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- | Preclinical, Journal: miR-296-5p promotes autophagy in mouse LS8 cells under excessive fluoride via AMPK/ULK1 pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 6, 2022
The change of ULK1 by miR-296-5p may be accomplished through AMPK. Thus, miR-296-5p may improve the secretion of autophagic mediators by activating AMPK/ULK1 expression in fluorosis, suggesting that miR-296-5p, AMPK/ULK1 may be potential therapeutic targets under the higher fluoride stimulation.
- | Visanne (dienogest) / Mochida, Bayer
Journal: Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by progesterone is attenuated by abnormal autophagy induction in endometriotic cyst stromal cells: implications for endometriosis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 6, 2022
In conclusion, our results suggest that progesterone inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through autophagy in endometrial stromal cells. However, this inhibitory effect is attenuated in endometriotic stromal cells due to an aberrant autophagic response to progesterone, which could lead to an altered inflammatory response in endometriosis.
- SARS-Cov-2 Non-Structural Proteins Modulate Autophagy and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis in Trophoblasts and Dysregulate the Renin Angiotensin Pathway Associated with Preeclampsia. () - Apr 6, 2022 - Abstract #SRI2022SRI_229;
Our findings also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 blocks autophagosome/lysosome fusion via ORF3a. Ongoing efforts are underway to further elucidate the specific role of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs and their related mechanisms in the placenta, and these may also provide attractive drug targets for intervention.
- | Journal: Autophagy in stromal fibroblasts promotes tumor desmoplasia and mammary tumorigenesis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
As a result, autophagy in stromal fibroblasts is required for mammary tumor growth in vivo, even when the cancer cells themselves remain autophagy-competent . We propose the efficacy of autophagy inhibition is shaped by this ability of host stromal fibroblast autophagy to support tumor desmoplasia.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Activation of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway by Epstein-Barr Virus-Latent Membrane Protein 1 Enhances Autophagy and Cisplatin Resistance in T-Cell Lymphoma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Inhibition of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 blocked the promoting effects of LMP1 on lymphoma cell resistance. In conclusion, EBV-LMP1 promotes cell autophagy after DDP treatment by activating the MEK1/2/Nrf-2 signaling pathway in lymphoma cells, thus, enhancing the resistance of lymphoma cells to DDP.
- | Journal: Caffeine Inhibits Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome via Autophagy to Attenuate Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
However, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-specific siRNA abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeine treatment in PM and BV2 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that caffeine exerts a newly discovered effect on EAE by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the induction of autophagy in microglia.
- | Journal: Transcription factor EB enhances autophagy and ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance at least partly via upregulating AMPK activity in skeletal muscle cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Taken together, our data demonstrated that upregulation of TFEB improved PA-induced IR in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing autophagy and upregulating AMPK activity. TFEB, as a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, may be a potential therapeutic target for IR and Type 2 diabetes.
- | Journal: The unique Akt inhibitor SC66 suppressed AMPK activity and abolished autophagy through the EGFR-p62 pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
SC66 increased the interaction between EGFR and Beclin 1 and markedly decreased the association of EGFR with VPS34, a critical protein for autophagy induction. Collectively, the data presented here indicate that EGFR-p62 pathway plays a critical role in Akt-mediated positive regulation of autophagy.
- | Journal: Co-delivery of the autophagy inhibitor si-Beclin1 and the doxorubicin nano-delivery system for advanced prostate cancer treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Compared with DOX or si-Beclin1 treatment alone, the Co-PMs showed a 3.4-fold greater tumor inhibitory potential in vivo, indicative of a significant antiproliferative effect. Our results suggested that the Co-PMs developed in this study have the potential to combine autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy in cancer treatment, especially for PCa.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Reverse relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in an in vitro model of cortical neuronal injury. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
After successful establishment of an OGD/R model with cortical neurons, the autophagy activator rapamycin (Rap) or the late-autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) was added to cell groups according to the experimental design...After BafA1 intervention, however, these results were reversed, with decreased cell viability, a significantly increased apoptosis rate, and disrupted autophagic flux. In conclusion, enhanced autophagy activation or autophagic flux exerted a significant protective effect on neurons after OGD/R injury in vitro.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Gambogenic Acid Inhibits Basal Autophagy of Drug-Resistant Hepatoma Cells and Improves Its Sensitivity to Adriamycin. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Further detection of protein expression found that the intracellular LC3-II to LC3-I ratio and Beclin 1 protein expression increased in the combination of GNA and ADM, but the protein level of p62 increased significantly. GNA inhibit protective autophagy in BEL-7402/ADM cells and promote the role of ADM in inducing apoptosis, thereby increasing ADM sensitivity to BEL-7402/ADM cells, and the effect of GNA inhibition of autophagy may be achieved by inhibiting the degradation of autophagosomes.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Leukemia inhibitory factor prevents chicken follicular atresia through PI3K/AKT and Stat3 signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, triggered the elevation of GC apoptosis within follicles, and then prevented follicular growth...Additionally, blocking PI3K/AKT and Stat3 pathways resulted in the reduction of LIF protection against follicular atresia. These findings illustrated that LIF activated the PI3K/AKT and Stat3 signaling pathways to inhibit GC autophagic cell death, and further relieve chicken follicular atresia.
- | Journal: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory body-induced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
In conclusion, 2,4-D enhanced cell migration, promoted oxidative stress, induced excessive release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, promoted microglial cell activation, released inflammatory factors, activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, and inhibited autophagy. Meanwhile, LBP reduced inflammation and the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and regulated autophagy, thereby playing a neuroprotective role.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: MiRNA-122-5p inhibitor abolishes angiotensin II-mediated loss of autophagy and promotion of apoptosis in rat cardiofibroblasts by modulation of the apelin-AMPK-mTOR signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
In contrast, administration of miRNA-122-5p mimics and autophagy inhibitor 3-methylademine reversed beneficial roles of Pyr-apelin-13. Collectively, these data indicated that miRNA-122-5p is an essential regulator of autophagy and apoptosis in rat CFs via the apelin/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, which may be potentially used as a therapeutic target in myocardial fibrosis and related diseases.
- | Journal: Acute exercise rapidly activates hepatic mitophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Moreover, the results suggest that exercise induced hepatic mitophagy is likely mediated by both poly-ubiquitination and receptor mediated signaling pathways. Overall, we provide evidence that acute exercise activates hepatic mitophagic flux while also revealing specific receptor-mediated proteins by which exercise maintains mitochondrial quality control in the liver.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Phosphorylation of BCL2 at the Ser70 site mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Overall, we provide evidence that acute exercise activates hepatic mitophagic flux while also revealing specific receptor-mediated proteins by which exercise maintains mitochondrial quality control in the liver. RANKL activates OCP autophagy through BCL2 phosphorylation at S70, thereby promoting osteoclastogenesis, which indicates that the inactivation of BCL2 at S70 in OCPs may be a therapeutic strategy for pathological bone loss.
- | Journal: Liposomal Honokiol induces ROS-mediated apoptosis via regulation of ERK/p38-MAPK signaling and autophagic inhibition in human medulloblastoma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
RANKL activates OCP autophagy through BCL2 phosphorylation at S70, thereby promoting osteoclastogenesis, which indicates that the inactivation of BCL2 at S70 in OCPs may be a therapeutic strategy for pathological bone loss. No abstract available
- | Journal: Autophagy and cancer treatment: four functional forms of autophagy and their therapeutic applications. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Troglitazone-Induced Autophagic Cytotoxicity in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Additionally, TGZ increased LC3-II expression, and chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) attenuated TGZ-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation...These results suggest that TGZ inhibits cell proliferation through autophagy-induced cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that chemotherapy using TGZ may be effective for lung adenocarcinoma.
- | Preclinical, Journal: α-synuclein and phosphoinositide-binding proteins: α-synuclein inhibits the association of PX- but not FYVE-containing proteins with vesicles in vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
α-Syn likely inhibits the binding of PX- but not FYVE-containing proteins to PI3P because FYVE domains bind more than two-orders of magnitude tighter than PX domains. We propose that in all cells, whether yeast or human, α-syn has the potential to inhibit protein trafficking pathways that are dependent on PX-domain proteins such as sorting nexins.
- | Journal: Beclin‑1 exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury by promoting DNA damage repair through a non‑autophagy‑dependent regulatory mechanism. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
The overexpression of Beclin‑1 in neurons significantly attenuated I/R‑induced damage and promoted DSB repair. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Beclin‑1 protects neurons from ischemic damage through the non‑autophagy‑dependent regulation of DNA repair processes.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: MAP kinase-dependent autophagy controls phorbol myristate acetate-induced macrophage differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy also blocked PMA-induced macrophage differentiation of HL-60 cells. Therefore, MAP kinases ERK and JNK control PMA-induced macrophage differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells through AMPK/mTORC1-independent, TFEB/FOXO-mediated transcriptional and beclin-1-dependent post-translational activation of autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal: BRD4 Inhibition Suppresses Senescence and Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Inducing Autophagy during Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Taken together, the results of this study showed that BRD4 inhibition reduced NP cell senescence and apoptosis by induced autophagy, which ultimately alleviated IDD. Therefore, BRD4 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD.
- | Stivarga (regorafenib) / Bayer, Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal: Inhibition of the PINK1-Parkin Pathway Enhances the Lethality of Sorafenib and Regorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
Here, we found that sorafenib and regorafenib injured mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial Ca (mtCa) overload and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, resulting in mitochondria-mediated cell death, which was alleviated by cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of mPTP...Inhibition of autophagy by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) or inhibition of mitochondrial fission by mdivi-1 aggravated sorafenib- and regorafenib-induced cell death...An in vivo study showed that sorafenib and regorafenib inhibited HepG2 cell growth more effectively in PINK1 knockdown cells than in shNTC cells in null mice. Thus, our data demonstrate that PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy alleviates sorafenib and regorafenib antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.
- | Journal: The Enantiomer of Allopregnanolone Prevents Pressure-Mediated Retinal Degeneration Via Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
However, even in this model, ent-AlloP was more effective in activating autophagy than AlloP. We conclude that ent-AlloP may be a prototype of potential therapeutic for treatment of glaucoma as an autophagy enhancer without affecting GABA receptors.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: TGF-β-induced CCR8 promoted macrophage transdifferentiation into myofibroblast-like cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
We conducted experiments using CCR8-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), and an agonist (rapamycin) to explore the underlying mechanisms of macrophage transdifferentiation into myofibroblast cells in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced pulmonary fibrosis...The effect of CCR8 on TGF-β-induced macrophage transdifferentiation occurs mainly through autophagy. Targeting CCR8 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IPF.
- | dorsomorphin (Compound C) / EMD Serono
Journal: Diosmetin inhibits apoptosis and activates AMPK-induced autophagy in myocardial damage under hypoxia environment. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2022
Our findings indicated that DIOS alleviated hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis via inducing the activation of AMPK-induced autophagy. In summary, the study suggested that DIOS inhibited the apoptosis and induced the autophagy of hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes through AMPK activation.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg., ropivacaine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Melatonin Attenuates Ropivacaine-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Excessive Mitophagy Through the Parkin/PINK1 Pathway in PC12 and HT22 Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2022
We also detected the activation of Parkin and PINK1, a canonical mechanism for mitophagy regulation, and results shown that melatonin downregulated the expression of Parkin and PINK1, and upregulated Tomm20 and COXIV proteins, so that those results indicated that melatonin protected ropivacaine-induced apoptosis through suppressing excessive mitophagy by inhibiting the Parkin/PINK1 pathway. Melatonin may be a useful potential therapeutic agent against ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
- | thapsigargin / University of Nottingham, Pirbright Institute
Journal: Upregulation of Unfolded Protein Response and ER Stress-Related IL-23 Production in M1 Macrophages from Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2022
Thapsigargin was used to induce ER stress and 3-MA to inhibit autophagy...ER stress, unlike autophagy, is associated with increased IL-23 levels in macrophages of AS patients.Key Messages ER stress in macrophages from AS patients plays a role in the increased production of IL-23. The autophagy pathway is not involved in the modulation of IL-23 production by AS macrophages.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Acbp is essential for decidualization during early pregnancy in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2022
During induced decidualization, the expression of ACBP was decreased with the treatment of rapamycin (an autophagy inducer), while increased with the addition of Chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor). Our work suggests that Acbp plays an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of stromal cells during decidualization through regulating mitochondrial functions, fatty acid oxidation, and autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Differential Modulation of Autophagy Contributes to the Protective Effects of Resveratrol and Co-enzyme Q10 in Photoaged Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Our work suggests that Acbp plays an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of stromal cells during decidualization through regulating mitochondrial functions, fatty acid oxidation, and autophagy. Changes in autophagic flux are strongly implicated in photoaging associated skin damage and the differential modulation of autophagy by resveratrol and to a lesser extent by Co-enzyme-Q10 is partially involved in their therapeutic benefits.
- || imatinib / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Application of ZnO/CNT@FeOnanocomposite in amplifying the anti-leukemic effect of imatinib: a novel strategy to adjuvant therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Notably, we reported for the first time that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc resulted in an enhanced anti-leukemic effect; suggesting that the overexpression of c-Myc could play a contributory role in attenuating the efficacy of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4-plus-Imatinib in K562. Given to the established efficacy of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4 in CML cells, our preclinical results suggest that the application of this nanocomposite is an appealing strategy to boost the anti-leukemic effect of TKIs, which should be further studied in combination with other anti-cancer agents either in hematologic malignancies or solid tumors.
- || Review, Journal: Quercetin in attenuation of ischemic/reperfusion injury: A review. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Nanoparticles have been applied for delivery of quercetin, enhancing its bioavailability and efficacy in alleviation of I/R injury. Noteworthy, clinical trials have also confirmed the capability of quercetin in reducing I/R injury.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Role of autophagy in regulating interleukin-10 and the responses to corticosteroids and statins in asthma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Noteworthy, clinical trials have also confirmed the capability of quercetin in reducing I/R injury. Inhibition by corticosteroids and a statin of macrophage autophagy enhances IL-10 production, resulting in the control of asthmatic inflammation.
- | Journal: Dual Targeting of Autophagy and NF-κB Pathway by PPARγ Contributes to the Inhibitory Effect of Demethoxycurcumin on NLRP3 Inflammasome Priming. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Inhibition by corticosteroids and a statin of macrophage autophagy enhances IL-10 production, resulting in the control of asthmatic inflammation. The evidence presented here has confirmed that DMC increases PPARγ expression, resulting in autophagy and NF-κB inhibition, and subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome priming and subsequent activation.
- | Journal: Autophagy inhibition in breast cancer cells induces ROS-mediated MIF expression and M1 macrophage polarization. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Together, our results indicate an important role for the inhibition of autophagy in the regulation of ROS-mediated MIF gene expression and secretion, with paracrine effects on cancer cell signaling and pro-inflammatory repercussions in macrophage M1 polarization. This data should be considered when considering the inhibition of autophagy as a therapy for different types of cancer.
- | Journal: Artesunate induces apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells by impairing STAT3 signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
The genetic knockdown of STAT3 enhanced ART-induced autophagy and ferroptosis, and concomitantly upregulated the expression levels of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggested that ART may induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest to inhibit cell proliferation, and regulate autophagy and ferroptosis via impairing the STAT3 signaling pathway in DLBCL cells.
- | metformin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Metformin may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy via lncRNA H19 in breast cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Autophagy inducers and H19 can reverse the production of lipid ROS and the inhibition of autophagy induced by metformin. This study suggests that metformin may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy via H19, and this discovery may facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of breast cancer.
- | LY294002 / Eli Lilly
Journal: ACE2 Rescues Impaired Autophagic Flux Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Overall, ACE2 lessened neuronal injury via the autophagic flux and PI3K/AKT pathways. This research might provide a potential novel direction for clinical treatment of SAH.
- | Journal: Ferritinophagy is Involved in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Neuronal Ferroptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Additionally, autophagy inhibition also attenuated SAH prognostic indicators, such as brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neurological deficits. These findings not only present an opinion that SAH triggers neuronal ferroptosis via activation of ferritinophagy but also indicate that regulating ferritinophagy and maintaining iron homeostasis could provide clues for the prevention of early brain injury.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Ouabain-Na/K-ATPase Signaling Regulates Retinal Neuroinflammation and ROS Production Preventing Neuronal Death by an Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism Following Optic Nerve Axotomy In Vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Also, ouabain decreased reactive oxygen species production immediately after axotomy. Taken together, our results suggest that ouabain controls neuroinflammation in the retina following optic nerve axotomy and promotes RGC neuroprotection through activation of the autophagy pathway.
- || Review, Journal: A molecular insight of inflammatory cascades in rheumatoid arthritis and anti-arthritic potential of phytoconstituents. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
In the case of RA, phytochemicals have been shown to act through different pathways such as regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, T cell differentiation, inhibition of angiogenic factors, induction of the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), inhibition of autophagic pathway by inhibiting High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), Akt/ mTOR pathway and HIF-1α mediated Vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) expression. Also, osteoclasts differentiation is inhibited by down-regulating the VEGF expression by decreasing the accumulation of the ARNT (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-HIF-1α complex Although phytochemicals have shown to exert potential anti-arthritic activity in many animal models and further clinical data is needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and interactions in humans.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy of hepatic stellate cell induced by Clonorchis sinensis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Also, osteoclasts differentiation is inhibited by down-regulating the VEGF expression by decreasing the accumulation of the ARNT (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-HIF-1α complex Although phytochemicals have shown to exert potential anti-arthritic activity in many animal models and further clinical data is needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and interactions in humans. These results suggested that CsESPs-induced autophagy might be involved in the activation of HSCs, and consequently participate in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis caused by C. sinensis infection.
- | Farxiga (dapagliflozin) / Ono Pharma, AstraZeneca
Journal: Dapagliflozin alleviates advanced glycation end product induced podocyte injury through AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Taken together, dapagliflozin effectively mitigated AGE-induced podocyte injury through AMPK-mTOR mediated upregulation of autophagy. It may offer a novel mechanism to further elucidate the renoprotective effect on SGLT2 inhibitors.
- | perifosine (D21266) / AEterna Zentaris
Journal: Melatonin inhibits autophagy in TM3 cells via AKT/FOXO1 pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
It may offer a novel mechanism to further elucidate the renoprotective effect on SGLT2 inhibitors. In summary, melatonin can inhibit H2O2-induced autophagy in TM3 cells through the AKT/FOXO1 pathway.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Autophagy modulation in resveratrol protective effects on steroidogenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice and HO-challenged TM3 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
The stimulation of autophagy by RSV is closely linked to its antioxidant actions and positive impact on steroidogenesis in HFD mice. The findings suggest RSV is protective against obesity-related Leydig cell impairment.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: The dynamic changes in autophagy activity and its role in lung injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Chloroquine (CQ) was delivered to evaluate autophagic flux...To further assess the role of autophagy in DHCA-mediated lung injury, the autophagy inducer rapamycin and its inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were applied, and lung injury was reassessed...Autophagy showed adaptive yet protective suppression 3 h after DHCA, as induction of autophagy caused worsening of lung tissue. In contrast, autophagy was exaggerated 6 h after DHCA, and autophagy inhibition attenuated DHCA-mediated lung injury.
- | Journal: Mutation of the Conserved Threonine 8 within the Human ARF Tumour Suppressor Protein Regulates Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Several observations underline how autophagy could serve a dual role in cancer progression, either protecting healthy cells from damage or aiding cancerous cells to survive. Our results indicate that ARF phosphorylation controls protein's ability to promote or counteract autophagy, providing evidence of the dual role played by ARF in cancer progression.
- | Journal: LncRNA MEG3 regulates autophagy and pyroptosis via FOXO1 in pancreatic β-cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
These results demonstrate that MEG3 may adjust both autophagy and pyroptosis through FOXO1 in pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, we also first verified that inhibiting autophagy can promote pyroptosis in HG-induced INS-1 cells.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Nicorandil alleviates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction post -infarction by up-regulating the nucleolin/autophagy axis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Moreover, we also first verified that inhibiting autophagy can promote pyroptosis in HG-induced INS-1 cells. Treatment with nicorandil alleviated myocardial remodeling post-MI through up-regulating the expression of nucleolin, and subsequently promoting autophagy, followed by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.