herein, specifically for their potential to decrease substance use, withdrawal severity, central and peripheral inflammation, comorbid neuropsychiatric disorder symptomology, as well as their ability to improve cognitive outcomes. We argue that although mixed, findings from recent preclinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of immunomodulation in the treatment of the behavioral, cognitive, and inflammatory processes that underlie compulsive substance use.
  • ||||||||||  Qelbree (viloxazine) / Supernus Pharma, Knight Therap
    Review, Journal:  Recent advances in pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: moving beyond stimulants. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2024   
    Two others, clonidine ER and guanfacine ER, are only approved for children and adolescents in the US...Drugs in Phase 3 trials include centanafadine, solriamfetol, and L-threonic acid magnesium salt...Lack of individual drug response and tolerability are reasons many stop treatment. Development of new nonstimulants may offer hope for patients who need medication alternatives.
  • ||||||||||  propranolol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Label-Free Screening of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2024   
    Using hyperspectral SRS imaging together with spectral phasor analysis, our label-free methodology corroborated the standard fluorescence-based assay for DILI. As a label-free screening method, it offers a convenient and expedient methodology for visualizing hepatotoxicity in cell cultures which could be integrated into the early stages of the drug development process for screening new chemical entities for DILI.
  • ||||||||||  epinephrine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Xenon Antiaggregant Effects. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2024   
    A slightly weaker but statistically significant reduction in aggregation appeared in response to ristocetin (by ?12%, p?0.01) and epinephrine (by ?9%, p?0.01)...Nevertheless, even at minimal absolute values, spontaneous platelet aggregation decreased by 2 times in response to xenon (p?0.01). The reasons for the decrease of spontaneous and induced aggregation are xenon accumulation in the lipid bilayer of the membrane with subsequent nonspecific (mechanical) disassociation of membrane platelet structures and specific block of its distinct from neuronal NMDA receptor.
  • ||||||||||  prazosin / Generic mfg.
    Targeting noradrenergic tone to compensate the glymphatic dysfunction in post-traumatic headaches after mild traumatic brain injury () -  Jun 18, 2024 - Abstract #AHS2024AHS_182;    
    The reasons for the decrease of spontaneous and induced aggregation are xenon accumulation in the lipid bilayer of the membrane with subsequent nonspecific (mechanical) disassociation of membrane platelet structures and specific block of its distinct from neuronal NMDA receptor. These results suggest noradrenergic tone as novel target to improve PTH symptoms and glymphatic function, potentially improving sleep disruption as therapeutic strategies for mTBI patients.
  • ||||||||||  carvedilol / Generic mfg., atenolol / Generic mfg., bisoprolol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Comparison of ?-blocker agents and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: an international cohort study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2024   
    These results were consistent upon stratification of patients by presence or absence of a prior history of cardiovascular disease. Among patients on maintenance hemodialysis who were newly prescribed ?-blocker medications, atenolol was associated with the lowest mortality risk compared with alternative agents.
  • ||||||||||  dofetilide / Generic mfg., sotalol / Generic mfg., amiodarone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A polygenic risk score for the QT interval is an independent predictor of drug-induced QT prolongation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 17, 2024   
    In conclusion, we found that PGS for QT interval is an independent predictor of diLQTS, but that in contrast to existing theories about repolarization reserve as a mechanism of increasing risk, the effect is independent of other clinical risk factors. More work is needed for external validation in clinical decision-making, as well as defining the mechanism through which genes that increase QT interval are associated with risk of diLQTS.