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  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Larixyl acetate, a TRPC6 inhibitor, attenuates pressure overload?induced heart failure in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 30, 2024   
    The administration of larixyl acetate attenuated these impairments, which can be reversed by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that larixyl acetate can effectively protect against pressure overload?induced heart failure by enhancing autophagy and limiting ER stress and apoptosis through inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  HIF-1 contributes to autophagy activation via BNIP3 to facilitate renal fibrosis in hypoxia in vitro and UUO in vivo. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2024   
    Inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine reduced renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction model, while chloroquine and autophagy-related gene 7 knockdown decreased fibrotic changes in cultured BUMPT renal proximal tubular cells, supporting a pro-fibrotic role of autophagy...Mechanistically, knockdown of BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3(BNIP3), a down-stream target gene of HIF-1, decreased autophagy and fibrotic changes during hypoxia in BUMPT cells. Together, these results suggest that HIF-1 may activate autophagy via BNIP3 in renal tubular cells to facilitate the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  • ||||||||||  paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  CENPN suppresses autophagy and increases paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the CREB-VAMP8 signaling axis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2024   
    Mechanistic studies showed that CENPN inhibited the translocation of p-CREB into the nucleus of NPC cells, resulting in the decreased binding of p-CREB to the VAMP8 promoter, thereby inhibiting the transcription of VAMP8. These results demonstrate that CENPN may be a marker for predicting chemotherapeutic efficacy and a potential target for inducing chemosensitization to agents such as PTX.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG5: autophagy related 5; CENPN: centromere protein N; CQ: chloroquine; CREB: cAMP responsive element binding protein; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation assay; IC50: half-maximal inhibitory concentration; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NPC: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; NPG: nasopharyngitis; oeCENPN: overexpressed CENPN; PTX: paclitaxel; RAPA: rapamycin; RNA-seq: transcriptome sequencing; shCENPN: small hairpin RNA expression vector targeting the human CENPN gene; shCENPN-shVAMP8: sequential knockdown targeting the human CENPN gene and VAMP8 gene; shVAMP8: small hairpin RNA expression vector targeting the human VAMP8 gene; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TIR: tumor inhibitory rate; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8.
  • ||||||||||  BMS-345541 / BMS, GSK3036656 / GSK, thapsigargin / University of Nottingham, Pirbright Institute
    Journal:  ER stress elicits non-canonical CASP8 (caspase 8) activation on autophagosomal membranes to induce apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2024   
    Our analysis also revealed the upregulation of NFKB/NF-kB signaling as a potential mechanism responsible for restraining iDISC activation and promoting cell survival upon VPS37A depletion. These findings have important implications for the future development of new strategies to treat human cancers, especially those with VPS37A loss.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Treatment with sodium butyrate induces autophagy resulting in therapeutic benefits for spinocerebellar ataxia (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 27, 2024   
    Co-treating the SCA3 zebrafish with SB and chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, prevented the beneficial effects of SB on zebrafish swimming, indicating that the improved swimming performance was autophagy-dependent...While our results suggested that this activity may involve activity of a PKA/AMPK-dependent process, this requires further confirmation. We propose that treatment with sodium butyrate warrants further investigation as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases underpinned by mechanisms relating to protein aggregation including SCA3.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Dynamic organelle changes and autophagic processes in lily pollen germination. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 25, 2024   
    Our proposed speculative model of pollen germination encompasses proplastid differentiation and autophagosome formation. This study advances our understanding of organelle dynamics and autophagy during pollen germination, providing valuable insights into the realm of plant reproductive physiology.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Fructose aggravates copper-deficiency-induced cardiac remodeling by inhibiting SERCA2a. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 25, 2024   
    In conclusion, in parallel to apoptosis, atresia signals also trigger activation of the IL33-ST2-NF?B pathway in granulosa, which leads to (1) down-regulated expression of mTOR that is a negative regulator of autophagy, and (2) up-regulated expression of proinflammatory IL6. Collectively, our study suggested that fructose aggravated CuD-induced cardiac remodeling through the blockade of autophagic flux via SERCA2a decreasing-induced Ca2+ imbalance.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Microarray data analysis of antileukemic action of Cinnamoylated benzaldehyde LQB-461 in Jurkat cell line. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 25, 2024   
    Collectively, our study suggested that fructose aggravated CuD-induced cardiac remodeling through the blockade of autophagic flux via SERCA2a decreasing-induced Ca2+ imbalance. These results suggest that this synthetic molecule LQB-461 induces cell death by apoptosis in Jurkat cells through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and inhibits autophagy, overcoming some mechanisms of cell resistance related to this process, which differentiates LQB-461 of other drugs used for the leukemia treatment.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., alendronate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Quercetin suppresses ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rat mandibles by regulating autophagy and the NLRP3 pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2024   
    (IL-1?) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway thereby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, immunofluorescence and western blotting also confirmed that QR inhibited autophagy in OVX rats and suppressed the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-stained positive osteoclasts. The findings suggest that QR may protect the bone structure and prevent bone loss in osteoporotic rats by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway and autophagy in osteoclasts with comparable effects to ALN, thus QR may have the potential to be a promising alternative supplement for the preventive and therapeutic treatment of PMOP.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2024   
    The majority of clinically applicable drugs are liposomes, though other materials are currently undergoing continuous optimization. This review begins with the roles of autophagy in tumor treatment, and then focuses on the application of nanomaterials with autophagy-regulating functions in tumor treatment.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  4?-Alkyl EGCG Derivatives Induce Cytoprotective Autophagy Response by Inhibiting EGFR in Glioblastoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 22, 2024   
    In addition, cytotoxicity caused by 4?-C EGCG, 4?-C EGCG, and 4?-C EGCG was significantly increased after the inhibition of autophagy by the pharmacological inhibitor chloroquine. These findings enhance our understanding of the autophagic response toward EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma cells and suggest a potent combinatorial strategy to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs.
  • ||||||||||  Mekinist (trametinib) / Novartis, BeiGene, Tafinlar (dabrafenib) / Novartis, BeiGene
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  A Trial of Dabrafenib, Trametinib and Hydroxychloroquine for Patients With Recurrent LGG or HGG With a BRAF Aberration (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 19, 2024   
    P1/2,  N=75, Recruiting, 
    Therefore, inhibition of autophagy by down-regulating RNF135 can partially increase its susceptibility to oxaliplatin. Trial completion date: Jun 2027 --> Jun 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 --> Aug 2026
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Impact of autophagy inhibition on intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2024   
    However, p21 and Mmp13 gene expression were upregulated in NP tissue of 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 mice compared to controls, suggesting p21 -mediated cellular senescence resulted from NP-targeted Atg7 knockout might contribute to the observed histological changes. The absence of overt IDD features from disrupting Atg7-mediated macroautophagy in NP tissue implicates other compensatory mechanisms, highlighting additional research needed to elucidate the complex biology of autophagy in regulating age-dependent IDD.
  • ||||||||||  5-fluorouracil / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  THADA inhibits autophagy and increases 5-FU sensitivity in gastric cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2024   
    5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently the main drug used in chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC)...The findings suggest that THADA may be involved in the regulatory mechanism of GC cell sensitivity to 5-FU. Consequently, the detection of THADA in tumor tissues may bring clinical benefits, specifically for 5-FU-related chemotherapy administered to GC patients with elevated THADA expression.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  ATG7/GAPLINC/IRF3 axis plays a critical role in regulating pathogenesis of influenza A virus. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2024   
    Importantly, both inactivation of IRF3 and inhibition of IFN response caused by ATG7 were mediated through control over GAPLINC expression, suggesting that GAPLINC contributes to the suppression of antiviral immunity by ATG7. Together, these results uncover an autophagy-independent mechanism by which ATG7 suppresses host innate immunity and establish a critical role for ATG7/GAPLINC/IRF3 axis in regulating IAV infection and pathogenesis.
  • ||||||||||  oxaliplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The rational modulation of autophagy sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluouracil and oxaliplatin. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 15, 2024   
    The pharmacologic suppression of early autophagy during its peak of occurrence, but not concomitant with chemotherapeutics, strongly reduced cell regrowth. Overall, our experimental model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and tolerance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time-specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Piperine promotes PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated gut-brain autophagy to degrade ?-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 15, 2024   
    Overall, our experimental model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and tolerance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time-specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments. Our findings suggested that PIP could protect neurons by activating autophagy to degrade ?-Syn in the SN and colon, which were related to the suppression of PIP on the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  metformin / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Clearance of ?-amyloid mediated by autophagy is enhanced by MTORC1 inhibition but not AMPK activation in APP/PSEN1 astrocytes. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 15, 2024   
    From the two central nodes in the anabolism-catabolism balance, it is generally accepted that mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1)_ activation leads to the inhibition of autophagy, whereas adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has the opposite role...Our data support that perhaps only a basal AMPK activity is needed to maintain autophagy whereas the increased activity, either physiologically or pharmacologically, has no direct effect on autophagy-dependent amyloidosis. These results shed light on the controversy about the therapeutic effect of AMPK activation on autophagy induction.