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- | Preclinical, Journal: ERK Activation-Mediated Autophagy Induction Resists Licochalcone A-Induced Anticancer Activities in Lung Cancer Cells in vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 16, 2021
Furthermore, LA rapidly induces ERK and p38 activation in a time-dependent manner in both A549 and H460 cells, but suppresses the activities of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); suppression of ERK not p38 with inhibitor attenuates LA-induced autophagy, while it remarkably enhances LA-induced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells and further promotes the degradation of apoptosis-related proteins. The results of this study provide novel insights on the role of apoptosis-related proteins and the MAPKs pathway in the anticancer activities of LA.
- | Journal: Critical role of caveolin-1 in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity via the regulation of oxidation and autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
Interestingly, further investigation showed that caveolin-1 participates in AFB1-induced autophagy by regulating the EGFR/PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, our data reveal that caveolin-1 plays a crucial role in AFB1-induced hepatic cell apoptosis via the regulation of oxidation and autophagy, which provides a potential target for the development of novel treatments to combat AFB1 hepatotoxicity.
- | Journal: Critical roles of conventional dendritic cells in autoimmune hepatitis via autophagy regulation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
We demonstrated that cDCs contribute to the pathogenesis of AIH through excessive maturation. Aberrant autophagy flux plays a vital role in the immunogenic maturation of cDCs in AIH, and tolerogenic cDCs by inhibition of autophagy flux can be exploited as a new therapeutic approach for AIH.
- | Journal: NEDD4L downregulates autophagy and cell growth by modulating ULK1 and a glutamine transporter. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
These results suggest that NEDD4L suppressed autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism by reducing cellular ULK1 or ASCT2 levels, and thus could repress the growth and survival of pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, ubiquitin ligase-mediated autophagy plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism, thereby contributing to the growth and survival of certain cancers with low NEDD4L levels.
- | Journal: Cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis regulates testicular injury/recovery induced by cadmium via PI3K with mTOR-independent pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
In vitro, we find that PI3K inhibitor 3-MA regulates apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy with mTOR-independent pathway in Cd-treated testicular cells. Conclusively, cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis regulates testicular injury/recovery induced by Cd via PI3K with mTOR-independent pathway.
- | Journal: Intravenous immunoglobulin mediates anti-inflammatory effects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by inducing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
Moreover, IVIG therapy in inflammatory myopathies such as dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy induced autophagy in PBMCs and reduced inflammatory cytokines in the circulation, thus validating the translational importance of these results. Our data provide insight on how circulating normal immunoglobulins maintain immune homeostasis and explain in part the mechanism by which IVIG therapy benefits patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
- | Journal: Quercetin alleviates Cadmium-induced autophagy inhibition via TFEB-dependent lysosomal restoration in primary proximal tubular cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
Furthermore, data showed that the restoration of Cd-impaired autophagy-lysosome pathway and resultant alleviation of cytotoxicity by Qu are TFEB-dependent using TFEB gene silencing and overexpression technologies. In summary, these data provide novel evidences that the protective action of Qu against Cd-induced autophagy inhibition is attributed to its restoration of lysosomal dysfunction, which is dependent on TFEB.
- | Journal: Microcystin-leucine arginine induced the apoptosis of GnRH neurons by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress resulting in a decrease of serum testosterone level in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
Together, our data implicated that the treatment of MC-LR induced the apoptosis of GnRH neurons by activating the ERs resulting in a decrease of serum testosterone level in mice. Autophagy is a protective cellular process which was activated by ER stress and thus protected cells from apoptosis upon MC-LR exposure.
- | Journal: Insulin impedes osteogenesis of BMSCs by inhibiting autophagy and promoting premature senescence via the TGF-β1 pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2021
Our data revealed that insulin impeded osteogenesis of BMSCs by inhibiting autophagy and promoting premature senescence, which it should be responsible for T2DM-induced bone loss, at least in part. These findings suggest that inhibiting TGF-β1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for T2DM associated bone disorders.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy inhibition by reversine and its suppressive effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
In addition, cell autophagy was involved and might play a protective role in HCC cells, the joint use of autophagy inhibitor enhanced reversine-mediating antitumor effects. Our data offered novel ideas for comprehensive therapeutic regimes on human hepatocellular carcinoma.
- || Clinical, Journal: Inhibiting autophagy potentiates the antitumor efficacy of Euphorbia royleana for canine mammary gland tumors. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
The anti-tumor mechanisms of E. royleana were firstly verified to show it would cause autophagic cell death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in canine mammary tumor cells. The in vitro and in vivo findings in the present study revealed E. royleana has potential anticancer effects for the treatment of canine mammary gland tumors.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
The in vitro and in vivo findings in the present study revealed E. royleana has potential anticancer effects for the treatment of canine mammary gland tumors. Our results reveal that bromide represses the clock and glycolytic gene expression patterns, partially through inhibition of autophagy.
- | Journal: Acrylamide inhibits autophagy, induces apoptosis and alters cellular metabolic profiles. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
Among them, exposure to ACR caused glycolysis/gluconeogenesis attenuation by decreasing levels of glycolytic intermediates, reduced the rate of the TCA cycle, while elevating levels of several amino acid metabolites and lipid metabolites. In summary, our study provides useful evidence of cytotoxicity caused by ACR via metabolomics and multiple bioanalytic methods.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: CDCA4 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transtion (EMT) and metastasis in Non-small cell lung cancer through modulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
In summary, our study provides useful evidence of cytotoxicity caused by ACR via metabolomics and multiple bioanalytic methods. All data indicated that CDCA4 inhibited the EMT, migration and invasion of NSCLC via interacting with CARM1 to modulate autophagy.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Decreased expression of adenosine receptor 2B confers cardiac protection against ischemia via restoring autophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
Our results demonstrate that decreased expression of Adora2B protected cardiomyocytes from impaired autophagy flux induced by MI. Modulation Adora2B expression plays a significant role in blunting the worsening of heart function and reducing scar formation, suggesting therapeutic potential by targeting Adora2B in AMI for the infarct healing.
- | Journal: Surgery-induced downregulation of hippocampal sirtuin-1 contributes to cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis in aged mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
Modulation Adora2B expression plays a significant role in blunting the worsening of heart function and reducing scar formation, suggesting therapeutic potential by targeting Adora2B in AMI for the infarct healing. These findings suggest that surgery-induced downregulation of hippocampal SIRT1 participates in cognitive impairment after surgery by inhibiting the autophagy process and activating apoptosis.
- | GYY4137 / National University of Singapore
Journal: Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on endothelial cells through Sirt1-FoxO1-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 µmol/L) GYY4137 (HS donor) for indicated times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h), with or without pre-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or bafilomycin A1...Furthermore, HS-induced autophagy protected ECs from Ox-LDL-induced apoptosis by activating Sirt1. These results suggest that Sirt1-mediated autophagy in ECs is a novel mechanism by which HS exerts vascular-protective actions.
- | Preclinical, Journal: An aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L. inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma by inducing autophagy in vivo and in vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2021
Our results suggest that PV inhibits the growth of PTC in vivo and in vitro via autophagy, which is associated with the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Thus, PV has the potential to function as a therapeutic agent against PTC.
- | Journal: β-arrestin1 inhibits hypoxic injury-induced autophagy in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2021
Collectively, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that β-arrestin1 reduces excessive autophagy and apoptosis resistance by activating the Akt/mTOR axis in hypoxic hPAECs. This knowledge suggests a promising therapeutic target for PAH.
- | Journal: Ambient particulate matter-associated autophagy alleviates pulmonary inflammation induced by Platanus pollen protein 3 (Pla3). (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2021
These results suggested that SPPs promote ROS generation and increase TSLP levels, triggering downstream inflammation reactions. However, ambient PM could aggravate autophagy, which in turn effectively suppressed ROS and TSLP levels, leading to the alleviation of the immune response and pulmonary inflammation.
- | Xalkori (crizotinib) / Pfizer
Journal: Crizotinib Resistance Mediated by Autophagy Is Higher in the Stem-Like Cell Subset in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, and This Effect Is MYC-Dependent. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2021
In conclusion, stem-like RR cells respond with rapid and intense autophagic flux which manifests with crizotinib resistance. For the first time, we have highlighted the direct role of MYC in regulating autophagy and its associated chemoresistance phenotype in ALK + ALCL stem-like cells.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy-dependent mitochondrial function regulates osteoclast differentiation and maturation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2021
Our study shows that autophagy-dependent mitochondrial function plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Elucidating the mechanisms regulating autophagic activity in osteoclasts, and developing bone-tissue-specific inhibitors of autophagy, will lead to improved understanding of the pathologies involved in destructive bone diseases.
- | Journal: Autophagy is a pro-survival adaptive response to heat shock in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2021
In conclusion, autophagy is a stress response induced on heat shocked oocytes. Inhibition of autophagy modulated key functional processes rendering the oocyte more susceptible to the deleterious effects of heat shock.
- | Journal: Activation of Lrrk2 and α-Synuclein in substantia nigra, striatum, and cerebellum after chronic exposure to arsenite. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2021
Chronic arsenite exposure altered transcripts of glutathione redox reactions and serotonin receptor signaling in striatum, axonal guidance signaling, NF-κB and androgen signaling in substantia nigra and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis and sirtuin signaling in the cerebellum. These data suggest that arsenite affects processes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in brain region specific manner.
- | Journal: Targeting autophagy by natural product Ursolic acid for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2021
Collectively, UA may ameliorate osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast differentiation mediated by autophagy. Our research provides scientific support for UA treating osteoporosis and offers an optimal dose for daily intake of UA safely to prevent bone diseases.
- | salinomycin (HSB-1216) / Hillstream BioPharma
Journal: Salinomycin induces autophagic cell death in salinomycin-sensitive melanoma cells through inhibition of autophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2021
We also discovered a potential correlation between LC3B mRNA level and its sensitivity to Sal in 43 clinical melanoma samples. Overall, our results indicated that Sal could have multiple effect on melanoma cells and induce autophagic cell death in certain kinds of cells, which provided a new insight into the chemotherapy for melanoma.
- | Journal: Upregulation of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 mimics calorie restriction to retard liver aging by inducing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy blocked the anti-aging effects of upregulation of hepatocyte FMO3, including reversing the amelioration of the serum and hepatic parameters related to inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatocyte senescence. Our results suggest that the upregulation of FMO3 mimics CR to prevent or reverse hepatic aging by promoting autophagy.
- | selisistat (SEN-196) / AOP Orphan Pharma
Journal: Araloside C attenuates atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
In contrast, the effects of AsC were markedly blocked by EX527 and Sirt1 siRNA. Altogether, AsC attenuates foam cell formation and lessens atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy.
- | Journal: K63 ubiquitin chains target NLRP3 inflammasome for autophagic degradation in ox-LDL-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
We further observed through immunoprecipitation and siRNA knockdown that autophagic degradation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is dependent on K63 polyubiquitation of its NLRP3 subunit and subsequent binding by the adaptor protein p62. Our findings uncover a mechanism by which autophagy inhibits inflammation in atherosclerosis and the role of K63 in that process.
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker: Exploitation of a novel phenothiazine derivative for its anti-cancer activities in malignant glioblastoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Furthermore, DS00329 treatment of glioblastoma cells inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt cell survival pathway. Our findings suggest that DS00329 may be an effective treatment for glioblastoma and provide a rationale for further exploration and validation of the use of phenothiazines and their derivatives in the treatment of glioblastoma.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Atmospheric fine particulate matter exposure exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by inhibiting autophagy in macrophages via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
However, these effects of PM were aggravated with the administration of LY294002, triciribine, or rapamycin. This study indicated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in the suppression of autophagy induced by PM in macrophages, the accelerated effect of PM on atherosclerosis was mediated by down-regulation of macrophages autophagy via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
- | Journal: YAP manipulates proliferation via PTEN/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in lung adenocarcinomas. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
This study indicated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in the suppression of autophagy induced by PM in macrophages, the accelerated effect of PM on atherosclerosis was mediated by down-regulation of macrophages autophagy via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Hippo pathway critical transcriptional coactivators YAP manipulates the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma, which is regulated by PTEN/AKT/mTOR autophagic signaling.
- | docetaxel / Generic mfg.
Journal: Mesenchymal stem cells desensitize castration-resistant prostate cancer to docetaxel chemotherapy via inducing TGF-β1-mediated cell autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Hippo pathway critical transcriptional coactivators YAP manipulates the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma, which is regulated by PTEN/AKT/mTOR autophagic signaling. These results suggest that docetaxel administrated CRPC cells may elicit MSCs secreting TGF-β1 increase, which desensitizes CRPC to docetaxel chemotherapy accelerating chemoresistance occurrence via inducing cell autophagy.
- || temozolomide / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Role of autophagy in regulation of glioma stem cells population during therapeutic stress. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the maintenance of GSCs and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced therapeutic response...Our study signifies a positive contribution of autophagy in survival of GSCs which implicates the use of autophagy inhibitors in a combinational approach to target TMZ-induced GSCs for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further efforts are required to study the role of autophagy in therapy- induced GSC pool in other cancer types for its broad therapeutic implication.
- | Journal: Autophagy promotion enhances the protective effect of Morroniside on human OA chondrocyte. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Moreover, the upregulation of autophagy further promoted the role of Morroniside in treating chondrocytes. Our data present a potential clue for the therapeutic strategies of Morroniside in treating OA.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Galectin-3 mediates pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dynamics via TRPC1/4 under acute hypoxia. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
These results suggest that a hypoxia-mediated increase in Gal-3 promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy by inhibiting the TRPC1/4 pathway and activating the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in PVECs. Furthermore, these results may provide us with a new direction to explore the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension.
- | bemcentinib (BGB324) / BerGenBio
Journal, Immunogenic cell death: AXL targeting abrogates autophagic flux and induces immunogenic cell death in drug resistant cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2021
Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between AXL expression and autophagy associated gene signatures in a large cohort of human NSCLC (n = 1018). Our results show that AXL signaling supports a drug resistant persister cell phenotype through a novel autophagy dependent mechanism and reveals a unique immunogenic effect of AXL inhibition on drug resistant NSCLC cells.
- | Farydak (panobinostat) / Novartis
Journal: Anti-leukemic effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells: Shedding light on mitigating effects of NF-κB and autophagy on panobinostat cytotoxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
The results of the present study reflected another aspect of autophagy in leukemic cells, as we showed that although Nalm-6 cells could exploit autophagy to override the anti-survival effect of HDAC inhibition, the presence of an autophagy inhibitor could alter the compensatory circumstance to induce cell death. Beyond panobinostat cytotoxicity as a single agent, synergistic experiments outlined that pharmaceutical targeting of HDAC could amplify the cytotoxicity of vincristine in ALL cells, delineating that panobinostat, either as a single agent or in a combined modality, possesses novel promising potentials for the treatment of ALL.
- | Journal: VEGF knockdown enhances radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
Mechanistically, silencing VEGF suppressed autophagy through activation of the mTOR pathway. VEGF depletion increased radiosensitivity of NPC cells by suppressing autophagy via activation of the mTOR pathway.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1a) links palmitate-induced mTOR activation and lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
In this study, via a small-scale screening of chemical inhibitors using AML12 hepatocytes, we identified mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) to be a culprit in palmitate-induced cell death in hepatocytes in that mTOR inhibition is protective against palmitate-induced cell death...2-bromopalmitate, a protein palmitoylation inhibitor, ameliorated palmitate-triggered mTORC1 activation, concomitant with prevention of lipotoxicity in hepatocytes. Collectively, our data have identified that mTORC1 and ER stress are coordinately implicated in hepatocyte cell death in response to palmitate exposure and suggests that this pathway may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NAFLD as well as other metabolic disorders involving lipotoxicity.
- | methotrexate / Generic mfg.
Journal: SLAMF1 Promotes Methotrexate Resistance via Activating Autophagy in Choriocarcinoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
SLAMF1 might promote MTX resistance via activating protective autophagy in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Targeting SLAMF1 might be a useful therapeutic strategy to sensitize choriocarcinoma cells to MTX-based regimens.
- || Clinical, Journal: Study on Clinical Significance of LncRNA EGOT Expression in Colon Cancer and Its Effect on Autophagy of Colon Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
EGOT is highly expressed in CC and has high diagnostic value. In addition, inhibition of EGOT can promote autophagy of CC cells and inhibit cell growth and metastasis, which is expected to be a potential therapeutic index.
- | Zelboraf (vemurafenib) / Roche
Journal: T-Type calcium channels as potential therapeutic targets in vemurafenib-resistant BRAF melanoma: TTCCs are therapy target in BRAF melanoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2021
Moreover, we identified an association between PTEN status and Cav3.1 expression in these cells as a marker of sensitivity to combination therapy in resistant cells. Together, our results suggest that TTCC blockers offer a potential targeted therapy in resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma and a therapeutic strategy to reduce progression toward BRAFi resistance.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Isoliquiritigenin inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis through activating autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in MRC-5 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 7, 2021
Taken together, our results demonstrated that ISL could attenuate the fibrogenesis of TGF-β1-treated MRC-5 cells by activating autophagy via suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, ISL holds a great potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Upregulation of ubiquitinated proteins and their degradation pathway in muscle atrophy induced by cisplatin in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 7, 2021
In conclusion, ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins are upregulated in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. Cisplatin-induced ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by the 26 s proteasome pathway.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Mitochondrial DNA drives abscopal responses to radiation that are inhibited by autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 7, 2021
Finally, a genetic signature of autophagy had negative prognostic value in patients with breast cancer, inversely correlating with mitochondrial abundance, type I IFN signaling and effector immunity. As clinically useful autophagy inhibitors are elusive, our findings suggest that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization may represent a valid target for boosting radiation therapy immunogenicity in patients with breast cancer.
- | Journal: The microRNA-155 mediates hepatitis B virus replication by reinforcing SOCS1 signalling-induced autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 6, 2021
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The research studied the potential mechanism involved in HBV replication and miR-155 that miR-155 reinforces HBV replication by reinforcing the SOCS1/Akt/mTOR axis-stimulated autophagy, and therefore, it can provide medical practitioners with the inspiration that chronic HBV might be cured or improved by regulating the activation of miR-155 in cells. In the study, the experiments show that autophagy inhibitors (3-MA) counteracted miR-155 contribution to HBV replication, and it might be a practicable way to improve HBV through some therapies that can repress the autophagy in related cells.
- | Journal: Development of Inhalable Quinacrine Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Modified Cationic Nanoparticles: Repurposing Quinacrine for Lung Cancer Therapeutics. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 6, 2021
BSA coated QA NPs also demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a 3D cell culture model. The present study thus lays solid groundwork for pre-clinical and eventual clinical studies as a standalone therapy and in combination with existing chemotherapeutics.
- | Journal: Induction of Autophagy by Baicalin Through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway Protects Human Skin Fibroblasts from Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 6, 2021
Administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abrogated AMPK phosphorylation and increased mTOR phosphorylation and apoptosis compared with baicalin alone. Taken together, these results indicate the important role of mTOR inhibition in UVB protection by baicalin and provide a new target and strategy for better prevention of UV-induced skin disorders.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., dactinomycin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Role of uL3 in the Crosstalk between Nucleolar Stress and Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 6, 2021
On the basis of these results and our previous findings, we hypothesize that the absence of uL3 in cancer cells might inhibit cancer cell response to drug treatment through the activation of cytoprotective autophagy. The restoration of uL3 could enhance the activity of many drugs thanks to its pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagic activity.