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- | Journal: Fin56-induced ferroptosis is supported by autophagy-mediated GPX4 degradation and functions synergistically with mTOR inhibition to kill bladder cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
We found that Fin56 synergizes with Torin 2 in cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our findings not only support the concept that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death but imply that the combined application of ferroptosis inducers and mTOR inhibitors is a promising approach to improve therapeutic options in the treatment of bladder cancer.
- | Journal: Reciprocal regulation between ER stress and autophagy in renal tubular fibrosis and apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Interestingly, in both TM- or TGF-β1-treated kidney proximal tubular cells, inhibition of autophagy exaggerated ER stress, suggesting that autophagy induced by ER stress provides a negative feedback mechanism to reduce the stress. Together, these results unveil a reciprocal regulation between ER stress and autophagy in chronic kidney injury and fibrosis.
- | Preclinical, Journal: MicroRNA-590-3p inhibits T helper 17 cells and ameliorates inflammation in lupus mice. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Our work revealed that miR-590-3p inhibited Th17 cells by suppressing autophagy and that increased miR-590-3p expression was able to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of lupus. Therefore, miR-590-3p may be a promising therapeutic target for SLE and other Th17 cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: LC3 and NLRC5 interaction inhibits NLRC5-mediated MHC class I antigen presentation pathway in endometrial cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between NLRC5 and LC3 levels, and LC3 interacted with NLRC5 to inhibit NLRC5-mediated MHC-I antigen presentation pathway in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our findings demonstrated that an upregulation of LC3 in EC patients may contribute to tumor immune escape by restricting the NLRC5-mediated MHC-I antigen presentation pathway, signifying inhibiting LC3 and promoting NLRC5 may be a promising immunotherapy strategy in the management of EC.
- | Biomarker, Journal: N-myristoyltransferase-1 deficiency blocks myristoylation of LAMTOR1 and inhibits bladder cancer progression. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Importantly, B13, an inhibitor of NMT1 enzymatic activity, exerted its anti-tumor effects against bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings uncover a molecular mechanism of NMT1 in modulating bladder cancer progression and indicate that targeting NMT1 may represent a novel clinical intervention in bladder cancer.
- | Journal: Naringenin Regulates FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 Axis in Autophagy and Proliferation of Breast Cancer and Differentiation and Maturation of Dendritic Cell. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Therefore, our study found that naringenin could induce inhibition of autophagy and cell proliferation in BC cells and enhance DC differentiation and maturation, at least in part, though regulation of FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 signaling pathway. Identification of FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 axis would provide insights for novel anti-tumor strategy against BC among tumor microenvironment.
- | everolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Everolimus Alleviates Renal Allograft Interstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Not Only via Inducing Autophagy but Also via Stabilizing IκB-α. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
In addition, we found that TNF-α activated EMT through protein kinase B (Akt) as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway according to the RNA sequencing, and EVR's effect on the EMT was only associated with IκB-α stabilization instead of the Akt pathway. Together, our findings suggest that EVR may retard impaired autophagic flux and block NF-κB pathway activation, and thereby prevent progression of TNF-α-induced EMT and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.
- | acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Acetyl l-carnitine protects adipose-derived stem cells against serum-starvation: regulation on the network composed of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Evidence obtained by replacing ALC with N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) suggested that ROS might be the central inducer of autophagy, apoptosis and senescence...Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partially offset the protective effect of ALC. However, despite low-level ROS and enhanced autophagy, ALC with high concentration (10 mM) markedly aggravated cell apoptosis and senescence, thus losing cytoprotection and even causing damage.
- || ropivacaine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Local Anesthetic Ropivacaine Exhibits Therapeutic Effects in Cancers. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
In this review, we attempted to summarize the research past decade of using ropivacaine in suppressing cancer growth and sensitizing anticancer drugs both in-vitro and in-vivo, and tried to interpret the underlying action modes. The information gained in these findings may inspire multidisciplinary efforts to develop/discover more novel anticancer agents via drug repurposing.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg., gefitinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: Plasmodium Circumsporozoite Protein Enhances the Efficacy of Gefitinib in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy via Proteasomal Degradation of LC3B. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 22, 2022
Cycloheximide (CHX), MG132, TAK-243, and immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect and confirm proteasomal degradation of LC3B...Cell viability and colony formed ability were recovered when OE-CSP cells were exposed to rapamycin...When LUAD cells were treated with ubiquitin activating enzyme inhibitor TAK-243, cell viability, apoptosis, and growth were comparable between the OE-CSP group and a control group both in vivo and in vitro. CSP can inhibit gefitinib-induced autophagy via proteasomal degradation of LC3B, which suggests that CSP could be used as an autophagy inhibitor to sensitize EGFR-TKIs.
- ||| Concurrent inhibition of IGF1R and ERK increases #PancreaticCancer sensitivity to Autophagy inhibitors. From @bryant_kl & @derlabunc in @CR_AACR (#OpenAccess) https://t.co/YUsbeTEeUA (Twitter) - Feb 20, 2022
- | Journal: Puerarin protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating LncRNA ANRIL and inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Puerarin reversed the effects of knockdown of ANRIL on H/R-injured cells. The results of In vivo experiments confirmed that puerarin protected myocardial tissues by up-regulating ANRIL and inhibiting autophagy.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Pseudo-ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Protective Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
The results of In vivo experiments confirmed that puerarin protected myocardial tissues by up-regulating ANRIL and inhibiting autophagy. Pseudo-G-Rh2 could induce protective autophagy in HepG2 cells, at least in part, via AMPK and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
- || Review, Journal: Autophagy in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma: from bench to bedside. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Besides, we review the findings regarding the treatment of tRCC via induction or inhibition of autophagy. Hopefully, this study will shed some light on the functions and implications of autophagy and emphasize its role as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in tRCC.
- | echinomycin / Merck (MSD)
Preclinical, Journal: HIF-1α Activation Promotes Luteolysis by Enhancing ROS Levels in the Corpus Luteum of Pseudopregnant Rats. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Inhibition of HIF-1α by echinomycin (Ech), a potent HIF-1α inhibitor, ameliorated the upregulation of BNIP3 and NIX, as well as the induction of autophagy and the accumulation of ROS in luteal cells on Day 21 of pseudopregnancy...Taken together, our results indicated that HIF-1α signaling is involved in the regression of CL by modulating ROS production via orchestrating autophagy. Inhibition of HIF-1α could obviously hamper the apoptosis of luteal cells and the process of luteal regression.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/mas receptor axis triggers autophagy and suppresses microglia proinflammatory polarization via forkhead box class O1 signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
We further used chloroquine (CQ) to block autophagy and showed that suppressing either FOXO1 or autophagy abrogated the anti-inflammatory action of AVE...Cotreatment with AS1842856 or CQ all led to autophagic inhibition and thereby abolished Ang(1-7)-induced remission on NLRP3 inflammasome activation caused by LPS exposure, shifting the microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Collectively, these results firstly illustrated the mechanism of ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axis in neuroinflammation, strongly indicating the involvement of FOXO1-mediated autophagy in the neuroimmune-modulating effects triggered by MasR activation.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibition of autophagy mitigates cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
In thyroid cancer cell lines, inhibition of autophagy attenuates cancer stem cell viability, cell migration, and invasion suggesting a role for autophagy in the progression of thyroid cancer. Greater understanding of autophagy regulation in thyroid cancer will aid in developing targeted therapeutics.
- | Journal: The imbalance of PGD2-DPs pathway is involved in the type 2 diabetes brain injury by regulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Subsequently, we suggested that PKA could directly interact with mTOR through PKA-C(α) and PKA-C(β). Our results suggest that the imbalance in PGD2-DPs is related to changes in autophagy levels in T2D brain damage, and PGD2 is involved in T2D brain damage by promoting autophagy via DP1-PKA/mTOR and inhibiting autophagy via DP2-PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
- | Journal: Ferritinophagy-Mediated ROS Production Contributed to Proliferation Inhibition, Apoptosis, and Ferroptosis Induction in Action of Mechanism of 2-Pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate Acetate. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
To investigate the role of ferritinophagy, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenin or genetic knockdown of NCOA4 was employed to inhibit ferritinophagy, which significantly neutralized the action of PdtaA in both apoptosis and ferroptosis. Taken together, PdtaA-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and ferroptosis were associated with ferritinophagy.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Up-regulation of microRNA miR-101-3p enhances sensitivity to cisplatin via regulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) Anti-human AGT4D and autophagy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Our findings indicated that miR-101-3p could regulate sensitivity to cisplatin of NSNCC cells by regulating autophagy mediated by ATG4D. Therefore, miR-101-3p may act as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
- | remifentanil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Remifentanil attenuates sepsis-induced intestinal injury by inducing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Finally, the aforementioned assays were conducted again after 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, was used on these cells to investigate whether RFT exerted its effects on LPS-treated IEC-6 cells via modulation of autophagy.RFT alleviates LPS-induced IEC-6 cell inflammation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and autophagy-related proteins were expressed at higher levels when RFT was used on these cells. Nevertheless, further treatment of 3-MA weakened the restorative impacts of RFT on the inflammation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis of these cells.To conclude, this paper is the first to present evidence that RFT attenuates sepsis-induced intestinal injury by inducing autophagy, which will provide instructions for the future investigations into the use of RFT in treatment of intestinal injury.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Baicalin suppresses glaucoma pathogenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Baicalin also inhibited autophagy and activated PI3K/AKT signaling in vivo. In conclusion, baicalin suppresses glaucoma pathogenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: miRNA-144 targeting DNAJC3-AS1 reverses the resistance of the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 to doxorubicin. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Overexpression of miR-144 can reduce drug resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy or targeting DNAJC3-AS1 for downregulation. miR-144/DNAJC3-AS1 provide a new target for reducing drug resistance in breast cancer.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Preclinical efficacy and involvement of mTOR signaling in the mechanism of Orf virus against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Our data clarified that ORFV induces autophagy of NPC cells via inhibiting mTOR signaling, thus further inducing apoptosis. The anti-tumor role of ORFV might provide a preclinical strategy for NPC treatment.
- | arsenic trioxide / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Arsenic trioxide-induced autophagy affected the antioxidant capacity and apoptosis rate of chicken hepatocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Inhibition of autophagy exacerbated ATO-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that autophagy plays an important role in ATO-induced cell damage.
- | MG132 / Jilin University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
Journal: Capsaicin inhibits the stemness of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells by triggering autophagy-lysosome mediated OCT4A degradation. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Collectively, our study firstly showed CAP suppressed the stemness of ATC cells partially via calcium-dependent autophagic degradation of OCT4A. Our study lent credence to the feasible application of capsaicin in limiting ATC stemness.
- | Journal: Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorating CDAHFD-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
In hepatic stellate (HSC-T6) cells, G-Rg2 reversed lipopolysaccharide-induced activation through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting autophagy. Thus, G-Rg2 ameliorates CDAHFD-induced liver fibrosis and lipopolysaccharide-induced HSC-T6 cell activation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy.
- | venlafaxine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker, Epigenetic controller: Modulation of histone deacetylase, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy underlies the neuroprotective effects of venlafaxine in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in rats. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Moreover, venlafaxine hampered depressive symptoms and improved hippocampal noradrenaline and serotonin levels. Collectively, venlafaxine is suggested to display neuroprotective effects with improvement of motor and non-motor PD symptoms.
- | clindamycin phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ethyl Extract of Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire Ameliorates Experimental Aerobic Vaginitis by Inhibiting Autophagy Activation. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Additionally, when compared to the normal group, IHC, western blot, and ELISA revealed no statistically significant difference in the expressions of Beclin1 and LC3B in the model and low-concentration groups, but decreased to varying degrees in the clindamycin, medium-concentration, and high-concentration groups, with no correlation between Beclin1 and LC3B. Medium- and high-concentration BRF ethyl extracts effectively treated AV in rats by inhibiting excessive autophagy activation and could be applied in the clinic future.
- chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., imipramine / Generic mfg.
Sphingolipid Regulation of Lysosomal Fitness in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Homeostasis and Cigarette Smoke Exposure (Area F, Hall F (North Building, Exhibition Level), Moscone Center) - Feb 19, 2022 - Abstract #ATS2022ATS_4919;
These findings suggest that an optimal sphingosine/S1P ratio is required for LYNUS signaling and anchorage of TFEB to the lysosomes during homeostasis and for proper autophagic flux during stress response. Restoration of the sphingosine/S1P rheostat improve autophagy and reengage cell repair during CS which may by of therapeutic importance in emphysema and COPD.
- IL5-Priming Increases Autophagy and Does Not Lead to Eosinophil Release of Toxic Content by Cytolysis (Room 303-304 (South Building, Level 3), Moscone Center) - Feb 19, 2022 - Abstract #ATS2022ATS_3997;
This reduction in the release of eosinophil toxic products may attenuate the damage caused by eosinophilic inflammation. In addition, the study indicates that in absence of IL5, IL3 may cause greater eosinophil-related tissue damage.
- || sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: The interplay of ROS and the PI3K/Akt pathway in autophagy regulation. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 17, 2022
Akt acts by activating a mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and by arresting autophagic gene expression...Studies conducted on cells treated with flavonoids and ionizing radiation showed that the moderate increase in ROS levels in the flavonoid treated groups corresponded with higher PTEN levels and lowered Akt levels leading to a higher occurrence of autophagy. In contrast, higher ROS level evoked by ionizing radiation caused a lowering of the incidence of autophagy.
- | progesterone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene suppresses mitophagy via ANT1-PINK1-Parkin pathway in ovarian corpus luteum during early pregnancy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 17, 2022
As the primary organ of progesterone synthesis during early pregnancy, the ovarian corpus luteum (CL) is essential for embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance...Overexpression of ANT1 in KGN cells partially relieved the inhibition of mitophagy caused by BPDE, restored mitochondrial function and expression of hormone synthesis-associated genes. Collectively, our study firstly clarified that BaP and BPDE suppress mitophagy of CL cells via the ANT1-PINK1-Parkin pathway, which provides a new insight to explore the detailed mechanism of the BaP-induced ovarian toxicity.
- || Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel) / BMS, Otsuka
Clinical, Journal: SMAD4 loss is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 16, 2022
P1/2, P2
The addition of HCQ to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PDA may improve treatment response in those with SMAD4 loss. Further study of the relationship among SMAD4, autophagy, and treatment outcomes in PDA is warranted.
- || Clinical, Journal: Cinchona Alkaloid-Inspired Urea-Containing Autophagy Inhibitor Shows Single-Agent Anticancer Efficacy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 16, 2022
Systemic administration of nanoscale C1 significantly suppressed primary tumor growth and prevented distant metastasis while maintaining a desirable safety profile. Our findings demonstrate that C1 combines autophagy modulation and apoptosis induction in a single molecule, making it a promising therapeutic option for HCC.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: CHK1 protects oncogenic KRAS-expressing cells from DNA damage and is a target for pancreatic cancer treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 16, 2022
CHK1 inhibition also activates ERK and AMPK and increases autophagy, providing a mechanistic basis for increased efficacy of concurrent CHK1 and ERK inhibition and/or autophagy inhibition with chloroquine...Furthermore, ERK inhibition alone decreases RIF1 expression and phenocopies RIF1 depletion. We conclude that concurrent DDR suppression enhances the efficacy of ERK and/or autophagy inhibitors in KRAS mutant PDAC.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy-mediated degradation of NOTCH1 intracellular domain controls the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 16, 2022
We conclude that concurrent DDR suppression enhances the efficacy of ERK and/or autophagy inhibitors in KRAS mutant PDAC. These findings suggest that the cellular level of NICD is regulated by autophagy during cancer progression and that targeting autophagy-dependent NICD/SNAI1 degradation could be a strategy for the development of cancer therapeutics.
- | Journal: BIX-01294, a G9a inhibitor, suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting autophagic flux in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Mechanistic studies have found that BIX impairs autophagosomes by initiating autophagy in a Beclin-1-independent way, and impairs autophagic degradation by inhibiting lysosomal cathepsin D activation, leading to lysosomal dysfunction. BIX was able to suppress tumor growth, possibly by inhibiting autophagic flux; it might therefore constitute a promising candidate for NPC therapy.
- | lovastatin / Generic mfg., hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., deoxyglucose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy inhibitors increase the susceptibility of KRAS-mutant human colorectal cancer cells to a combined treatment of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and lovastatin. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
These in vitro experiment results were reproduced in a nude mouse xenograft model of HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that concurrently targeting glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy may be a promising regimen for the management of RAS-driven colorectal cancers.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Protective effects of berberine against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuron injury through promoting autophagy in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Berberine's actions were abolished by pre-treatment with 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) or compound c (an AMPK inhibitor) in the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggested that the protective effects of berberine on the toxicity of MPTP could be attributed to berberine-enhanced autophagy via the AMPK dependent pathway.
- | Journal: Overexpression of lncRNA SLC26A4-AS1 inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma progression through recruiting ETS1 to promote ITPR1-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
In conclusion, our study elucidated that SLC26A4-AS1 overexpression promoted ITPR1 expression through recruiting ETS1 and thereby promotes autophagy, alleviating PTC progression. These finding provides insight into novel target therapy for the clinical treatment of PTC.
- | Preclinical, Journal: MCC950, the NLRP3 Inhibitor, Protects against Cartilage Degradation in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experimental results revealed that MCC950 might play a protective role in cartilage by regulating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1, PI3k/Akt/mTOR, P38/MAPK, and JNK/MAPK pathways. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 might serve as a promising strategy for OA treatment.
- | Journal: Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Autophagy Cargo Receptor SQSTM1 Inhibits Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection through Selective Autophagic Degradation of Double-Stranded Viral RNA. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
The amount of dsRNA decreased greatly in cells that overexpressed the autophagy-required protein VPS34 or autophagy cargo receptor SQSTM1, while it increased significantly in SQSTM1 or VPS34 knockout cells or by treating wild-type cells with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine or wortmannin...Overexpression of SQSTM1 inhibited the replication of IBDV, while knockout of SQSTM1 promoted IBDV replication. Therefore, our findings reveal the role of SQSTM1 in clearing viral dsRNA through selective autophagy, highlighting the antiviral role of autophagy in the removal of the viral genome.
- | Journal: Menthol Targeting AMPK Alleviates the Inflammatory Response of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Restores the Synthesis of Milk Fat and Milk Protein. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Overall, the data suggest that menthol activates the AMPK-ULK1 pathway to initiate the onset of autophagy and maintains the level of autophagy through the AMPK-Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, the findings suggest that menthol may alleviate the inflammatory response in BMECs via the AMPK/ULK1/Nrf-2/autophagy pathway.
- | Remicade (infliximab) / Merck (MSD), Mitsubishi Tanabe, J&J
Biomarker, Journal: Derlin-1, as a Potential Early Predictive Biomarker for Nonresponse to Infliximab Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Is Related to Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
The 25-gene signature may have potential predictive value for the therapeutic effect of IFX in RA at the beginning of IFX treatment, and autophagy may be involved in nonresponse to IFX treatment. In particular, DERL1 may be associated with the regulation of autophagy.
- | Journal: miR-505 inhibits replication of Borna disease virus 1 via inhibition of HMGB1-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Further regulating the expression of miR-505 found that overexpression of miR-505 significantly inhibited HMGB1-mediated autophagy. The discovery of this mechanism may provide new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of BoDV-1 infection in the future.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy Contributes to the Rapamycin-Induced Improvement of Otitis Media. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Our results suggest that autophagy impairment is involved in PGPS-induced OM and that RPM improves OM at least partly by relieving autophagy impairment. Modulating autophagic activity by RPM may be a possible effective treatment strategy for OM.
- | Journal: FOXK2 promotes the proliferation of papillary thyroid cancer cell by down-regulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2022
Finally, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA attenuated autophagy activation and rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by FOXK2 knockdown, suggesting that FOXK2 silencing inhibits cell proliferation through up-regulating autophagy. These findings revealed an important role of FOXK2 in PTC progression and suggested that FOXK2 might be a potential new target for the diagnosis and treatment of PTC.
- | Journal: The role of the Hippo pathway in autophagy in the heart. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 13, 2022
Thus, the Hippo pathway and autophagy regulate each other, thereby profoundly affecting cardiomyocyte survival and death. This review discusses the interaction between the Hippo pathway and autophagy and its functional significance during stress conditions in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein.