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- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: CircCDR1as upregulates autophagy under hypoxia to promote tumor cell survival via AKT/ERK/mTOR signaling pathways in oral squamous cell carcinomas. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 23, 2020
We revealed that circCDR1as enhanced autophagy in OSCC cells via inhibition of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and upregulation of AKT and ERK pathways...Moreover, circCDR1as promoted autophagy in OSCC cells by sponging miR-671-5p. Collectively, these results revealed that high expression of circCDR1as enhanced the viability of OSCC cells under a hypoxic microenvironment by promoting autophagy, suggesting a novel treatment strategy involving circCDR1as and the inhibition of autophagy in OSCC cells.
- | metformin / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Transcriptional block of AMPK-induced autophagy promotes glutamate excitotoxicity in nutrient-deprived SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 23, 2020
Genetic or pharmacological AMPK activation by AMPK overexpression or metformin, as well as genetic or pharmacological autophagy induction by TFEB overexpression or lithium chloride, reduced the sensitivity of nutrient-deprived SH-SY5Y cells to glutamate excitotoxicity. These data indicate that transcriptional inhibition of AMPK-dependent cytoprotective autophagy is involved in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity during nutrient deprivation in vitro.
- | Torisel (temsirolimus) / Pfizer
Journal: Lysophosphatidic acid reverses Temsirolimus-induced changes in lipid droplets and mitochondrial networks in renal cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 22, 2020
Inhibiting MAPK partially antagonized LPA-induced LD changes. Collectively, we have identified that LPA can reverse the effects of TEMS by increasing LDs in a MAPK-dependent manner; these results suggest that LPA may contribute to the pathogenesis and chemotherapeutic resistance of ccRCC.
- | Zokinvy (lonafarnib) / Eiger, Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal: The combination of lonafarnib and sorafenib induces cyclin D1 degradation via ATG3-mediated autophagic flux in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 20, 2020
Furthermore, we demonstrated that drug-eliciting autophagy selectively promoted the degradation of cyclin D1 in a lysosome-dependent manner and subsequently inhibited DNA synthesis through downregulating the phosphorylation of Rb protein. In conclusion, our results provide a deeper insight into the mechanism for the combination treatment of lonafarnib and sorafenib in HCC therapy.
- | Journal: 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization-mediated apoptosis and inhibits autophagic flux in macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
Importantly, 3-Ac-DON-induced DNA damage and cell death were rescued by CA-074-me, a CTSB inhibitor. Collectively, these results indicated a critical role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in the 3-Ac-DON-induced apoptosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
- | Journal: Autophagy-Dependent Secretion: Mechanism, Factors Secreted, and Disease Implications. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
With a growing body of evidence shedding light onto the molecular mediators, this review delineates the molecular machinery involved in selective targeting of the autophagosome for either degradation or secretion. In addition, we summarize the current understanding of factors and cargo secreted through this unconventional route, and describe the implications of this pathway in both health and disease.
- | carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: A study of autophagy in hemocytes of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
Oysters were exposed for 24 and 48 h to either an autophagy inducer (carbamazepine, which increases the production of autophagosomes) or an autophagy inhibitor (ammonium chloride, which prevents the degradation of autophagosomes)...This study describes an integrated approach that can be applied to investigate autophagy in marine bivalves at the cellular level. Abbreviations: MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCA: multiple correspondence analysis; NHCl: ammonium chloride; PI: propidium iodide; TEM: transmission electron microscopy.
- | ulinastatin injection / Takeda, Generic mfg.
Journal, PARP Biomarker: Protective effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury through autophagy activation in Chang liver cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
And the expression levels of caspase-3, C-PARP, p62, Beclin-1, and LC-3, proteins were also reversed by 3-MA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ulinastatin inhibited the hepatic H/R injury in Chang liver cells, which was, to some extent, related to the autophagy activation.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Phosphorylated mTORC1 represses autophagic-related mRNA translation in neurons exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
The reactivated mTORC1 could suppress the transcription levels of related mRNA, such as LC3, Stx17, Vamp8, Snap29, Lamp2a, and Lamp2b. The research will expand the horizons that mTOR would negatively regulate autophagy at transcription and post-translation levels in neurons suffering ischemia-reperfusion injury.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., Zejula (niraparib) / GSK, ZAI Lab, J&J, Takeda
Journal: Targeting PARP and autophagy evoked synergistic lethality in hepatocellular carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
Cotreatment with CQ and Niraparib promoted the formation of γ-H2AX foci while inhibiting the recruitment of the homologous recombination (HR) repair protein RAD51 to double-strand break (DSB) sites. Thus, the present study developed a novel promising strategy for the management of HCC in the clinic and highlighted a potential approach to expand the application of PARP inhibitors.
- | Journal: SLC3A2/CD98hc, autophagy and tumor radioresistance: a link confirmed. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2020
Inhibition of the autophagy activation in SLC3A2 knockout HNSCC cells by knockdown of ATG5 expression or treatment with bafilomycin A results in radiosensitivity. Consequently, the expression levels of ATG5 correlates with overall survival in HNSCC patients, and autophagy inhibition in combination with SLC3A2-targeted therapy can be a promising strategy for HNSCC radiosensitization.
- | hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Gene essentiality of Tubgcp4: dosage effect and autophagy regulation in retinal photoreceptors. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
TUBGCP4 can inhibit autophagy by competing with ATG3 to interact with ATG7, thus interfering with lipidation of LC3B. Taken together, these findings demonstrate dosage effect of the essential gene Tubgcp4 for viability of mutant mice, and suggest key roles of TUBGCP4 in embryo development and retinal homeostasis by autophagy regulation.
- | Journal: Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors induce autophagy-mediated drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells, xenografts, and patient-derived xenograft models. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
Taken together, these findings demonstrate dosage effect of the essential gene Tubgcp4 for viability of mutant mice, and suggest key roles of TUBGCP4 in embryo development and retinal homeostasis by autophagy regulation. PARP inhibitor-induced autophagy provides an adaptive mechanism of resistance to PARP inhibitors in cancer cells with wild-type BRCA, and a combination of PARP inhibitors with CQ or other autophagy inhibitors could improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Differentiation regulation of mesenchymal stem cells via autophagy induced by structurally-different silica based nanobiomaterials. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
In comparison, no difference in the cell differentiation potential was found when an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ) was incorporated in all groups. The study may contribute to the development of silica-based nanobiomaterials in the future.
- | Journal: Late Exercise Preconditioning Promotes Autophagy against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury through the Activation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
ULK1 was not significantly affected in the EE group, however, phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser757 was remarkably decreased. To sum up, our results suggested that LEP promoted autophagy through the activation of AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway, and that activated autophagy was partially involved in myocardial protection against EE-induced myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury.
- | pidnarulex (CX-5461) / Cylene, Senhwa Biosci
Journal: The rRNA synthesis inhibitor CX-5461 may induce autophagy that inhibits anticancer drug-induced cell damage to leukemia cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
The number of apoptotic cells induced by co-treatment with CX-5461 and chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, increased compared with CX-5461 alone. Thus, the autophagy which may be induced by CX-5461 was the second type.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: MiTF is Associated with Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Modulating Lysosomal Biogenesis and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
Moreover, the knockdown of MiTF resulted in more severe cell death in A549/DDP cells, indicting the substantial correlation between MiTF and cisplatin chemoresistance. Our study provides novel insights into the association between MiTF and DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC cells, and suggests targeting MiTF and/or autophagy might be a potential strategy for the reversal of DDP chemoresistance for NSCLC treatment.
- | arsenic trioxide / Generic mfg., AT7519 / Novartis, Otsuka
Journal: CDK Blockade Using AT7519 Suppresses Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Survival through the Inhibition of Autophagy and Intensifies the Anti-leukemic Effect of Arsenic Trioxide. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
As far as we are aware, to date, no study has reported the contributory mechanisms correlated with the less sensitivity of acute leukemia cells to AT7519 and our study suggested for the first time that the activation of both PI3K and c-Myc signaling pathways could overshadow, at least partly, the efficacy of this agent in KG-1 cells. Overall, due to the pharmacologic safety of AT7519, our study proposed this inhibitor as a promising agent for the treatment of AML either as a single agent or in a combined-modal strategy.
- || Clinical, Journal: Fasting Therapy Contributes to the Improvement of Endothelial Function and Decline in Vascular Injury-Related Markers in Overweight and Obese Individuals via Activating Autophagy of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
These findings provide a novel insight into FT as a lifestyle intervention strategy to promote the maintenance of vascular homeostasis in overweight or obese individuals. The trial was registered with ChiCTR1900024290.
- | Journal: BECN1 promotes radiation-induced G2/M arrest through regulation CDK1 activity: a potential role for autophagy in G2/M checkpoint. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
Our findings demonstrated that BECN1 plays a role in promotion of radiation-induced G2/M arrest through regulation of CDK1 activity. Whether such functions of BECN1 in G2/M arrest is dependent or independent on its autophagy-related roles is necessary to further identify.
- | erastin - Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Dana / Farber Cancer Institute, Columbia University, Prolexys, Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal: Circular RNA cIARS regulates ferroptosis in HCC cells through interacting with RNA binding protein ALKBH5. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
Small interfering RNA against cIARS (si-cIARS) significantly suppressed the cellular sensitivity to SF or Erastin through inactivating ferroptosis, which may be partially attributed to the inhibition of autophagy and ferritinophagy...Furthermore, the inhibition of ferroptotic events, autophagic flux and ferritinophagy resulted from si-cIARS, were significantly rescued by ALKBH5 downregulation. Overall, cIARS may be an important circRNA, positively regulating SF-induced ferroptosis through suppressing the ALKBH5-mediated autophagy inhibition.
- | Journal: MicroRNA-874-5p regulates autophagy and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by targeting Sirtuin 3. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 18, 2020
Furthermore, miR-874-5p was upregulated following hypoxia, and miR-874-5p depletion in turn inhibited autophagy and consequently suppressed abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation. These findings provide insight into the contribution of the miR-874-5p/Sirt 3 cascade with regard to changes in autophagy and proliferation associated with PH.
- | JQ-1 / Roche
Journal: BET inhibitor JQ1 suppresses cell proliferation via inducing autophagy and activating LKB1/AMPK in bladder cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
Taken together, our results demonstrate that autophagy is induced by JQ1 through activation of LKB1/AMPK pathway, and the autophagy induced by JQ1 positively contributes to the inhibition of BC cell proliferation. These findings provide a novel point of view to understand the mechanism of how targeting BET bromodomain suppress cancer cell growth and suggest that targeting BET bromodomain might be a potential approach to treat BC in the future.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, PARP Biomarker: Autophagy impairment contributes to PBDE-47-induced developmental neurotoxicity and its relationship with apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
Interestingly, blockage of apoptosis by caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO ameliorated PBDE-47-exerted autophagy impairment and cell death, though in combination with autophagy inhibitor did not further promote cell survival. Our data suggest that autophagy impairment facilitates apoptosis, which, in turn, disrupts autophagy, ultimately resulting in cell death, and that autophagy may act as a promising therapeutic target for PBDE-47-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
- | Journal: Muscle-generated BDNF is a sexually dimorphic myokine that controls metabolic flexibility. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
These mutant mice displayed myofiber necrosis, weaker muscle strength, reduced locomotion, and muscle-specific insulin resistance. Together, our results show that muscle-derived BDNF facilitates metabolic adaption during nutrient scarcity in a gender-specific manner and that insufficient BDNF production in skeletal muscle promotes the development of metabolic myopathies and insulin resistance.
- | Journal: The protective effects of long non-coding RNA-ANCR on arterial calcification. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
Together, our results show that muscle-derived BDNF facilitates metabolic adaption during nutrient scarcity in a gender-specific manner and that insufficient BDNF production in skeletal muscle promotes the development of metabolic myopathies and insulin resistance. ANCR may inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs and attenuate mice arterial calcification through activating autophagy.
- | Journal: ANKS4B Restricts Replication of Zika Virus by Downregulating the Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
Furthermore, our data showed that inhibition of autophagy led to similar replication levels of ZIKV in ANKS4B-sufficient and ANKS4B-deficient cells, suggesting the antiviral effect of ANKS4B relied on its modulation on the autophagy. Therefore, our work identified ANKS4B as a new restriction factor of ZIKV.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Suppresses Glioma Stem-Like Cells Likely Through Inducing Autophagic Cell Death. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2020
These results suggest that Shh inhibitor induces autophagy of CD133 cells likely through mTOR independent pathway. Targeting Shh signal pathway may overcome chemoresistance and provide a therapeutic strategy for patients with malignant gliomas.
- | Journal, IO Biomarker: BNIP3-mediated autophagy induced inflammatory response and inhibited VEGF expression in cultured retinal pigment epithelium cells under hypoxia. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 14, 2020
Moreover, inhibition of autophagy upregulated VEGF and IL-18 expression, while downregulated other inflammatory factors in hypoxic ARPE-19. BNIP3-mediated autophagy induced by hypoxia may regulate inflammatory response and VEGF expression, which can affect the cell viability of RPE under hypoxia.
- | erlotinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: GATA6-upregulating autophagy promotes TKI resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 14, 2020
After erlotinib treatment, the autophagy activity enhanced threefold in H1650 cells but a little in H1975 cells...Our results suggest that GATA6 could enhance autophagy activity contributing to TKI resistance. Targeting GATA6 and autophagy together with TKI may be promising to overcome drug resistance in NSCLC.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Trial primary completion date: The Addition of Chloroquine to Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma, (clinicaltrials.gov) - Aug 14, 2020
P2, N=156, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Maastricht Radiation Oncology
Targeting GATA6 and autophagy together with TKI may be promising to overcome drug resistance in NSCLC. Trial primary completion date: Jan 2022 --> Jan 2024
- | vincristine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Suppression of c-Myc using 10058-F4 exerts caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and intensifies the antileukemic effect of vincristine in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 13, 2020
Although the inhibition of PI3Kδ using Idelalisib upregulated the messenger RNA expression of autophagy-related genes in 10058-F4-treated cells, treatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine decreased viability of the cells, either as a single agent or in combination with Idelalisib and/or 10058-F4; suggesting that the activation of autophagy in pre-B ALL cells could blunt apoptotic events and attenuate anticancer effect of both c-Myc and PI3K inhibitors. Finally, the results of our synergistic experiments delineated that 10058-F4 produced a synergistic effect with vincristine and provided an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in ALL cells, highlighting that c-Myc oncoprotein could be a bona fide target for the treatment of ALL.
- | Journal: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection increases the number of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclast apoptosis by regulating TNF-α-mediated osteoclast autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 13, 2020
The results showed that TNF-α enhanced the autophagic activity of M.tb-infected osteoclasts and inhibited cell apoptosis. These findings indicated that M.tb infection induced osteoclast production and inhibited osteoclast apoptosis by regulating TNF-α-mediated osteoclast autophagy, revealing a new mechanism for TNF-α in the pathogenesis of osteoarticular tuberculosis.
- | Journal: Cellular Evidence of CD63-Enriched Exosomes and Multivesicular Bodies within the Seminiferous Tubule during the Spermatogenesis of Turtles. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 12, 2020
Additionally, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (after 24 h) increased CD63 protein signals during late spermatogenesis, as detected by IF and WB. Collectively, our study found MVBs and CD63 rich exosomes within the Sertoli cells and their response to autophagy inhibition in the ST during the spermatogenesis in the turtle.
- | Journal: Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin (DADLE) Exerts a Cytoprotective Effect in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Inducing Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 11, 2020
Further results showed that DADLE significantly enhanced the level of Bcl-2 protein and reduced the level of Bax protein in astrocytes exposed to OGD. Our results suggest a novel mechanism in which DADLE induces autophagy in astrocytes and exerts cytoprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis.
- | Journal: Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes cerebral and retinal invasion by Toxoplasma gondii. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 11, 2020
The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA prevented DN EGFR mice from exhibiting reduced CNS invasion. Altogether, EGFR is a novel regulator of T. gondii invasion of neural tissue, enhancing invasion likely by promoting survival of the parasite within endothelial cells.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg., tanespimycin (BMS-722782) / BMS
Journal: The dual functions of α-tubulin acetylation in cellular apoptosis and autophage induced by tanespimycin in lung cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 11, 2020
According to results of RNA interference, acetyltransferase TAT1, deacetylase HDAC6 and Hsp90 modulated the expression level of α-tubulin acetylation. We have elucidated that acetylation of α-tubulin induced by tanespimycin has dual functions in cellular apoptosis and autophage and the level of α-tubulin acetylation reaches a degree Calu-1 cells undergo cell apoptosis rather than autophage, implying that the level of acetylated α-tubulin may determine cell fate for survival or apoptosis.
- | GLG-302 / GLG Pharma
Journal: Role of STAT3/mTOR pathway in chronic kidney injury. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 11, 2020
Glomerular mesangial cells were divided into control group, model group, STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-201) group followed by analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, formation of autophagosomes by electron microscopy, expression of STAT3/mTOR signaling proteins and autophagy proteins LC3II and p62 by Western blot, expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin by immunofluorescence...Activated STAT3/mTOR pathway, enhanced autophagy, promoted apoptosis of mesangial cells and inhibited cell proliferation were found in mice with renal injury. Inhibition of STAT3/mTOR activation inhibits autophagy and cell apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: Nesfatin-1 attenuates injury in a rat model of myocardial infarction by targeting autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
Likewise, nesfatin-1 contributed to cell survival by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis markers such as caspase3 and Bax (p < .05). Collectively, these findings support the idea that nasfatin-1 can be used as a good candidate to treat MI by targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy.
- | doxazosin mesylate / Generic mfg., Tagrisso (osimertinib) / AstraZeneca
Journal: Doxazosin, a Classic Alpha 1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, Overcomes Osimertinib Resistance in Cancer Cells via the Upregulation of Autophagy as Drug Repurposing. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
The osimertinib-sensitizing effects of doxazosin were suppressed by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, which suggested that the effects of doxazosin were mediated by autophagy. The present study provides evidence for the efficacy of doxazosin as a combination therapy with osimertinib to overcome resistance against osimertinib.
- | metformin / Generic mfg.
Journal, PARP Biomarker: Metformin Induces Autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
3-Methyladenine (3-MA) partly abolished this effect. Metformin could induce the autophagy, autophagic flux, and activate the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in human HCC cells.
- | CBT-1 (tetrandrine) / CBA Pharma
Journal: JNK and Autophagy Independently Contributed to Cytotoxicity of Arsenite combined With Tetrandrine via Modulating Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
Our results suggested that JNK and autophagy independently contributed to the cytotoxicity via modulating cell cycle progression. The study further provides fundamental insights for the development of As in combination with Tetra for patients with different types of breast cancer.
- | Journal: Melatonin Plays a Critical Protective Role in Nicotine-Related Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
Moreover, melatonin lost its protective effects following bafilomycin A1-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Based on our data, melatonin exerts a beneficial effect on rats with nicotine-related AAA by downregulating the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, improving autophagy dysfunction, and restoring the VSMC phenotype.
- | Zyclara (imiquimod) / Mochida, Mylan, Bausch Health, Vesimune (imiquimod) / UroGen
Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: TLR7 Stimulation With Imiquimod Induces Selective Autophagy and Controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Mouse Macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) prevented autophagosome formation and control of intracellular Mtb growth in macrophages. These findings revealed a novel mechanism by which IMQ induces selective autophagy to promote intracellular killing machinery against Mtb infection in macrophages.
- | gemcitabine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
However, the mechanistic roles of autophagy in gemcitabine (GEM) resistant bladder cancer cells have not been thoroughly investigated...In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that autophagy serves an important role in bladder cancer development and GEM resistance. OC treatment has the ability to reverse GEM-resistance in bladder cancer cells by suppressing autophagic flux, thereby providing a potential adjunctive therapeutic option for bladder cancer GEM treatment.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly, tivantinib (ARQ 197) / Daiichi Sankyo, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Merck (MSD)
Journal: Human umbilical cord MSC-derived hepatocyte growth factor enhances autophagy in AOPP-treated HK-2 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
Furthermore, the effects of tivantinib were reversed by Ly294002. In conclusion, the present study revealed that hUC-MSCs partially reversed AOPP-mediated inhibition of autophagy in HK-2 cells via secretion of HGF, indicating that hUC-MSCs may serve as a potential therapy for preventing the progression of CKD.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Journal, IO Biomarker: Lycopene attenuates high glucose-mediated apoptosis in MPC5 podocytes by promoting autophagy via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2020
To explore the effects of Lyc on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and autophagy, LY294002 (LY) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as PI3K and autophagy inhibitors, respectively...In addition, the effects of Lyc on HG-mediated MPC5 podocyte apoptosis were alleviated by 3-MA. Therefore, the present study suggested that Lyc may protect against HG-induced MPC5 podocyte apoptosis by promoting autophagy activity via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
- | Journal: Reactive oxygen species are responsible for the cell aggregation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators in phorbol ester (PMA)-treated U937 cells on gelatin-coated dishes through upregulation of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 8, 2020
Therefore, the present study suggested that Lyc may protect against HG-induced MPC5 podocyte apoptosis by promoting autophagy activity via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results suggest that gelatin-coating promotes the aggregation of PMA-treated U937 cells and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by ROS-autophagy signaling pathway.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes is enhanced by IL-17-mediated autophagy through STAT3 activation. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 8, 2020
The autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ), were used to determine the effect of autophagy on proliferation in IL-17-treated FLSs...Additionally, suppression of STAT3 activation decreased autophagy in IL-17-treated FLSs. Our findings showed that IL-17 promoted the tumor-like proliferation of FLSs by upregulating autophagy via STAT3 activation.
- | Journal, IO Biomarker: Suppression of long non-coding RNA RMRP ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced neural cells injury by inhibiting autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 8, 2020
The effects of RMRP suppression on the phenotypes of SH-SY5Y were associated with the inhibition of LC3 II, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR as well as the induction of P62 and Bcl-2. Inhibition of RMRP contributed to the improvement of OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, which might be mediated through the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis pathways.