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  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Blockade of ClC-3 enhances cisplatin-sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells though inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 27, 2022   
    Collectively, all the findings demonstrate that ClC-3 knockdown increases cisplatin-induced cell death in CCA cells though inhibiting autophagy, regardless of the occurrence of cisplatin resistance. In addition, our results also suggest that targeted inhibition of ClC-3 may be a potential strategy for chemosensitization in CCA chemotherapy.
  • ||||||||||  doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Differential impact of doxorubicin dose on cell death and autophagy pathways during acute cardiotoxicity. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 27, 2022   
    Intriguingly, when autophagy was inhibited in cultured cardiomyoblasts, DOX-induced necrosis was enhanced. Collectively, these observations implicate inhibition of autophagy flux as an important component of the acute necrotic response to DOX, but also suggest that acute high-dose DOX exposure does not recapitulate the disease phenotype observed in human cardiotoxicity.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy Is Possibly Involved in Osteoblast Responses to Mechanical Loadings. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 26, 2022   
    We also found that mechanical loading-induced ATP release is able to regulate ERK1/2, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin activities. These results suggest that the ATP pathway may play an important role in the possible involvement of autophagy in osteoblast mechanobiology.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) reveals evidence of antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    The major regulatory steps include, (i) a specific ligand-dependent activation, (ii) modulation of both genetic and non-genetic responses, (iii) a competition and crosstalk with several transcription factors, such as ARNT, HIF-1α, E2F1, and NF-κB, and (iv) the epigenetic regulation of target genes with binding partners. Thus, not only mTOR signaling but also the AhR factor demonstrates antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The role of autophagy in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance of adipose tissues in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    2.5 mg/kg body weight dose of Chloroquine (CQ) in PBS was locally injected into mouse epididymal adipose (10 and 24 h) and 40 µM of CQ to 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 24 h to evaluate the role of autophagy in insulin signaling transduction...Long-term high-fat diet promotes insulin resistance, late-stage autophagy inhibition, ER stress, and apoptosis in adipose tissue. Autophagy suppression may not affect insulin signaling transduction via phosphatase expression but indirectly causes insulin resistance through ER stress or apoptosis.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Salvianolic acid B inhibits autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by TGF-β1 by downregulating the MAPK pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    However, pretreatment with autophagy agonist, rapamycin (Rapa), or overexpressed ATG5 attenuated this decrease...Sal B inhibits activation and autophagy of JS1 induced by TGF-β1 through downregulating the ERK, p38, and JNK signaling pathways, as demonstrated by downregulating p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 MAPK protein expressions. In conclusion, Sal B inhibits autophagy and activation induced by TGF-β1 of HSCs possibly by downregulating the MAPK pathway.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Chrysin promotes angiogenesis in rat hindlimb ischemia: Impact on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    Rats were allocated into four groups: (1) sham-operated control, (2) HLI: subjected to unilateral femoral artery ligation, (3) HLI + chrysin: received 100 mg/kg, i.p. chrysin immediately after HLI, and (4) HLI + chrysin + rapamycin: received 6 mg/kg/day rapamycin i.p. for 5 days then subjected to HLI and dosed with 100 mg/kg chrysin, i.p. Rats were killed 18 h later and gastrocnemius muscles were collected and divided into parts for (1) immunohistochemistry detection of CD31 and CD105, (2) qRT-PCR analysis of eNOS and VEGFR2, (3) colorimetric analysis of NO, (4) ELISA estimation of TGF-β, VEGF, ATG5 and Beclin-1, and (5) Western blot analysis of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, and HIF-1α...Chrysin also inhibited autophagy as it decreased ATG5 and Beclin-1. The current study shows that chrysin possesses a proangiogenic effect in HLI rats and might be useful in patients with PAD.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    Based on a growing list of compelling preclinical evidence, there are numerous ongoing clinical trials targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway in PDAC. Given the multifaceted and context-dependent roles of autophagy in both cancer cells and normal host cells, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting roles of autophagy as well as of the consequences of autophagy inhibition is necessary for the development of autophagy inhibition-based therapies against PDAC.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling attenuates axonal degeneration in models of Parkinson's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    The protective effect of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was further confirmed in an α-Syn overexpression-induced animal models of PD. Taken together, these data indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved axonal degeneration in PD, and suggest that Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors have the therapeutic potential for the prevention of PD.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy involvement in T lymphocyte signalling induced by nickel with quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    Using autophagy inhibitors to intervene, it was found that Th1 differentiation was inhibited, and the expression of Th1-related inflammatory factors was downregulated. Overall, the identification of relevant signalling pathways yielded new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nickel allergy and might help in the discovery and development of mechanism-based drugs.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Skin Aging of Nude Mice Through Autophagy-Mediated Anti-Senescent Mechanism. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 24, 2022   
    The in vitro data revealed that hucMSCs significantly reversed the senescence of HDFs by promoting cell migration, inhibiting ROS production, and restoring the overexpressions of oxidative and senescent markers through paracrine mode of action, and the paracrine mechanism was mediated by the inhibition of autophagy. This study provided novel knowledge regarding the anti-aging efficacy and paracrine mechanism of hucMSCs on skin, making hucMSCs-based therapy a promising regime for skin aging treatment.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The DHAV-1 protein VP1 interacts with PI3KC3 to induce autophagy through the PI3KC3 complex. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    Finally, we found that VP1 promotes protein expression of PI3KC3 and Beclin1 by western blot experiments and that VP1 interacts with PI3KC3 by co-immunoprecipitation experiments; moreover, 3-MA-induced knockdown of PI3KC3 inhibited VP1 protein-induced autophagy in DEFs. In conclusion, the DHAV-1 structural protein VP1 regulates the PI3KC3 complex by interacting with PI3KC3 to induce autophagy in DEFs.
  • ||||||||||  piceatannol / New York Medical College, Kyushu University
    Journal:  Autophagy activation by dietary piceatannol enhances the efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    Taken together, our results indicate the importance and great potential of dietary piceatannol in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, piceatannol may be used as an ICD enhancer that improves the efficacy of chemotherapeutics such as OXA in cancer treatment with minimized toxicity.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Liposomal Drug Delivery And Its Potential Impact On Cancer Research. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    The current state of liposome targeting, active and passive liposome targeting in cancer therapy, ligand directed targeting (antibody, aptamer, and protein/peptide-mediated targeting), and other miscellaneous approaches such as stimuli-responsive liposome-based targeting, autophagy inhibition mediated targeting, and curcumin loaded liposomal targeting are all discussed within. All of this gathered and compiled information will shed new light on liposome targeting strategies in cancer treatment and will pique the interest of aspiring researchers and academicians.
  • ||||||||||  selenomethionine (SLM) / University of Iowa, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
    Journal:  Selenomethionine alleviates NF-κB-mediated inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli by enhancing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    The data suggested that Se-Met enhanced LC3-II expression, inhibited the E. coli-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, and suppressed the adhesion ability of E. coli to MAC-T and that the effects of Se-Met in attenuating NF-κB-mediated inflammation were partially blocked by an autophagy inhibitor. In summary, Se-Met alleviated NF-κB-mediated inflammation induced by E. coli by enhancing autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Structure-Based Design of Stapled Peptides That Bind GABARAP and Inhibit Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    They also reduced autophagic flux in cultured ovarian cancer cells and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. These small, potent stapled peptides represent promising autophagy-modulating compounds that can be developed as novel cancer therapeutics and novel mediators of targeted protein degradation.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Autophagy-Associated Immunogenic Modulation and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    However, there are also difficulties in the application of autophagy-related regulators, such as low bioavailability and the lack of efficient selectivity. This review focuses on autophagy-related immunogenic regulation and its application in cancer therapy.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Zinc Deficiency Induces Autophagy in HT-22 Mouse Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Line. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2022   
    The study showed that zinc deficiency induces autophagy and may be cytoprotective in neurons. We expect our results to add a new perspective to our understanding of the neuronal pathology related to zinc deficiency.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    MicroRNA Mir-378-3p is a Novel Regulator of Endothelial Autophagy and Function (Virtual Only) -  Aug 20, 2022 - Abstract #AHA2022AHA_6121;    
    Pharmacological (via chloroquine treatment) inhibition of autophagy in HUVECs resulted in significant upregulation of miR-378a-3p...Our findings, for the first time, show an inverse relationship between miR-378a-3p expression and endothelial autophagy and endothelial function. PDIA4 was identified as a molecular target for miR-378a-3p in endothelial cells, which revealed PDIA4