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  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  AdipoRon alleviates fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine hepatocytes by promoting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 3, 2023   
    In the last experiment, hepatocytes were treated with AdipoRon (25 ?M), NEFA (1.2 mM), or both for 12 h after treatment with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine...Our results suggest that autophagy is an important cellular mechanism to prevent NEFA-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine hepatocytes, which is consistent with other studies. Overall, AdipoRon may represent a promising therapeutic agent to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function in dairy cows during the transition period.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  UBE2C-mediated autophagy inhibition via ubiquitination of SIRT1 contributes to endometrial cancer progression. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 2, 2023   
    Taken together, our results suggested that UBE2C-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of SIRT1 contribute to the malignant progression of endometrial cancer through epigenetic inhibition of autophagy. Implications: Our study highlights the tumorigenic role and regulatory mechanism of UBE2C in EC; UBE2C inhibits EC cell apoptosis through autophagy-related mechanisms and our findings provide new insights into the treatment of endometrial cancer.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Novel PDK1/MEK Dual Inhibitor Induces Cytoprotective Autophagy via the PDK1/Akt Signaling Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2023   
    Notably, compared with YZT alone, the combination of YZT with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) markedly strengthened the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic actions, suggesting that YZT-induced autophagy is cytoprotective...Finally, YZT plus CQ significantly enhanced the anticancer activities compared to YZT alone in an animal study and immunohistochemistry showed that the level of LC3 was increased by YZT, which is in line with the in vitro results. In short, our study provides reliable experimental basis for developing Compound YZT as a new chemotherapeutic drug candidate and suggests that combined administration of YZT with CQ is a potential therapy against NSCLC.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Nuciferine improves random skin flap survival via TFEB-mediated activation of autophagy-lysosomal pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2023   
    The increased nuclear translocation of TFEB not only restored lysosome function, but also promoted autophagosome-lysosome fusion, eventually restoring the inhibited autophagic flux and filling the high energy levels. The outcomes of our research can provide potent proof for the application of NF in the therapy of vascular insufficiency associated disorders, including random flaps.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, PARP Biomarker:  Nano-Pt induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human NSCLC cells. (Pubmed Central) -  May 31, 2023   
    Nano-Pt-induced apoptosis was accompanied by protective autophagy, which could be enhanced by autophagy inhibitors. Our findings on the biological behavior and the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis can provide the clear anti-NSCLC molecular mechanism of Nano-Pt, which have a promising potential for the development of novel Pt-based antitumor chemotherapy drugs with excellent curative efficacy and fewer side effects.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Downregulation of miR?7 and miR?153 is involved in Helicobacter (Pubmed Central) -  May 30, 2023   
    The above results provide a rationale for further exploration of rosavin as a therapeutic candidate for cerebral I/R injury. Particularly, downregulation of both miR?7 and miR?153 obtained an improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing H.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Turn-On Fluorescent Amino Acid Sensor Reveals Chloroquine's Effect on Cellular Amino Acids via Inhibiting Cathepsin L. (Pubmed Central) -  May 30, 2023   
    Using a biotinylated photo-cross-linking chloroquine analog and chemical proteomics, we identified Cathepsin L (CTSL) as the chloroquine target leading to the amino acid accumulation phenotype. This study establishes NS560 as a useful tool to study amino acid regulation, identifies new mechanisms of action of chloroquine, and demonstrates the importance of CTSL regulation of lysosomes.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Enhancement of oligodendrocyte autophagy alleviates white matter injury and cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  May 30, 2023   
    By the 14th day, abnormal accumulation of autophagy substrate, lysosomal dysfunction, and the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway were observed in WM, paralleled with mature oligodendrocyte death...These results reveal that early autophagy activation was followed by ALP dysfunction in WM after 2VO, which was associated with the aggravation of WMI and cognitive impairment. This study highlights that alleviating ALP dysfunction by enhancing oligodendrocyte autophagy has benefits for cognitive recovery after CCH.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Nucleolin promotes autophagy through PGC-1? in LPS-induced myocardial injury. (Pubmed Central) -  May 30, 2023   
    Therefore, we can speculate that nucleolin can protect LPS-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy, and this protective effect may be mediated by the interaction with PGC-1?, which can positively regulate the ULK1, an autophagy-related protein. Our study provides a new clue for the cardioprotective effect of nucleolin, and may provide new evidence for the treatment of LPS-induced myocardial injury through the regulation of autophagy.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy Regulation Using Multimodal Chlorin e6-Loaded Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles to Improve Photodynamic Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  May 27, 2023   
    Our results, obtained from a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay and apoptosis and autophagy flux analyses, demonstrate that the reduced autophagy flux mediated by the combination approach afforded an increase in the phototherapeutic efficacy of Ce6-PSilQ nanoparticles. We envision that the promising results in the use of multimodal Ce6-PSilQ material as a codelivery system against cancer pave the way for its future application with other clinically relevant combinations.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO biomarker:  Xuebijing injection protects against sepsis induced myocardial injury by regulating apoptosis and autophagy via mediation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  May 23, 2023   
    GE acts as an autophagic flux inhibitor, which may have potential chemotherapeutic use for NPC treatment and may have an application in basic research to explore the mechanisms of autophagy. Our results showed that XBJ has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, and it was speculated that it might be through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via, at least partially, activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the early stage of sepsis, as well as promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the late stage of sepsis.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  MicroRNA-31 induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum infection promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2023   
    Our results showed that XBJ has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, and it was speculated that it might be through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via, at least partially, activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the early stage of sepsis, as well as promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the late stage of sepsis. In conclusion, F.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Autophagic activation in porcine oocytes is independent of meiotic progression. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2023   
    Therefore, wortmannin itself, or the autophagy induction step, but not the degradation step, is involved in the oocyte maturation of porcine oocytes. Overall, we propose that oocyte maturation does not stand upstream of autophagy activation, but autophagy may exist upstream of oocyte maturation.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  RNF113A targeted by miR-197 promotes proliferation and inhibits autophagy via CXCR4/CXCL12/AKT/ERK/Beclin1 axis in cervical cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2023   
    Mechanistically, proteomic and mechanistic assays uncovered that RNF113A confirmed as the direct downstream target of miR-197, promoted proliferation and restrained autophagy in CC not through direct ubiquitination degradation of autophagy marker Beclin1 but via CXCR4/CXCL12/AKT/ERK/Beclin1 signal transduction axis. In summary, we found a new miR-197/RNF113?A/CXCR4/CXCL12/AKT/ERK/Beclin1 regulation pathway that plays an important part in the survival and progression of CC.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Periostin Protects Against Alcohol-related Liver Disease by Activating Autophagy by Interacting With Protein Disulfide Isomerase. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2023   
    In conclusion, this study demonstrates that empagliflozin has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-remodelling properties in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma and suggests that autophagic flux inhibition may play a role in empagliflozin's anti-asthmatic effects. Collectively, these findings clarify a novel biological function and mechanism of periostin in ALD and the periostin-PDI-mTORC1 axis is a critical determinant of ALD.
  • ||||||||||  Herceptin (trastuzumab) / Roche
    Review, Journal:  Autophagy and Breast Cancer: Connected in Growth, Progression, and Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  May 20, 2023   
    We further explore how autophagy intersects and reduces the efficacy of endocrine therapies, targeted therapies, radiotherapy, chemotherapies as well as immunotherapy via modulating various intermediate proteins, miRs, and lncRNAs. Lastly, the potential application of autophagy inhibitors and bioactive molecules to improve the anticancer effects of drugs by circumventing the cytoprotective autophagy is discussed.
  • ||||||||||  AUTOPHAGY IS DECREASED IN BONE FROM OSTEOPOROTIC PATIENTS () -  May 19, 2023 - Abstract #EULAR2023EULAR_4506;    
    Conclusion Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that OP patients have a deficit in osteocytes autophagy and suggest the involvement of the HUNK kinase in OP pathogenesis. This study should contribute to better understand the role of autophagy in OP pathophysiology and could lead to the design of new therapeutics targeting autophagy for the management of pathological aging.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Quercetin Alleviates Acrylamide-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 18, 2023   
    Additionally, QCT specifically reacted with autophagic cargo receptor NCOA4, blocked the degradation of iron storage protein FTH1, and eventually downregulated the intracellular iron levels and the consequent ferroptosis. Collectively, our results presented a unique approach to alleviate ACR-induced liver injury by targeting ferroptosis with QCT.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Puerarin Prevents Cadmium-Induced Neuronal Injury by Alleviating Autophagic Dysfunction in Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons. (Pubmed Central) -  May 17, 2023   
    The specific mechanism is related to Pue alleviating the inhibition of Cd on the expression levels of the key proteins Rab7, VPS41, and SNAP29, which regulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion, as well as the lysosome-related proteins LAMP2, CTSB, and CTSD. In summary, these results indicate that Pue alleviates Cd-induced autophagic dysfunction in rat cerebral cortical neurons by alleviating autophagosome-lysosome fusion dysfunction and lysosomal degradation dysfunction, thereby alleviating Cd-induced neuronal injury.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy Receptor p62 Regulates SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation in COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  May 17, 2023   
    A genetic knockdown of p62 mimicked the immunosuppressive effect of NSP5, and a p62 increase in autophagy-deficient cells mirrored the immunostimulatory action of ORF3a. In conclusion, the proinflammatory autophagy receptor p62 is reduced inacute COVID-19, and the balance between autophagy-independent decrease and autophagy blockade-dependent increase of p62 levels could affect SARS-CoV-induced inflammation.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Qiqilian ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation in (Pubmed Central) -  May 17, 2023   
    These effects were inhibited by the autophagy agonist rapamycin and enhanced by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. QQL effectively attenuated endothelial injury and inflammation by inhibiting AngII-induced excessive autophagy, which serves as a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension.