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- || Review, Journal: Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 14, 2021
This review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases [SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IBD, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. More importantly, the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators (including autophagy inducers and inhibitors) on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.
- | MPT0L145 / Taipei Medical University, Verzenio (abemaciclib) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Combining an Autophagy Inhibitor, MPT0L145, with Abemaciclib Is a New Therapeutic Strategy in GBM Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 13, 2021
Combined MPT0L145 with abemaciclib significantly reduced cell proliferation, suppressed RB phosphorylation, and increased ROS production. In conclusion, the data suggested that blocking autophagy by MPT0L145 synergistically sensitized GBM cancer cells to abemaciclib and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating GBM in the future.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal, Cancer stem cells: Induction of Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells by the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine and Potentiation by Autophagy Inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 13, 2021
Edelfosine elicited a strong autophagy response in both PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 CSCs, and preincubation of CSCs with autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, enhanced edelfosine-induced apoptosis...Nontumorigenic pancreatic human cell line HPNE and normal human fibroblasts were largely spared. These data suggest that pancreatic CSCs isolated from established cell lines and pancreatic cancer patients are sensitive to edelfosine through its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- | Journal: Metabolic Rewiring Is Essential for AML Cell Survival to Overcome Autophagy Inhibition by Loss of ATG3. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 13, 2021
Additionally, loss of ATG3 strongly sensitized AML cells to the inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism. These findings highlight the metabolic vulnerabilities that AML cells acquire from autophagy inhibition and support further exploration of combination therapies targeting autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in AML.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Corticotropin releasing hormone promotes inflammatory bowel disease via inducing intestinal macrophage autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 10, 2021
Subsequent administration of chloroquine markedly attenuated the detrimental effects of CRH on IBD severity and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of autophagy. These findings illustrate the effects of peripheral administration of CRH on DSS-induced IBD via the enhancement of intestinal macrophage autophagy, thus providing a novel understanding as well as therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Melatonin Alleviates LPS-Induced Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes by Activating Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 10, 2021
Furthermore, coincubation with rapamycin (an autophagy activator) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) accentuated and attenuated the antipyroptotic actions of Mel, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Mel shields hiPSC-CMs against pyroptosis during endotoxemia by activating autophagy.
- | Journal: Dihydroceramide desaturase promotes the formation of intraluminal vesicles and inhibits autophagy to increase exosome production. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 10, 2021
Together, DEGS1/Ifc controls the dihydroceramide-to-ceramide ratio and enhances exosome secretion by promoting ILV formation and preventing the autophagic degradation of MVEs. These findings provide a potential cause for the neuropathy associated with DEGS1-deficient mutations.
- Autotaxin (ATX) inhibited autophagy through mTOR pathway and destroyed intestinal epithelial barrier in colitis () - Dec 8, 2021 - Abstract #AOCC2021AOCC_377;
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Danlou Tablet Activates Autophagy of Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR to Protect Cells From Damage Caused by Atherosclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
The role of autophagy in treating atherosclerosis by DLT is confirmed by 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) and rapamycin (autophagy activator) in HVAFs. In summary, DLT activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy of vascular adventitial fibroblasts to protect cells from damage caused by atherosclerosis.
- | Firazyr (icatibant) / Takeda
Journal: Modulation of Neuro-Inflammatory Signals in Microglia by Plasma Prekallikrein and Neuronal Cell Debris. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
To assess receptor dynamics, HOE-140 (1 μM) and GB-83 (2 μM) were used to antagonize the BKR and PAR-2 receptors, respectively...Finally, the inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced the release of the cytokine IL-6 which were validated via bioinformatics analysis demonstrating the role of PKall in systematic and brain inflammatory processes. Taken together, we demonstrated that PKall can modulate microglial activation via the engagement of PAR-2 and BKR where PKall acts as a neuromodulator of inflammatory processes.
- | SP600125 / BMS
Preclinical, Journal: Peiminine Induces G0/G1-Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via the ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Peiminine induced G0/G1-phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Our study may provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of peiminine as an alternative drug for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
- | gemcitabine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: ATG4B Inhibitor UAMC-2526 Potentiates the Chemotherapeutic Effect of Gemcitabine in a Panc02 Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
In vitro experiments revealed that UAMC-2526 enhances the potential of gemcitabine to inhibit Panc02 cell proliferation without obvious induction of cell death. Altogether, we conclude that although the combination treatment of UAMC-2526 with gemcitabine did not inhibit autophagy in the Panc02 mouse model, it has a beneficial effect on tumor growth inhibition.
- | Journal: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrano[2,3-c]-pyrazole-Based RalA Inhibitors Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Among the evaluated compounds, 4p displayed good inhibitory capacities on RalA (IC = 0.22 μM) and HepG2 cells (IC = 2.28 μM). Overall, our results suggested that a novel small-molecule RalA inhibitor with a 6-sulfonylamide-pyrano [2, 3-c]-pyrazole scaffold suppressed autophagy and cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma, and that it has potential for HCC-targeted therapy.
- | Journal: Notoginseng Triterpenes Inhibited Autophagy in Random Flaps via the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 Signaling Pathway to Improve Tissue Survival. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Our study also showed that the autophagy of random flaps after NT treatment was activated through the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 signaling pathway, and the therapeutic effect of NT significantly decreased after VPS34 IN inhibited autophagy. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that NT can significantly improve the survival rate of random flaps through the Beclin-1/VPS34/LC3 signaling pathway, suggesting that it might be a promising clinical treatment option.
- | Journal: Costunolide-Induced Apoptosis via Promoting the Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting AKT/GSK3β Pathway and Activating Autophagy in Gastric Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Moreover, preincubating gastric carcinoma cells with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a cell-autophagy inhibitor, significantly alleviated the effects of Cos in inducing cell apoptosis. Cos induced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via promoting ROS and inhibiting AKT/GSK3β pathway and activating pro-death cell autophagy, which may be an effective strategy to treat gastric cancer.
- | erastin - Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Dana / Farber Cancer Institute, Columbia University, Prolexys
Journal: Autophagy Regulates VDAC3 Ubiquitination by FBXW7 to Promote Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Rapa sensitized ALL cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide potential therapeutic targets for ALL.
- | Journal: Loss of Profilin3 Impairs Spermiogenesis by Affecting Acrosome Biogenesis, Autophagy, Manchette Development and Mitochondrial Organization. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Interestingly, in the Pfn3 testes, we detected increased protein levels of essential actin regulatory proteins, cofilin-1 (CFL1), cofilin-2 (CFL2), and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). Taken together, our results reveal the importance for PFN3 in male fertility and implicate this protein as a candidate for male factor infertility in humans.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a Regulates Autophagy Through the AMPK-mTOR-eIF4F Signaling Axis to Reduce Drug Resistance of MCF-7/ADR Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
Ad-VT can not only significantly induce cell death in MCF-7/ADR cells, but also improved their sensitivity to Adriamycin. Therefore, the combination of Ad-VT and chemotherapy drugs may become a new strategy for the treatment of breast cancer in overcoming Adriamycin resistance.
- | candesartan cilexetil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Association of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Impacts Mitochondrial Quality Control, Offering Promise for the Treatment of Vascular Senescence. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
These detrimental alterations were successfully restored, and mitochondrial autophagy was upregulated with the administration of candesartan to ApoE KO mice. The association of LOX-1 with AT1R was found to play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial quality control, as cellular/vascular senescence is induced by ox-LDL, and AT1R inhibition improves the adverse effects of ox-LDL.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Effects of in vitro vitamin D treatment on function of T cells and autophagy mechanisms in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 6, 2021
The association of LOX-1 with AT1R was found to play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial quality control, as cellular/vascular senescence is induced by ox-LDL, and AT1R inhibition improves the adverse effects of ox-LDL. Our findings suggest that diet-induced obesity may impair the function and inhibit autophagy of T cells, possibly leading to the dysregulation of T cell homeostasis, which may be behind the aggravation of inflammation commonly observed in obesity.
- Mektovi (binimetinib) / Ono Pharma, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer
Phase I study of hydroxychloroquine plus binimetinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (the HOPE trial). (In-Person Only | Level 1, West Hall; Poster Board - Q10) - Dec 4, 2021 - Abstract #ASCOGI2022ASCO_GI_377;
P1
Key secondary endpoints include safety and toxicity profile, response rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). This study is ongoing and has enrolled 10 patients at the time of submission.
- | Journal: Hepatocyte-derived exosomal miR-27a activateshepatic stellate cells through the inhibitionof PINK1-mediated mitophagy in MAFLD. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 3, 2021
Both in vitro and in vivo, exosomes derived from miR-27a-knockdown HCs could not facilitate the abovementioned deteriorating effects. In conclusion, lipotoxic HC-exosomal miR-27a plays a pivotal role in inhibiting mitophagy and in promoting MAFLD-related liver fibrosis by negatively regulating PINK1 expression.
- | fasudil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Fasudil prevents neomycin-induced hair cell damage by inhibiting autophagy through the miR-489/NDP52 signaling pathway in HEI-OC1 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
Therefore, Fas may upregulate the expression of miR-489 to negatively regulate the expression of NDP52 at the post-transcriptional level, which in turn inhibits the activation of mitophagy and cell injury induced by Neo. Thus, Fas may act as a novel therapeutic option in the clinical treatment of hearing loss in the future.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Myocardial Fibrosis Development via PERK-Mediated Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
To address this aim, therefore, H9c2 cells were treated with PERK agonist and inhibitor after establishment of rapamycin-induced ERS models in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts...On the other hand, elevated autophagy activity could downregulated PERK level. Our finding showed that PERK activity mediates upregulation of ERS-induced autophagy and regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
- | Journal: REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage-1)/autophagy inhibition ameliorates fine particulate matter (PM2.5) -induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
Furthermore, interference with REDD1 alleviated PM2.5-induced cell damage, inflammatory response and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells through inhibiting autophagy. REDD1/autophagy inhibition ameliorates PM2.5-induced viability damage, inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells.
- | docetaxel / Generic mfg.
Journal: HORMAD1 promotes docetaxel resistance in triple negative breast cancer by enhancing DNA damage tolerance. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
The present data indicated that HORMAD1 was involved in autophagy and that the inhibition of autophagy can partially enhance the induction of apoptosis by Doc. The role of HORMAD1 in the DNA damage tolerance of tumor cells may be the main reason for Doc resistance; hence, HORMAD1 could be an important therapeutic target in TNBC.
- | Journal: Phlorizin from sweet tea inhibits the progress of esophageal cancer by antagonizing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
Notably, phlorizin might inhibit the proteins in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which would affect cancer cells. Taken together, the present data showed that phlorizin inhibited the progression of esophageal cancer by antagonizing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
- | vinorelbine tartrate / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg., docetaxel / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy inhibition and microRNA‑199a‑5p upregulation in paclitaxel‑resistant A549/T lung cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that miR‑199a‑5p may contribute to MDR development in lung cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy and targeting p62. The regulatory effect of miR‑199a‑5p on autophagy may provide novel insights for future multidrug‑resistant lung cancer chemotherapy.
- | amitriptyline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Sensitizing TRAIL‑resistant A549 lung cancer cells and enhancing TRAIL‑induced apoptosis with the antidepressant amitriptyline. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
The expression levels of LC3‑II and p62 were significantly higher in amitriptyline‑treated cells, which confirmed that amitriptyline blocks autophagy by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Overall, the present results contributed to understanding the mechanism responsible for the synergistic anticancer effect of amitriptyline and TRAIL and also presented a novel mechanism involved in DR4 and DR5 upregulation.
- | Journal: Distinct effects of different doses of kaempferol on D‑GalN/LPS‑induced ALF depend on the autophagy pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
It was also shown that pretreatment with 3‑methyadenine or autophagy related 7 small interfering RNA, to inhibit autophagy, partially abrogated the hepatoprotective effects of pretreatment with 5 mg/kg kaempferol in the ALF mouse model. These results demonstrate that the effects of different doses of kaempferol on D‑GalN/LPS‑induced ALF varies based on the dose, and that kaempferol exerted its effects via regulation of the autophagy pathway.
- || Review, Journal: Therapeutic Targeting of Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2021
This article provides a brief review of the therapeutic opportunity of inhibiting autophagy in pancreatic cancer. The autophagic process, importance of autophagy in pancreatic cancer, relevant clinical trials, and new agents in preclinical and clinical development are discussed.
- | LY294002 / Eli Lilly
Journal: Melatonin prevents neuroinflammation and relieves depression by attenuating autophagy impairment through FOXO3a regulation. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2021
Interestingly, inhibitors treatment significantly abolished and reversed the anti-depressive, pro-autophagy and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin. The present study concludes that the anti-depressive effects of melatonin in LPS-induced depression might be mediated via autophagy modulation through FOXO3a signaling.
- | GDC-0349 / Roche
Journal: Expression of long-chain noncoding RNA GAS5 in osteoarthritis and its effect on apoptosis and autophagy of osteoarthritis chondrocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2021
GAS5 expresses highly in OA cartilage tissues and increases with the progression of OA. GAS5 inhibits autophagy and promotes the apoptosis of OACs, and the inhibition of autophagy may be related to its regulation of mTOR.
- | Journal: Total Glucosides of Paeony Inhibited Autophagy and Improved Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN Axis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2021
TGP improved cell viability and inhibited the autophagy in HR model of HK-2 cells via lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN axis. TGP inhibited autophagy and improved AKI induced by I/R via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN axis.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Inhibitory effect of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor on autophagy in MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2021
According to our results, BBI could inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Thus, BBI may be used as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of breast cancer whether alone or with chemotherapeutic drugs.
- | Preclinical, Journal: NPAS2 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats via CX3CL1 pathways and regulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2021
research demonstrated that overexpression of NPAS2 interacts with Cry2 and promotes the transcriptional activity of CX3CL1. Moreover, overexpression of NPAS2 regulates the downstream AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy in order to improve rat cardiac I/R injury.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Effect of Cisatracurium to Intensify Diaphragmatic Atrophy in Mechanically Ventilated Rats (Pubmed Central) - Nov 30, 2021
Mechanical ventilation for 24 h caused diaphragm atrophy in SD rats. Cisatracurium may aggravate diaphragm atrophy in mechanically ventilated rats through the autophagy-lysosome (AL) pathway, a process that may be related to the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, and chloroquine may reduce diaphragmatic atrophy induced by cisatracurium by blocking the AL pathway.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: The P2RY12 receptor promotes VSMC-derived foam cell formation by inhibiting autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Therefore, we conclude that activation of the P2RY12 receptor decreases cholesterol efflux and promotes VSMC-derived foam cell formation by blocking autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. Our study thus suggests that the P2RY12 receptor is a therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis.
- | Journal: Irisin promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating autophagy via the Wnt//β-catenin signal pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
However, inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 negatively regulated osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, the present results suggested that irisin may stimulate autophagy in BMSCs and that osteogenic differentiation may be enhanced by stimulating autophagy.
- | MRT68921 / University of Dundee
Journal: ULK1 inhibitor induces spindle microtubule disorganization and inhibits phosphorylation of Ser10 of histone H3. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Herein, we report that the ULK1 inhibitors SBI-0206965/MRT68921 not only inhibit phosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10) and delay chromatin condensation but also induce spindle microtubule disorganization to form short and fragmented microtubule polymers...Although the effect on mitotic entry was moderate, polyploidy formation was decreased in ULK1 knockout cells with/without ULK2 knockdown. In conclusion, it will be helpful to consider the roles of ULK1 inhibitors in mitotic dysregulation as well as autophagy when evaluating their anti-tumor efficacy.
- | Journal: Repurposing antitussive benproperine phosphate against pancreatic cancer depends on autophagy arrest. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy or overexpression of RAB11A partially reversed BPP-induced growth inhibition in PC cells, suggesting that BPP might induce lethal autophagy arrest in PC cells. Together, our study identifies BPP as a potent anti-tumor agent for PC by inducing autophagy arrest, providing a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PC.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine restricts murine cytomegalovirus replication. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA restricts virus replication and promotes caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in the eyecup and MEFs with MCMV infection. It can be explained that during the early period of MCMV infection, suppressed autophagy process directly reduced virus release, but later caspase-3 dependent apoptosis dominated and resulted in decreased virus replication.
- | Journal: Bidirectional role of reactive oxygen species during inflammasome activation in acrolein-induced human EAhy926 cells pyroptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
In summary, acrolein induced cytotoxicity by ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and ROS upregulates the level of autophagy to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome excessive activation, indicating the bidirectional role of ROS in acrolein-induced cellular inflammation. Our results may provide novel mechanistic insights into acrolein-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
- | diazepam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Quantification of intracellular ACBP/DBI levels. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), also called diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is a ubiquitous protein that can be secreted from cells by an unconventional pathway...Conversely, when autophagy is inhibited, during pathological (obesity) or physiological (after-meal) situations, the intracellular levels of ACBP/DBI increase resulting in the activation of lipid anabolism, this effect has been demonstrated to be the link between obesity and autophagy inhibition. Here, we detail three different protocols for the detection of the ACBP/DBI levels by immunofluorescence, image flow cytometry or immunoblot techniques, which allow the quantification of ACBP/DBI levels and, indirectly, its autophagy-dependent release.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Transcription Factor E2F1 Knockout Promotes Mice White Adipose Tissue Browning Through Autophagy Inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
These results verified that E2F1 knockout exerted effects on inducing mice WAT browning through autophagy inhibition in vivo and in vitro. These findings regarding the molecular mechanism of E2F1-modulated autophagy in controlling WAT plasticity, provide a novel insight into the functional network with the potential therapeutic application against obesity.
- | progesterone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Protein Kinase A and 5' AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Exert Opposite Effects on Induction of Autophagy in Luteal Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
In the absence of pregnancy the ovarian corpus luteum undergoes regression, a process characterized by decreased production of progesterone and structural luteolysis involving apoptosis...Pretreatment with AICAR, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, inhibited LH-mediated effects on RPTOR, ULK1 and BECN1. Our results indicate that luteotrophic signaling via LH/PKA/MTOR inhibits, while luteolytic signaling via PGF2α/Ca/AMPK activates key signaling pathways involved in luteal cell autophagy.
- | Journal: Effects of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharide extract on autophagy of endoplasmic reticulum in laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Compared with 3-MA group, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation and apoptotic index AI in HDPE 400 mg/L group were increased, the positive rate of MDC was decreased, the expressions of GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP and LC3I/LC3II ratio were increased, and the expression of Beclin-1 was decreased (P＜0.05). HDPE may inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and promoting the apoptosis of endoplasmic reticulum stress in laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells.
- | Journal: Thunbergia laurifolia Leaf Extract Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cell Death through Mitophagy Signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Our findings indicate that TLE protects cells from neuronal death by stimulating the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity via the mitophagy-autophagy pathway. TLE might have potential as an alternative or therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
- || Clinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Dysregulated Autophagy Leads to Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Expression of ABC Transporters in Women with Early Miscarriage. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Increasing ABCG2 expression could represent a protective feedback mechanism under inhibited autophagy conditions. In conclusion, dysregulated autophagy combined with increased oxidative toxicity and aberrant expression of placental ABC transporters affects materno-fetal health in EMC.
- || cisplatin / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Combined Evaluation of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 for Biological and Clinical Significance in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Astonishingly, the autophagy inhibitor accumulated the protein levels of MAP1LC3B/SQSTM1 and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and paclitaxel in MCF7 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines, implying that autophagy inhibition might result in poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in IDC. Taken together, high co-expression of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for IDC patients.