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- | Journal: circPARD3 drives malignant progression and chemoresistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
We further revealed that activation of the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway through sponging miR-145-5p was the main mechanism of circPARD3 inhibited autophagy, promoting LSCC progression and chemoresistance. Our study reveals that the novel autophagy-suppressive circPARD3 promotes LSCC progression and chemoresistance through the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway, providing new insights into circRNA-mediated autophagy regulation and potential biomarker and target for LSCC treatment.
- | mesenchymal stem cells / Tongji Hospital
Journal: Enhancement of osteoporotic bone regeneration by strontium-substituted 45S5 bioglass via time-dependent modulation of autophagy and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
Based on this hypothesis, Sr-doped 45S5 bioglass (Sr/45S5) was fabricated, and ovariectomy bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OVX-BMSCs) were applied as the in vitro cell culture model...Finally, the results of the model of femoral condyle defects in OVX-rats indicated that Sr10/45S5 granules remarkably enhanced bone regeneration which provided the evidences in vivo. Our research indicates that Sr-doping provides a promising strategy to promote osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs and bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defects via early improvement of autophagy and late activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
- | Journal: JMJD2B-induced amino acid alterations enhance the survival of colorectal cancer cells under glucose-deprivation via autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Furthermore, we observed that the high expression of LC3B was more likely detected in tissuses with high expression of JMJD2B (P < 0.001) in 60 human CRC tissues. These results indicated that JMJD2B sustained the intracellular amino acids derived from autophagy in CRC cells upon glucose deficiency, partly through epigenetic regulation of LC3B, thus driving the malignancy of CRC.
- | simvastatin / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Simvastatin protects high glucose-induced H9c2 cells from injury by inducing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
The myocardial protective effect mediated by autophagy activated by simvastatin to some extent elucidated the mechanism of the protective effect of simvastatin on H9c2 cell injury, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the clinical application of simvastatin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we speculate that simvastatin may be used for diabetes associated cardiovascular diseases.
- | lansoprazole / Generic mfg., clarithromycin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Macrolide antibiotics enhance the antitumor effect of lansoprazole resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization‑associated cell death. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Notably, lysosomal galectin‑3 puncta expression induced due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization was increased in cells treated with LPZ + AZM combination as compared to the treatment by either agent alone. Collectively, the present results revealed AZM‑induced autolysosome accumulation, potentiated LPZ‑mediated necrosis, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, thus suggesting the potential clinical application of LPZ + AZM combination therapy for cancer treatment.
- | Preclinical, Journal: ADP and P2Y13 receptor are involved in the autophagic protection of ex vivo perfused livers from fasted rats: Potential benefit for liver graft preservation. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
The P2Y13 receptor and ADP (a physiological activator of this receptor) are involved in the protection of ex vivo livers. Therapeutic opportunities for improving liver graft preservation through the stimulation of the ADP-P2Y13 receptor axis are further discussed.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Panax notoginsengn protects the rat brain function from traumatic brain injury by inhibiting autophagy via mammalian targeting of rapamycin. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
P. notoginseng protects the rat brain function from TBI by inhibiting autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway and other autophagy pathways.
- || Review, Journal: Autophagy and Tau Protein. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Thus far, as autophagy modulators, rapamycin, mTOCR1 inhibitor and its analogues, lithium, metformin, clonidine, curcumin, nicotinamide, bexaroten, and torehalose have been proposed. As a therapeutic strategy, autophagic modulation may be the next target of AD therapeutics.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Sinensetin Reduces Osteoarthritis Pathology in the Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Treated Chondrocytes and the Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus Model Mice via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2021
In vivo experiments show that Sin may protect against DMM-induced OA pathogenesis. These results provide evidence that Sin serves as a potential candidate for the treatment of OA.
- | Journal: Autophagy promotes invadopodia formation in human ovarian cancer cells via the p62-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2021
The interaction between autophagy and invasion may thus be a self-protective mechanism for tumor cells in an unfavorable environment of nutritional deficiency, that maintains their survival and leads to increased invasiveness. An exploration of the intrinsic link between autophagy and invasion may provide a novel theoretical basis to reverse the resistance of tumor cells to a nutritional deficient environment.
- | PF-06409577 / Pfizer
Journal: PF-06409577 Activates AMPK Signaling and Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Growth. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2021
AMPK activation, mTORC1 inhibition, autophagy induction, as well as RTK degradation and apoptosis activation were detected in PF-06409577-treated xenografts. In conclusion, activation of AMPK by PF-06409577 inhibits OS cell growth.
- Erbitux (cetuximab) / Eli Lilly, EMD Serono
[VIRTUAL] Analysis of the synergetic effect of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in combination with cetuximab or cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_308;
In conclusion, activation of AMPK by PF-06409577 inhibits OS cell growth. These results suggest that autophagy is an important target in HNSCC and that the combination of autophagy inhibition with CQ to standard of care chemotherapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy in HNSCC.
- Torisel (temsirolimus) / Pfizer
[VIRTUAL] mTOR inhibitor induces autophagy and reduces tumor vascularization to prevent tumor growth of TP53 mutant HNSCC () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_297;
The mTOR inhibitor also reduced Hif-1α both in cell lines and tumor xenograft. Tumor growth and tumor vascularization of p53 mutant HNSCC were also inhibited.
- sirolimus / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] REGULATION OF INTRACELLULAR INNATE IMMUNE AMYLOID BETA (Aβ) CLEARANCE () - Aug 2, 2021 - Abstract #AAIC2021AAIC_576;
Inhibition of Nep and BACE1 reduces 20-x peptide generation indicating this as a potential marker for Aβ. Modulation of autophagy affects 20-x peptide generation indicating the potential of targeting endo-lysosomal and autophagic pathway against AD.
- | Torin1 / InvivoGen
Preclinical, Journal: mTORC1 activation contributes to autophagy inhibition via its recruitment to lysosomes and consequent lysosomal dysfunction in cadmium-exposed rat proximal tubular cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Moreover, Cd-induced lysosomal alkalization, suppressed vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) protein levels and impaired lysosomal degradation capacity were markedly reversed by rapamycin or torin 1. In summary, these findings demonstrate that Cd recruits mTORC1 to lysosome membrane to induce its activation, which results in lysosomal dysfunction and resultant autophagy inhibition in rPT cells.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Effect of Electroacupuncture on Relieving Central Post-Stroke Pain by Inhibiting Autophagy in the Hippocampus. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
From the experiment, we found EA may inhibit autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression. These findings provide a foundation for the interpretation of the mechanism of EA on relieving CPSP in clinical practice.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibition of CAMKK2 impairs autophagy and castration-resistant prostate cancer via suppression of AMPK-ULK1 signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
However, clinical trials testing autophagy inhibition using chloroquine derivatives in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have yet to yield promising results, potentially due to the side effects of this class of compounds...Collectively, our findings converge to demonstrate that AR can co-opt the CAMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 signaling cascade to promote prostate cancer by increasing autophagy. Thus, this pathway may represent an alternative autophagic target in CRPC.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of HDAC6 by Tubastatin A reduces chondrocyte oxidative stress in chondrocytes and ameliorates mouse osteoarthritis by activating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Subsequently, the positive effects of HDAC6 inhibition by TubA were also found in a mouse OA model. Therefore, our study provide evidence that HDAC6 inhibition prevents OA development, and HDAC6 could be applied as a potential therapeutic target for OA management.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: γ-Linolenic Acid Prevents Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Palmitic Acid-Treated Alpha Mouse Liver-12 Cells by Balancing Autophagy and Apoptosis via the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Overall, GLA can protect AML-12 cells from lipid metabolism disorder caused by PA via balancing autophagy and apoptosis mediated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Consequently, GLA, as a dietary supplement, can help to prevent and treat NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.
- | Journal: Adenosine Induces Autophagy in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Consequently, GLA, as a dietary supplement, can help to prevent and treat NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy. Adenosine may have potential for application in cholangiocarcinoma treatment.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cisplatin-induced hydroxyl radicals mediate pro-survival autophagy in human lung cancer H460 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Adenosine may have potential for application in cholangiocarcinoma treatment. In summary, the possible role of hydroxyl radicals as a key mediator in the autophagic response to cisplatin treatment, which was firstly revealed in this study would benefit for the further development of novel therapies for lung cancer.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce the chemoresistance of gastric cancer by inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
ZnO-NP may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for GC treatment. The potential role of ZnO-NP in the clinical treatment of GC needs clarification in future investigations.
- | Journal: Tau Accumulation via Reduced Autophagy Mediates GGGGCC Repeat Expansion-Induced Neurodegeneration in Drosophila Model of ALS. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which expanded G4C2r causes neurodegeneration via an evolutionarily-conserved mechanism. Our findings provide novel autophagy-related mechanistic insights into C9ORF72-ALS and possible entry points to disease treatment.
- | Journal: PKM2 promotes cell metastasis and inhibits autophagy via the JAK/STAT3 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
STAT3 inhibition counteracted the impact of PKM2 on proliferation, autophagy, migration as well as cell death in HCC. To conclude, the findings of our research suggest that PKM2 reinforced metastasis and inhibited autophagy in HCC through the JAK/STAT3 pathway, and that PKM2 could serve as a promising target for HCC treatment.
- | Journal: SIRT3 ameliorates osteoarthritis via regulating chondrocyte autophagy and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Last, intra-articular SIRT3 overexpression alleviated the severity of OA-induced rat joint damage. Our results demonstrated that SIRT3 is an important protective agent against OA pathophysiology via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
- | arsenic trioxide / Generic mfg.
Journal: Antiangiogenic effect of arsenic trioxide in HUVECs by FoxO3a-regulated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Co-incubated with autophagy inhibitor or knockdown of FoxO3a effectively inhibited ATO-induced autophagy and reversed the antiangiogenic effect of ATO, indicating that ATO-induced autophagy plays an antiangiogenic role in HUVECs. Our results highlight the importance of autophagy in the antiangiogenic effect of ATO and provide an improved understanding of the function of ATO.
- | Journal: Oxoglaucine mediates Ca influx and activates autophagy to alleviate osteoarthritis through the TRPV5/Calmodulin/CAMK-II pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Oxoglaucine protects against cartilage damage by blocking TRPV5/CAMK-II/Calmodulin pathway to inhibit Ca influx and activate autophagy. Our results indicate that oxoglaucine has potential to become a candidate drug for treatment of OA.
- [VIRTUAL] Does acute phase protein alpha1-antitrypsin modulate apoptosis-autophagy crosstalk resulting in resistance of NSCLC cells to cancer drugs? () - Jul 29, 2021 - Abstract #ERS2021ERS_2111;
Since p62 is a regulator of autophagy and establishes a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, we think that cancer cells may utilize AAT as a pro-survival factor. Probably, under basal conditions AAT induces autophagy as a cytoprotective pathway whereas under cytotoxic therapy inhibition of autophagy by AAT could support cancer cell survival.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., erlotinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: PAQR3 suppresses the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells via modulation of EGFR-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by knocking down ATG7 abrogates the tumor suppressive activity of PAQR3 in NSCLC cells. Collectively, these data indicate that PAQR3 suppresses tumor progression of NSCLC cells through modulating EGFR-regulated autophagy.
- | Journal: mA mRNA methylation controls autophagy and adipogenesis by targeting Atg5 and Atg7. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Together, these findings unveil the functional importance of the mA methylation machinery in autophagy and adipogenesis regulation, which expands our understanding of such interplay that is essential for development of therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin, beta; ATG: autophagy-related; Baf A1: bafilomycin A; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; CEBPB: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta; FABP4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FTO: fat mass and obesity associated; HFD: high-fat diet; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mA: N-methyladenosine; MEFs: mouse embryo fibroblasts; MeRIP-qPCR: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; RIP: RNA-immunoprecipitation; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WAT: white adipose tissue; YTHDF: YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein.
- | Journal: The Spt4 component of the Spt4-Spt5 transcription factor complex negatively regulates the expression of ATG41. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Here, we show for the first time that the Spt4-Spt5 transcription factor complex negatively regulates ATG genes in S. cerevisiae, inhibiting autophagy activity during active growth. Under autophagy-inducing conditions, the repression is released by Spt5 phosphorylation, allowing an upregulation of autophagy activity.
- | hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Manipulation of Mitophagy by "All-in-One" Nanosensitizer Augments Sonodynamic Glioma Therapy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
ACHL-SDT treatment using this construct significantly inhibited the xenograft-tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice, exhibiting an improved therapeutic efficiency. All together, we demonstrated a precision sonotherapy with simultaneous apoptosis induction and mitophagy inhibition, which served as an intelligently strategic sense of working alongside, providing new insights into the theranostics of brain tumors.
- | Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal: RNA-binding protein ZFP36/TTP protects against ferroptosis by regulating autophagy signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Attractively, sorafenib monotherapy led to ZFP36 downregulation, ferritinophagy activation, and ferroptosis induction in human HSCs. Overall, these results revealed novel molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of ferroptosis, and also identified ZFP36-autophagy-dependent ferroptosis as a potential target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Hypoxia-induced autophagy drives colorectal cancer initiation and progression by activating the PRKC/PKC-EZR (ezrin) pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Altogether, our results establish the hypoxia-autophagy-PKC-EZR signaling axis as a novel regulatory mechanism of TIC self-renewal and CRC progression. Autophagy inhibition might thus represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CQ: chloroquine; CSC: cancer stem cells; CRC: colorectal cancer; HIF1A/HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PRKC/PKC: protein kinase C; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TICs: tumor-initiating cells.
- | Journal: Binding of Avibirnavirus VP3 to the PIK3C3-PDPK1 complex inhibits autophagy by activating the AKT-MTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Finally, we proved that CC3 domain was critical for role of VP3 in regulating replication of Avibirnavirus through autophagy. Taken together, our study identified that Avibirnavirus VP3 links PIK3C3-PDPK1 complex to AKT-MTOR pathway and inhibits autophagy, a critical step for controlling virus replication.Abbreviations: ATG14/Barkor: autophagy related 14; BECN1: beclin 1; CC: coiled-coil; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; hpi: hours post-infection; IBDV: infectious bursal disease virus; IP: co-immunoprecipitation; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PDPK1: 3-phosphoinositid-dependent protein kinase-1; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; vBCL2: viral BCL2 apoptosis regulator.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy-dependent cancer cells circumvent loss of the upstream regulator RB1CC1/FIP200 and loss of LC3 conjugation by similar mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Autophagy-dependent cells circumvent the complete loss of autophagy that is mediated by RB1CC1 KO, similar to the loss of ATG7, by upregulating NFE2L2/NRF2 signaling. These results indicate that cancer cell lines could adapt to the complete loss of autophagy by changing their biology to adopt alternative ways of dealing with autophagy-mediated cellular functions.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy: an essential but limited cellular process for timely skeletal muscle recovery from injury. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
These findings highlight an emerging area of investigation for both autophagy and muscle regeneration fields. The identification of the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy and autophagy flux may serve as targets for future therapies to enhance the recovery of its function in healthy and diseased muscle.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: MLKL contributes to Western diet-induced liver injury through inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Importantly, inhibition of autophagy by leupeptin or chloroquine triggers MLKL translocation to the plasma membrane, suggesting that MLKL is intimately involved in the regulation of autophagy under multiple conditions. These data indicate that MLKL contributes to Western diet-induced liver injury through inhibition of autophagy and induction of necroptosis.
- | Journal: Regulating RIPK1: another way in which ULK1 contributes to survival. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
RIPK1 is the central mediator of pro-inflammatory or pro-death signaling pathways induced by TNF, and ULK1-dependent phosphorylation regulates RIPK1 activation and distribution to different intracellular signaling complexes. Our results indicate that ULK1 exerts a cyto-protective function not only by initiating autophagy, but also by controlling RIPK1-mediated cell death.
- | Journal: Selective autophagy inhibition through disruption of the PIK3C3-containing complex I. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
A cellular NanoBRET assay was implemented to identify these inhibitors, and one compound was able to successfully disrupt the BECN1-ATG14 interaction and inhibit autophagy, with limited impact on vesicle trafficking. These results reveal the first protein-protein interaction inhibitor targeting the autophagy initiation machinery and demonstrate the viability of targeting protein-protein interactions for the discovery of autophagy-specific modulators.
- | Journal: Puerarin plays a protective role in chondrocytes by activating Beclin1-dependent autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
3-MA or Beclin1 inhibitor in vivo reversed puerarin-ameliorated cartilage damage of osteoarthritis mice. Thus, puerarin can protect chondrocytes through Beclin1-dependent autophagy activation.
- | Journal: Autophagy is critical for cysteine metabolism in pancreatic cancer through regulation of SLC7A11. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Upon inhibition of autophagy, SLC7A11 is localized to lysosomes in an MTORC2-dependent manner. Our findings reveal a novel connection between autophagy and cysteine metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
- | Observational data, Journal: TGFβ promotes fibrosis by MYST1-dependent epigenetic regulation of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 29, 2021
Interference with the aberrant activation of autophagy inhibits TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and ameliorates experimental dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. These findings link uncontrolled TGFβ signaling to aberrant autophagy and deregulated epigenetics in fibrotic diseases and may contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions in fibrotic diseases.
- | Journal: Inhibition of ROS-NF-κB-dependent autophagy enhances Hypocrellin A united LED red light-induced apoptosis in squamous carcinoma A431 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
In addition, the inhibition of autophagy promoted HA united red light irradiation-induced apoptosis and facilitated the NF-κB activity. Over all, our results revealed that HA united red light irradiation could inhibit A431 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the activation of the ROS mediated JNK and NF-κB pathways, providing prospective for HA as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of cSCC.
- | Journal: The repair and autophagy mechanisms of hypoxia-regulated bFGF-modified primary embryonic neural stem cells in spinal cord injury. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Furthermore, improved functional restoration of SCI with neuron regeneration was achieved in vivo, accompanied by glial scar inhibition and the evidence of axon regeneration across the scar boundary. This is the first study to illustrate the presence of hypoxic clusters throughout the injury site of compressed SCI and the first to show that the transplantation of LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs to target this hypoxic microenvironment enhanced the recovery of neurological function after SCI in rats; LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs may therefore be a good candidate to evaluate cellular SCI therapy in humans.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Cannabidiol alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced neural apoptosis in rats by inducing autophagy through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Furthermore, we found that CBD treatment upregulated PI3K/AKT signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1. Therefore, these findings suggested that CBD treatment protects against cerebral injury induced by HS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reinforce autophagy.
- | Journal: Sulforaphane Inhibits Autophagy and Induces Exosome-Mediated Paracrine Senescence via Regulating mTOR/TFE3. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Therefore, these findings suggested that CBD treatment protects against cerebral injury induced by HS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reinforce autophagy. This study suggests the important roles of autophagy and exosome-mediated paracrine senescence in cancer therapy and highlights SFN as a potent anti-ESCC drug candidate.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., etoposide IV / Generic mfg.
Journal: PLAC8 promotes the autophagic activity and improves the growth priority of human trophoblast cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
In conclusion, PLAC8-induced autophagy to promote the proliferation of trophoblasts. This study provided insights into the mechanism of PLAC8-induced autophagy in trophoblasts, which is significant for a wide range of gestational diseases and may contribute to developing novel treatment strategies for trophoblastic diseases.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Transfer of lncRNA UCA1 by hUCMSCs-derived exosomes protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through impairing miR-143-targeted degradation of Bcl-2. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Together, hUCMSC-ex-derived lncRNA UCA1 alleviates H/R injury through the miR-143/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 axis. Hence, this study highlights a stem cell-based approach against I/R injury.
- | temozolomide / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Nicardipine sensitizes temozolomide by inhibiting autophagy and promoting cell apoptosis in glioma stem cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Nicardipine can inhibit autophagy by activating expression of mTOR, thus play tumor inhibition roles both in vitro and in vivo. Repurposing of nicardipine can help to improving therapeutic effect of TMZ against GBM, which deserves further clinical investigations.