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  • ||||||||||  Fycompa (perampanel) / Eisai, Catalyst Pharma
    Journal:  Investigating the Effects of Perampanel on Autophagy-mediated Regulation of GluA2 and PSD95 in Epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 11, 2024   
    Our findings suggest that the downregulation of GluA2 following epileptic seizures involves the activation of autophagy and the regulation of CRTC1 nuclear translocation. These intrinsic molecular regulatory mechanisms provide potential targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate refractory epilepsy and preserve cognitive functions in patients.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Celastrol enhances the viability of random-pattern skin flaps by regulating autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 11, 2024   
    Additionally, CEL stimulated angiogenesis, suppressed apoptosis, and lowered oxidative stress levels immediately after elevated autophagy in ischemic regions; These effects can be reversed using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ)...This investigation suggests that CEL benefits the survival of RPSF by augmenting angiogenesis and impeding oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results are credited to increased autophagy, made possible by the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis activation.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Alcohol-induced Golgiphagy is triggered by the downregulation of Golgi GTPase RAB3D. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 9, 2024   
    In contrast to short-term exposure to HCQ, extended co-treatment with both EtOH and HCQ results in the depletion of LC3B protein via proteasomal degradation. Thus, (a) RAB3D deficiency and GOLGA4 conformational changes are pivotal in MYH9-driven, EtOH-mediated Golgiphagy, and (b) HCQ treatment holds promise as a therapeutic approach for alcohol-induced liver injury.Abbreviation: ACTB: actin, beta; ALD: alcohol-associated liver disease; ASGR: asialoglycoprotein receptor; AV: autophagic vacuoles; EM: electron microscopy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EtOH: ethanol; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; IP: immunoprecipitation; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MYH10/NMIIB: myosin, heavy polypeptide 10, non-muscle; MYH9/NMIIA: myosin, heavy polypeptide 9, non-muscle; PLA: proximity ligation assay; ORO: Oil Red O staining; PM: plasma membrane; TGN: trans-Golgi network; SIM: structured illumination super-resolution microscopy.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., temozolomide / Generic mfg.
    Journal, PARP Biomarker, Tumor cell:  Autophagy inhibition suppresses hormone production and cell growth in pituitary tumor cells: A potential approach to pituitary tumors. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2024   
    These results provide the theoretical basis for applying melittin in CRF therapy. Although temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, is a first-line medical treatment for aggressive PTs, some PTs are resistant to TMZ...Treatment with two additional autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine (CQ) and monensin, demonstrated similar effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ACTH production in AtT-20
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Autophagy and senescence facilitate the development of antiestrogen resistance in ER positive breast cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2024   
    Unfortunately, effective strategies to target these cell survival pathways have not yet been successfully developed. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued interrogation of autophagy and "reversible" senescence in clinically relevant breast cancer models with the long-term goal of identifying new molecular targets for improved treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
  • ||||||||||  Biomarker, Journal, Tumor microenvironment, IO biomarker:  CDKL3 shapes immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and initiates autophagy in esophageal cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 6, 2024   
    And, radiation could downregulate CDKL3 expression and autophagy induction, while ESCC patients with high CDKL3 expression had a significantly lower response rate after nCRT than those with low CDKL3 expression. CDKL3 may play an important role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating autophagy to promote the formation of immunosuppressive TME, thus playing a critical role in the prognosis of ESCA.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Mitophagy and spermatogenesis: Role and mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2024   
    Furthermore, studies have shown that inhibited autophagy-infected spermatozoa had reduced motility and increased amounts of phosphorylated PINK1, TOM20, caspase 3/7, and AMPK. Therefore, in terms of reproductive physiology, mitophagy is the removal of mitochondria derived from sperm and the following preservation of mitochondria that are exclusively maternal.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Naringenin alleviates liver ?brosis by triggering autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2024   
    In BDL model mice, naringenin demonstrated a mitigating effect on liver fibrosis, suggesting a potential correlation with naringenin-induced ferroptosis of HSCs. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of naringenin-induced ferroptosis and highlight autophagy-dependent ferroptosis as a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
  • ||||||||||  erastin - Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Dana / Farber Cancer Institute, Columbia University, Prolexys
    Journal:  Sestrin2 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating autophagy and ferroptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2024   
    Animal experiments also confirmed the results of cell experiments and attenuated the effects of overexpression of Sestrin2 after injection of the ferroptosis activators erastin or 3-MA. Our study revealed that Sestrin2 inhibits ferroptosis by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and ER stress and promoting autophagy levels, thereby alleviating DR.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Crosstalk between m6A modification and autophagy in cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 4, 2024   
    m6A modification can either directly inhibit autophagy or promote its initiation, but the complex relationship between m6A modification, autophagy, and cancer remains poorly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to review the dual role of m6A and autophagy in cancer, explore the impact of m6A modification on autophagy regulation, and discuss the crucial role of the m6A modification-autophagy axis in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy-mediated degradation of integumentary tapetum is critical for embryo pattern formation. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2024   
    Furthermore, high-throughput, comprehensive lipidomic analyzes uncovered an unexpected seed-developmental-stage-dependent role of autophagy in seed lipid metabolism: it contributes to triacylglycerol degradation before fertilization and to triacylglycerol biosynthesis after fertilization. This study highlights the critical role of autophagy in regulating timely integumentary tapetum PCD and reveals its significance in seed lipid metabolism and viability.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Stellate Ganglion Block Reverses PHSML-induced Vascular Hypo-reactivity through Inhibiting Autophagy-mediated Phenotypic Transformation of VSMCs. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2024   
    We also investigated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of PHSML intravenous infusion and the autophagy agonist rapamycin (RAPA) on the beneficial effect of SGB...Importantly, 3-MA administration reversed the adverse effects of PHSML, and RAPA treatment attenuated the effects of PHSML-SGB incubation on VSMCs. Taken together, the protective effect of SGB on vascular reactivity is achieved by inhibiting excessive autophagy-mediated phenotypic transformation of VSMCs to maintain their contractile phenotype.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  RACK1 promotes autophagy via the PERK signaling pathway to protect against traumatic brain injury in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 31, 2024   
    Taken together, chronic MC-LR exposure induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, inhibited primary bile acid biosynthesis, and caused fatty deposition in the liver of Nile tilapia. Our findings indicate that RACK1 protected against TBI-induced neuronal damage partly through autophagy induction by regulating the PERK signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Rapamycin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 30, 2024   
    In addition, rapamycin also significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and anxious behaviors found in anti-NMDAR encephalitis mice. Thus, our study reveals the vital role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological mechanism of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and lays a theoretical foundation for rapamycin to become a clinically targeted drug for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Indole-3-carboxaldehyde alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via PKA activation. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 29, 2024   
    To clarify the potential mechanism, NRK-52E cells induced by DDP was used and the results proved that H-89 could blocked the improvement with IC effectively in vitro. Our findings showed that IC has the potential to treat cisplatin-induced AKI, and its role in protecting the kidney was closely related to activating PKA, inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis, improving mitochondrial function, which could provide a theoretical basis for the development of new clinical drugs.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Rapamycin protects Sertoli cells against BPA-induced autophagy disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 29, 2024   
    Specifically, rapamycin can protect Sertoli cells against BPA-induced cell injury by promoting autophagy. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying reproductive toxicity caused by BPA.
  • ||||||||||  Regulation of autophagy and inflammasome signaling by HMGB1-mediated inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection (Exhibit Hall F1; Poster Board Number: B650) -  Mar 29, 2024 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2024IMMUNOLOGY_1128;    
    Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected lung epithelial cells with recombinant HMGB1 inhibited autophagy and pyroptosis via the activation of inflammasomes, and inhibited virus replication. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2-induced HMGB1 release mediates the activation of innate immune response to promote inflammation and could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to decrease the severity of COVID-19.
  • ||||||||||  p120 catenin enhances autophagy in macrophages via modulation of mTOR signaling pathway (Exhibit Hall F1; Poster Board Number: B702) -  Mar 29, 2024 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2024IMMUNOLOGY_858;    
    Collectively, our findings strongly suggest that p120 plays a pivotal role in fostering autophagy while concurrently hindering apoptosis in macrophages, achieved through modulation of the mTOR/ULK-1 signaling pathway in sepsis. This underscores the potential of targeting macrophage p120 as an innovative therapeutic avenue for treating inflammatory disorders.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Protective Effect of Vitamin K2 (MK-7) on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 27, 2024   
    Compared with the LPS group, VK2 improved histopathological changes; alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, and TJ injury; increased antioxidant enzyme activity; reduced Ca2+ overload; regulated mitochondrial function; and inhibited lung autophagy. These results indicate that VK2 could improve tight junction protein loss, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive autophagy, indicating that VK2 plays a beneficial role in ALI and might be a potential therapeutic strategy.