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- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Ethoxyquin Inhibits the Progression of Murine Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma through the Inhibition of Autophagy and LDH. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Collectively, our findings propose EQ as a novel inhibitor of LDH in cancer cells and as a combinatory drug to increase the efficacy of cisplatin. Further studies are required to validate this therapeutic strategy in different cancer models and preclinical trials.
- | Journal: Prognostic Value of LC3B and p62 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
In multivariate analysis, LC3B expression remained an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.025) for overall survival. In conclusion, autophagy may play a role in the tumorigenesis of SIACs, and LC3B and p62 could be used as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for SIACs.
- | Nuplazid (pimavanserin) / Acadia Pharma
Journal: Pimavanserin: A Novel Autophagy Modulator for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Notably, chloroquine abrogated the growth suppressive effects of PVT by 25% in BxPC3 tumor xenografts in nude mice. Collectively, our results indicate that PVT mediated pancreatic tumor growth suppression was associated with induction of autophagy mediated apoptosis.
- | Journal: AKF-D52, a Synthetic Phenoxypyrimidine-Urea Derivative, Triggers Extrinsic/Intrinsic Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
In a xenograft lung cancer mouse model, AKF-D52 administration attenuated tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that AKF-D52-induced ROS production plays a role in mediating apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC.
- Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
SORAFENIB INDUCES FERROPTOSIS AND APOPTOSIS IN DESMOID-TYPE FIBROMATOSIS CELLS ([VIRTUAL]) - Nov 26, 2021 - Abstract #CTOS2021CTOS_200;
Furthermore, autophagy inhibition enhanced the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which sorafenib affects DTF at a cellular level may help to optimize its clinical efficacy and mitigate toxic effects.
- ||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., Mekinist (trametinib) / Novartis, Tafinlar (dabrafenib) / Novartis
Clinical: This randomized trial will allow us to examine whether there is a benefit of adding hydroxychloroquine as an autophagy inhibitor to standard of care dabrafenib and trametinib for patients with BRAF mutant melanoma and elevated LDH. @AmaravadiRavi @EileenWhitePhD @NYUGSOMimcg (Twitter) - Nov 26, 2021
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker: Lipopolysaccharide induces pyroptosis through regulation of autophagy in cardiomyocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
LPS induces pyroptosis through regulation of autophagy via PARP-1 at a specific concentration, above which it causes deposition of autophagy flow to promote pyroptosis. Inhibiting LPS-induced pyroptosis could be a promising therapeutic target in treating cardiovascular diseases.
- | Torin1 / InvivoGen
Journal: Chemerin regulates autophagy to participate in polycystic ovary syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
Chemerin and CMKLR1 were overexpressed in PCOS rats. Chemerin promoted autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and may provide a potential target and biomarker of PCOS.
- | Journal: Anticancer activity of oleiferoside B involving autophagy and apoptosis through increasing ROS release in MCF-7 cells and SMMC-7721 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
In conclusion, our finding reveals a novel mechanism of action of oleiferoside B in cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and autophagy through ROS generation. Therefore, our results provided new insight into the mechanism of the antitumour effect of oleiferoside B as a prospective therapeutic drug in the tumour.
- || Review, Journal: The Emerging Key Role of Klotho in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
We also review the underlying mechanisms of Klotho in promoting and preventing female reproductive diseases, which involve the dysfunction of the fibroblast growth factor-Klotho endocrine system, the abnormal signaling regulation of Wnt-β-catenin and insulin-like growth factor-1, the accumulation of oxidative stress, and the inhibition of autophagy, eventually affecting the genesis, development, ovulation, or atresia of follicles. The present review would provide new insights and potential therapeutic target strategies for clinical strategies.
- | metformin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Metformin suppresses inflammation and apoptosis of myocardiocytes by inhibiting autophagy in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
Akt was up-regulated in Met-treated I/R hearts and miransertib, a pan-AKT inhibitor, was able to reverse the alleviating autophagy effect of Met. We demonstrate that Met protects cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced apoptosis and inflammation through down regulation of autophagy mediated by Akt signaling pathway.
- | trifluoperazine / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Trifluoperazine induces cellular apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy and targeting NUPR1 in multiple myeloma. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
Overall, our results indicate that in the context of MM, TFP targets NUPR1, inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis by autophagy inhibition. Our results could contribute towards efforts for the development of more effective therapies for MM to be tested in future clinical trials.
- | Journal: Autophagy under glucose starvation enhances protein translation initiation in response to re-addition of glucose in C2C12 myotubes. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
Inhibiting autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors diminished the effect of glucose re-addition on the phosphorylation of p70S6K, whereas inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system did not exert any effect. In conclusion, autophagy under glucose starvation partially accounts for the activation of translation initiation by re-addition of glucose.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Galuteolin Inhibited Autophagy for Neuroprotection Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
In addition, galuteolin decreased rapamycin-related neuron damages and activations of autophagy in I/R rats. Our data suggested that galuteolin can inhibit ischemic brain injuries through the regulation of autophagy-related indicators in I/R.
- | Journal: Ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 suppresses SIRT1-mediated autophagy to protect against ischemic myocardial injury. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
Our findings suggest that FAT10 inhibits autophagy by antagonizing SIRT1 SUMOylation to protect the heart from ischemic myocardial injury. This is a novel mechanism through which FAT10 regulates autophagy as a cardiac protector.
- | Journal: Rubioncolin C, a natural naphthohydroquinone dimer isolated from Rubia yunnanensis, inhibits the proliferation and metastasis by inducing ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
This is a novel mechanism through which FAT10 regulates autophagy as a cardiac protector. These findings clarified the antitumor mechanism of RC on TNBC cell lines and suggested that RC is a key active ingredient for the cancer treatment of R. yunnanensis, which would help RC develop as a new potential chemotherapeutic agent for TNBC treatment.
- | Journal: trans,trans-2,4-Decadienal induces endothelial cell injury by impairing mitochondrial function and autophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
However, scavenging of ROS by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented tt-DDE-induced mitochondrial damage, autophagy dysfunction, and cell injury. These data indicated that tt-DDE induced endothelial cell injury through impairing mitochondrial function and autophagic flux.
- | Journal: Ginsenoside CK induces apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells by regulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
GCK altered the regulation of the Caspase family, Bak/Bcl-xl and down-regulated the endoplasmic reticulum pathways (PERK and IRE1α). Starting from flow cytometry and the protein level, we found that autophagy inhibitors inhibited autophagy while promoting apoptosis, and apoptosis inhibitors reduced the rate of apoptosis while promoting autophagy, which proved that GCK can be used as a suitable novel natural product for CC treatment.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: JieZe-1 Alleviates HSV-2 Infection-Induced Genital Herpes in Balb/c Mice by Inhibiting Cell Apoptosis via Inducing Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
After then, under autophagy inhibitor chloroquine application, we measured the levels of cell apoptosis and autophagy and investigated the relationship between enhanced autophagy and cell apoptosis...Additionally, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was also downregulated by JZ-1 administration. Our data demonstrated that JZ-1 can alleviate HSV-2 infection-induced GH in balb/c mice by inhibiting cell apoptosis via inducing autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Hsa_circRNA_103124 Upregulation in Crohn's Disease Promotes Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Autophagy by Regulating the Hsa-miR-650/AKT2 Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
However, hsa-miR-650 mimics reversed the inhibition of rapamycin-induced autophagy and the promotion of cell proliferation through hsa_circRNA_103124 overexpression. These results indicate that hsa_circRNA_103124 upregulation in patients with CD promotes cell proliferation and inhibits autophagy by regulating the hsa-miR-650/AKT2 signaling pathway.
- | Journal: 3-methyladenine inhibits procollagen-1 and fibronectin expression in dermal fibroblasts independent of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
We revealed that 3-MA might inhibit procollagen-1 and fibronectin synthesis in an autophagy-independent manner by interfering with the binding between Smad3 and p300. Therefore, 3-MA could be a candidate for the treatment of diseases associated with the accumulation of ECM proteins.
- | Journal: M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-25-3p improves high glucose-induced podocytes injury through activation autophagy via inhibiting DUSP1 expression. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Our results indicated that M2 macrophage could improve HG-induced podocytes injury via secreting exosomal miR-25-3p to activate autophagy of the cells through suppressing DUSP1 expression. We proved a newly potential therapy strategy for DN treatment.
- | Journal: HS probe CPC inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis by inhibiting glutathionylation of Keap1 at Cys434. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
CPC also inhibited various cancer cell growth, but had no effect on normal cell growth in vitro, and inhibited A549 cancer growth, but did not affect normal angiogenesis in vivo. Therefore, we not only found a new inhibitor of autophagy and Nrf2, but also suggested a novel mechanism that endogenous HS could regulate autophagy, apoptosis and Nrf2 activity through regulating glutathionylation of Keap1 at the Cys434 residue.
- | Journal: Effect of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway on Regulating and Controlling the Anti-Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatoma Cells by Bufalin. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
The present study shows that the anti-tumor effect of Bufalin mainly inhibit proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis of HCC by influencing autophagy. These findings confirm the capability of Bufalin in inhibiting metastasis of HCC and in parallel to current patents, could be applied as a novel therapeutic strategy in the prevention of metastasis of HCC.
- | Journal: Delivering progranulin to neuronal lysosomes protects against excitotoxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
This was not due to a general impairment of autophagy, as L-PGRN increased basal autophagy and did not alter autophagy after nutrient starvation. These data show that progranulin's protection against excitotoxicity does not require extracellular progranulin, but is mediated through lysosomes, providing a mechanistic link between progranulin's lysosomal and neurotrophic effects.
- | Journal: Mitochondrial fusion mediated by mitofusin 1 regulates macrophage mycobactericidal activity by enhancing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
In summary, our study revealed MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion is essential for macrophages mycobactericidal activity through the regulation of ATP dependent autophagy. MFN1-mediated metabolism pathway might be targets for development of host direct therapy (HDT) strategy against TB.
- | Journal: Neuritin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury by promoting autophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) is a late autophagy inhibitor, aggravated cell damage and apoptosis and counteracted the enhancement of autophagy activation and protective effects of neuritin. In conclusion, neuritin may promote the completion of autophagic flux by ameliorating neuronal damage after OGD/R.
- | Journal: ERK5 Inhibition Induces Autophagy-Mediated Cancer Cell Death by Activating ER Stress. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Overall, our results suggest that ERK5 inhibition induces autophagy-mediated cancer cell death by activating ER stress. Since ERK5 inhibition sensitizes cancer cells and tumors to chemotherapy, future work will determine the relevance of UPR and autophagy in the combined use of chemotherapy and ERK5i to tackle Cancer.
- | verapamil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Urolithin A suppresses glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β inflammation signal in pancreatic β cells by regulating AMPK and autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Since ERK5 inhibition sensitizes cancer cells and tumors to chemotherapy, future work will determine the relevance of UPR and autophagy in the combined use of chemotherapy and ERK5i to tackle Cancer. UA is a potential anti-pancreatic inflammation agent that activates AMPK and autophagy to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress associated TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway.
- | Journal: Novel insights into antidepressant mechanism of Kai Xin San formula: Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
KXS ameliorated CUMS-induced depressive behaviors in rats and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in vivo and in vitro. These effects might be regulated by KXS-induced autophagy.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domaindeficiency induces doxorubicin resistancevia promoting autophagy in breast cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 22, 2021
Furthermore, we found that CEMM marker CAV1 is decreased in breast cancer patients and that the CEMM deficiency-induced autophagy is related to doxorubicin resistance, which is overcome by autophagy inhibition. Taken together, we propose a novel model whereby CEMMs in recycling endosomes support the VAMP3 and STX6 interaction and function as barriers to limit the activity of VAMP3 in autophagic vesicle fusion, thus CEMM deficiency promotes autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: miR-17-5p attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the PTEN and BIM pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
These findings suggest a new possible therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of kidney I/R injury. The upregulation of miR-17-5p expression appears to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing PTEN and BIM expression, which in turn upregulates downstream Akt/Beclin1 expression.
- | Journal: Oridonin Dose-Dependently Modulates the Cell Senescence and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
High-dose oridonin induced apoptosis and autophagy, with the autophagy inhibitor BafA1 attenuating oridonin-induced apoptosis. Together, the findings indicate that oridonin at different doses modulates GC cell senescence and apoptosis; oridonin may thus usefully treat GC.
- | Journal: Induction of autophagy increases the proteolytic activity of reservosomes during Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Further experiments showed that autophagy induced cruzipain activation and self-processing promote T. cruzi differentiation and host cell infection. These findings highlight the key role of T. cruzi autophagy in these processes and reveal a potential new target for Chagas disease therapy.
- | Journal: mA mRNA methylation regulates testosterone synthesis through modulating autophagy in Leydig cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Moreover, HsCG treatment decreased METTL14 by reducing its stability. Collectively, this study highlights a vital role of mA RNA methylation in the modulation of testosterone synthesis in LCs, providing insight into novel therapeutic strategies by exploiting mA RNA methylation as targets for treating azoospermatism and oligospermatism patients with reduction in serum testosterone.
- | Journal: Trehalose limits opportunistic mycobacterial survival during HIV co-infection by reversing HIV-mediated autophagy block. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Remarkably, trehalose significantly reduced HIV-p24 levels in ex-vivo-infected PBMCs or PBMCs from treatment-naive HIV patients and also controlled mycobacterial survival within Mtb-infected animals. To conclude, we report leveraging of HIV-mediated perturbed host innate-immunity by opportunistic bacterial pathogens and show an attractive therapeutic strategy for HIV and associated co-morbidities.Abbreviations: AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BafA1: bafilomycin A; CFU: colony forming unit; CTSD: cathepsin D; CD63: CD63 molecule; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; FRET: Förster resonance energy transfer; GABARAP: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT: glucose transporter; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; hMDMs: human monocyte derived macrophages; IL2: interleukin 2; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LC3B-II: lipidated microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor; NAC: N- acetyl- L -cysteine; NTM's: non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PBMC: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells; PIKFYVE: phosphoinositide kinase; FYVE-Type Zinc Finger; PHA: phytohemagglutinin; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PtdIns(3,5)P2: Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate; ptfLC3: pEGFP-mRFP-LC3; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1: sequestosome1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin 1; PIP4P1/TMEM55B: Human trans-membrane Protein 55B; UVRAG: UV Radiation Resistance Associate; VPS35: vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 35; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; YCAM: Yellow Chameleon.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: The anti-tumorigenic effect of Ellagic acid in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells entails activation of autophagy-mediated by inhibiting Akt and activating AMPK. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Cells were treated with EA in the presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, or an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a PI3K/Akt activator...CC or IGF-1 alone partially prevented the effect of EA on cell survival, cell invasions, and levels of LDH, Beclin-1, and cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, EA can inhibit SKOV-3 growth, migration, and invasion by activating cytotoxic autophagy mediated by inhibition of mTORC1 and Akt and activation of AMPK.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
In conclusion, EA can inhibit SKOV-3 growth, migration, and invasion by activating cytotoxic autophagy mediated by inhibition of mTORC1 and Akt and activation of AMPK. These findings suggest that autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Autophagy induction contributes to the neuroprotective impact of intermittent fasting on the acutely injured spinal cord. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Finally, IF could activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway and enhance lysosome function by upregulating TFEB expression. Altogether, the present findings suggest that IF exerts a neuroprotective effect after acute SCI via the upregulation of autophagy and further points to dietary interventions as a promising combinatorial treatment for SCI.
- | Journal: A role for the autophagic receptor, SQSTM1/p62, in trafficking NF-κB/RelA to nucleolar aggresomes. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
They also provide invaluable information on the mechanisms that regulate the nuclear/nucleolar distribution of RelA that could be exploited for therapeutic purpose. Implications: The data open up avenues for the development of a unique class of therapeutic agents that act by targeting RelA and other aberrantly active proteins to nucleoli, thus killing cancer cells.
- | Journal: SIK2 represses AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting autophagic degradation of protein phosphatases. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
The upregulation of PHLPP2 and PP2A was attributable to SIK2 phosphorylation and activation of mTORC1, which inhibited autophagic degradation of these two phosphatases. These results suggest that SIK2 acts as a tumor suppressor in GC and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for this tumor.
- | loperamide / Generic mfg., gefitinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: Repurposing loperamide to overcome gefitinib resistance by triggering apoptosis independent of autophagy induction in KRAS mutant NSCLC cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
These results suggest that SIK2 acts as a tumor suppressor in GC and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for this tumor. Loperamide could be repurposed to overcome primary resistance to gefitinib in KRAS-mutation bearing NSCLC as it also helps relieve the common side effect of diarrhea caused by EGFR-TKIs.
- | trifluoperazine / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Repurposing of Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine for Treating Brain Metastasis, Lung Metastasis and Bone Metastasis of Melanoma by Disrupting Autophagy Flux. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Moreover, the colocalization of LC3 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a lysosome marker, was also suppressed after TFP treatment, suggesting that TFP might block the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, which led to autophagosome accumulation. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of repurposing TFP as a new adjuvant drug for treating melanoma patients with brain, lung, and bone metastases.
- | Journal: Autophagy-Dependent Increased ADAM10 Mature Protein Induced by TFEB Overexpression Is Mediated Through PPARα. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Thus, TFEB expression enhances nonamyloidogenic processing of APP. In conclusion, TFEB expression induces ADAM10 in an autophagy-dependent manner through PPARα.
- | Journal: Role of autophagy and oxidative stress to astrocytes in fenpropathrin-induced Parkinson-like damage. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
In mice, autophagy was slightly different from that found in astrocytes, as reflected in the increased expressions of LC3A/B and SQSTM1. Our findings elucidate the toxicological phenomena and pathogenic mechanisms of fenpropathrin and may provide guidance for improved pesticide control and environmental protection.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Curcumin induces ferroptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer via activating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Our findings elucidate the toxicological phenomena and pathogenic mechanisms of fenpropathrin and may provide guidance for improved pesticide control and environmental protection. Curcumin induced ferroptosis via activating autophagy in NSCLC, which enhanced the therapeutic effect of NSCLC.
- | Journal: Cancer cells escape autophagy inhibition via NRF2-induced macropinocytosis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
NRF2 activation by oncogenic mutations, hypoxia, and oxidative stress also results in MP upregulation. Inhibition of MP in autophagy-compromised PDAC elicits dramatic metabolic decline and regression of transplanted and autochthonous tumors, suggesting the therapeutic promise of combining autophagy and MP inhibitors in the clinic.
- | hydroquinone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Arbutin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through activating autophagy in osteoblasts. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Arbutin, a natural hydroquinone glycoside, has been reported to have biological activities related to the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts...The application of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased autophagy, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells triggered by arbutin. Taken together, our findings suggest that arbutin treatment fends off glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, partly through promoting differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by autophagy activation.
- | Journal: Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits colorectal cancer growth by endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagic pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
Taken together, our findings suggest that arbutin treatment fends off glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, partly through promoting differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by autophagy activation. Collectively, our studies strongly suggest that DEH might be a potential anticancer agent against colorectal cancer by activating ER stress-induced inhibition of autophagy.
- | Journal: Aflatoxin B1 inhibited autophagy flux by inducing lysosomal alkalinization in HepG2 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021
These results indicated AFB1 with NOAEL could inhibit autophagy flux by inducing lysosomal alkalinization. Our study was helpful to further explain early hepatotoxicity mechanism of AFB1.