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  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Protective Effect of Vitamin K2 (MK-7) on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 27, 2024   
    Compared with the LPS group, VK2 improved histopathological changes; alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, and TJ injury; increased antioxidant enzyme activity; reduced Ca2+ overload; regulated mitochondrial function; and inhibited lung autophagy. These results indicate that VK2 could improve tight junction protein loss, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive autophagy, indicating that VK2 plays a beneficial role in ALI and might be a potential therapeutic strategy.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  RACK1 promotes autophagy via the PERK signaling pathway to protect against traumatic brain injury in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 27, 2024   
    In summary, the present study suggests that NR protects against autophagy by increasing the NAD+ content in the body via the sirt 1 pathway, although the sirt 1 pathway does not affect oxidative stress. Our findings indicate that RACK1 protected against TBI-induced neuronal damage partly through autophagy induction by regulating the PERK signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  ATG-101 / Antengene
    Journal:  Subversion of selective autophagy for the biogenesis of tombusvirus replication organelles inhibits autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 27, 2024   
    In addition, we observed that several core autophagy proteins, such as ATG1a, ATG4, ATG5, ATG101 and the plant-specific SH3P2 autophagy adaptor proteins were also re-localized to TBSV VROs, suggesting that TBSV hijacks the autophagy machinery in plant cells...We propose that the VRO-associated condensates trap those autophagy proteins, taking them away from the autophagy pathway. Overall, tombusviruses hijack selective autophagy to provide phospholipid-rich membranes for replication and to regulate the antiviral autophagic flux.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Phototoxicity of low doses of light and influence of the spectral composition on human RPE cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 26, 2024   
    We show that exposure to white light at a dose of 3.6 J/cm2 induces an alteration of the global cellular structure, DNA damage and an activation of cellular stress pathways. The exposure to blue light triggers DNA damage and the activation of autophagy, while exposure to red light modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits autophagy.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Gelatin but not type I collagen promotes bacteria phagocytosis in PMA-treated U937 human lymphoma cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2024   
    Inhibiting autophagy reduced the phagocytosis of bacteria, in cells with gelatin-coating, while stimulating autophagy enhanced phagocytosis. This study finds the bacteria-phagocytosis stimulatory effect of gelatin in PMA-treated U937 cells and reveals the positive regulatory role of autophagy, predicting the potential use of gelatin products in anti-bacterial therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, IO biomarker:  Targeting autophagy overcomes cancer-intrinsic resistance to CAR-T immunotherapy in B-cell malignancies. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2024   
    The nude mice xenograft model showed NPS-2143 could suppress glioma growth in These findings confirm that autophagy signaling in B-cell malignancies is essential for the effective cytotoxic function of CAR-T cells and thereby pave the way for the development of autophagy-targeting strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy.
  • ||||||||||  bleomycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  SPAUTIN-1 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-?B pathway in neutrophils. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2024   
    These findings confirm that autophagy signaling in B-cell malignancies is essential for the effective cytotoxic function of CAR-T cells and thereby pave the way for the development of autophagy-targeting strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy. SPAUTIN-1 alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury by inhibiting the NF-?B pathway in leukocytes and protected epithelial cells from oxidative damage, positioning it as a potential therapeutic candidate for ALI.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  MCOLN1/TRPML1 in the lysosome: a promising target for autophagy modulation in diverse diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 24, 2024   
    In summary, given the involvement of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of cancer and myocardial I/R injury, targeting MCOLN1 May provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Exploring the regulation of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in diverse diseases contexts will surely broaden our understanding of this pathway and offer its potential as a promising drug target.Abbreviation: CCCP:carbonyl cyanide3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ:chloroquine; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine;I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1:mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MLIV: mucolipidosis type IV; MTORC1:MTOR complex 1; ROS: reactive oxygenspecies; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  DMC triggers MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis via inhibiting protective autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by enhancing ROS level. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2024   
    Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and its mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) were also decreased after 30??M DMC incubating for 24?h...The inhibition of autophagy flow and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could be reversed after being treated with ROS scavenger NAC. Altogether, the results of the present study suggest that DMC effectively induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells through blocking autophagy flow and regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by increasing ROS level.
  • ||||||||||  BMS-345541 / BMS
    Journal:  Calebin A modulates inflammatory and autophagy signals for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2024   
    To study the anti-degradative and anti-apoptotic effects of CA in an inflamed joint, an in vitro model of OA-EN was created and treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting NF-?B (ASO-NF-?B), and I?B kinase (IKK) inhibitor (BMS-345541) or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and/or CA to affect chondrocyte proliferation, degradation, apoptosis, and autophagy...However, the preventive properties of CA in OA-EN could be partially abrogated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. The present results reveal for the first time that CA is able to ameliorate the progression of OA by modulating autophagy pathway, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes, suggesting that CA may be a novel therapeutic compound for OA.
  • ||||||||||  pramipexole IR / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  ?-Asarone inhibitsAutophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in a Rat Model of Depression in Parkinson's Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2024   
    The present results reveal for the first time that CA is able to ameliorate the progression of OA by modulating autophagy pathway, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes, suggesting that CA may be a novel therapeutic compound for OA. We concluded that ?-asarone might improve the behavior of DPD model rats by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibiting autophagy and protecting neuron.
  • ||||||||||  p120 catenin enhances autophagy in macrophages via modulation of mTOR signaling pathway (Room W176) -  Mar 22, 2024 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2024IMMUNOLOGY_122;    
    Collectively, our findings strongly suggest that p120 plays a pivotal role in fostering autophagy while concurrently hindering apoptosis in macrophages, achieved through modulation of the mTOR/ULK-1 signaling pathway in sepsis. This underscores the potential of targeting macrophage p120 as an innovative therapeutic avenue for treating inflammatory disorders.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  MALT-1 shortens lifespan by inhibiting autophagy in the intestine of C. elegans. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 21, 2024   
    Silencing of the autophagy regulators ATG-13, BEC-1 or LGG-2, but not the TOR homolog LET-363, reversed lifespan extension caused by MALT-1 deficiency. These findings suggest that MALT-1 limits the lifespan of C. elegans by acting as an inhibitor of an early step of autophagy in the intestine.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Ferritinophagy Is Critical for Deoxynivalenol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 19, 2024   
    Both autophagy inhibition and NCOA4 expression suppression ameliorate DON-induced ferroptosis. Our study concludes that DON facilitates NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy via the ATM-NCOA4 pathway, subsequently inducing ferroptosis in the liver.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Evaluation of Autophagy in Conjunctival Fibroblasts. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 19, 2024   
    In our current protocol, we present a robust methodology established in our laboratory for studying autophagy in primary conjunctival fibroblasts. We assess autophagy through techniques like immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and qPCR.
  • ||||||||||  doxycycline / Generic mfg., gefitinib / Generic mfg.
    Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  USP24-i-101 targeting of USP24 activates autophagy to inhibit drug resistance acquired during cancer therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 16, 2024   
    In addition, inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin-A1 significantly abolished the effect of USP24-i-101 on maintaining genomic integrity, decreasing PD-L1 and inhibiting drug resistance acquired in chemotherapy or targeted therapy. In summary, an increase in the expression of USP24 in cancer cells is beneficial for the induction of drug resistance and targeting USP24 by USP24-i-101 optimized from USP24-i inhibits drug resistance acquired during cancer therapy by increasing PD-L1 protein degradation and genomic stability in an autophagy induction-dependent manner.
  • ||||||||||  Circulating Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Abates T-Cell Function in People Living With HIV (Poster hall) -  Mar 16, 2024 - Abstract #CROI2024CROI_1062;    
    Higher plasma ACBP levels in PLWH on ART were associated with inflammation, unfit metabolism, and markers of T-cell dysfunction. Our findings indicate that circulating ACBP directly abates autophagy and anti-HIV T-cell functions, compelling the development of circulating ACBP inhibitors aiming at improving anti-HIV T-cell responses in PLWH, towards an HIV cure.