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- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Shengma Biejia Decoction Inhibits Cell Growth in Multiple Myeloma by Inducing Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis Through the ERK/mTOR Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 16, 2021
The results also show that rapamycin could reduce the rate of SMBJD-induced apoptosis in H929 and U266 cells, at a concentration which had no effect on apoptosis but activated autophagy...These results indicate that SMBJD, an old and effective herbal compound, could inhibit the viability of H929 and U266 cells and induce autophagy-mediated apoptosis through the ERK/mTOR pathway. Thus, it represents a potential therapy strategy for multiple myeloma.
- | oxaliplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: The c-Myc/miR-27b-3p/ATG10 regulatory axis regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2021
Our study identifies a novel c-Myc/miR-27b-3p/ATG10 signaling pathway that regulates colorectal cancer chemoresistance. These results suggest that miR-27b-3p is not only a potential indicator for evaluating efficiency of chemotherapy, but also a valuable therapeutic target for CRC, especially for patients with chemoresistance.
- || propranolol / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Enhanced Efficacy of Propranolol Therapy for Infantile Hemangiomas based on a Mesoporous Silica Nanoplatform through Mediating Autophagy Dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2021
Our study revealed a promising PRN delivery system based on a mesoporous silica nanoplatform that could induce autophagy dysfunction with excessive autophagosome accumulation to promote the therapeutic efficacy of PRN therapy. PRN@MSN drug delivery system combined with autophagy modulation may act as a promising treatment pattern in the treatment of hemangiomas.
- | Journal: MiR-205-3p protects human corneal epithelial cells from ultraviolet damage by inhibiting autophagy via targeting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2021
PRN@MSN drug delivery system combined with autophagy modulation may act as a promising treatment pattern in the treatment of hemangiomas. MiR-205-3p protected HCE cells from UV damage by inhibiting autophagy via targeting TLR4.
- | Journal: Single-cell analysis of autophagy activity in normal and de novo transformed human mammary cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2021
In addition, use of this vector showed cells with the lowest autophagosome content elicited the fastest tumor growth in 2 different models of human mammary tumorigenesis. These results illustrate the utility of this vector to define differences in the autophagy properties of individual cells in primary tissue and couple these with their responses to proliferative and oncogenic stimuli.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO biomarker: Polysaccharides from sporoderm-removed spores of Ganoderma lucidum induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via disruption of autophagic flux. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2021
Finally, the present study demonstrated that the RSGLP-induced autophagy and disruption of autophagic flux disruption was, at least in part, responsible for RSGLP-induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The results of the present study demonstrated for the first time that RSGLP is more effective than BSGLP in inhibiting gastric cancer cell viability, and RSGLP may serve as a promising autophagy inhibitor in the management of gastric cancer.
- | Journal: Nerve growth factor activates autophagy in Schwann cells to enhance myelin debris clearance and to expedite nerve regeneration. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
NGF effect on promoting early nerve regeneration is closely associated with its accelerating autophagic clearance of myelin debris in SCs, which probably regulated by the p75/AMPK/mTOR axis. Our studies thus provide strong support that NGF may serve as a powerful pharmacological therapy for peripheral nerve injuries.
- | Journal: Beclin 1-ATG14L Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Selectively Inhibits Autophagy through Disruption of VPS34 Complex I. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
This molecule is a promising new tool that is critical for understanding how modulation of the Beclin 1-ATG14L interaction affects autophagy. More broadly, its discovery demonstrates that targeting protein-protein interactions found within the autophagy pathway is a viable strategy for the discovery of autophagy-specific probes and therapeutics.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: A pectin-like polysaccharide from Polygala tenuifolia inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and suppressing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
However, RP02-1 had almost no toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The above results suggested that RP02-1 might be a potential leading compound for new drug candidate development for human PDAC treatment via inducing apoptosis and against autophagy.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Suppressed nuclear envelope proteins activate autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells during cyclic stretch application. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
Administration of autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, repressed VSMC proliferation efficiently, but did not affect the degradation of two important nuclear envelope (NE) proteins, lamin A/C and emerin...Altogether, these results demonstrated that pathological cyclic stretch suppresses the expression of lamin A/C and emerin which subsequently represses mTOR pathway so as to induce autophagy activation. Blocking autophagic flux may be a practicable way to relieve the pathological vascular remodeling in hypertensive.
- || hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Targeting Autophagy in Breast Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy could enhance tumor cell death by diverse anti-cancer therapies, representing an attractive approach to control mechanisms of drug resistance. In this manuscript, we present a review of autophagy focusing on its interplay with targeted drugs used for breast cancer treatment.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparison of chloroquine-like molecules for lysosomal inhibition and measurement of autophagic flux in the brain. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
This study shows that chloroquine and quinacrine can both be used to measure autophagic flux in cells, and in some peripheral tissues. However, measurement of flux in the brain using lysosomal inhibitors remains an unresolved research challenge.
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO biomarker: Autophagy-mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of p53 leads to apoptosis through DRAM-BAX in cadmium-exposed human proximal tubular cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
The inhibition of autophagy through pharmacological and genetic knockdown reduced p53 and inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis. Collectively, Cd induces apoptosis through p53-mediated DRAM-BAX signaling, which can be regulated by autophagy.
- | Journal: NMMHC IIA triggers neuronal autophagic cell death by promoting F-actin-dependent ATG9A trafficking in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Furthermore, blebbistatin significantly improved neurological deficits and infarct volume after ischemic attack in mice, accompanied by ATG9A trafficking and autophagy inhibition. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective effects of NMMHC IIA inhibition on regulating ATG9A trafficking-dependent autophagy activation in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Taken together, G-Rg3 exerted anti-fibrosis effect through the inhibition of autophagy in TAA-treated mice and LPS-stimulated HSC-T6 cells. These data collectively unravel that G-Rg3 may serve a promising anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.
- | Journal: Mitochondrial dysfunction generates aggregates that resist lysosomal degradation in human breast cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
We propose that quantifying aggregates and autophagic receptors are two potential methods to evaluate autophagy and lysosomal degradation, as confirmed using primary human tumor samples. Collectively, this report establishes protein aggregates and autophagy receptors, TAX1BP1 and NDP52, as potential endpoints for monitoring autophagy during drug development and clinical studies.
- | Arxxant (ruboxistaurin) / Eli Lilly, Takeda
Journal: The Inhibition of Protein Kinase C β Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia by Activating Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Collectively, this report establishes protein aggregates and autophagy receptors, TAX1BP1 and NDP52, as potential endpoints for monitoring autophagy during drug development and clinical studies. These data support a novel model in which autophagic activation due to PKCβ inhibition leads to the impairment of angiogenesis and eventually results in preeclampsia.
- | Journal: Delayed treatment with an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA alleviates the progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Taken together, these findings indicate that hyperuricemia-induced autophagy is critically involved in the activation of renal fibroblasts, EMT, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells and development of renal fibrosis. Thus, this study provides evidence for autophagy inhibitors as the treatment of HN patients.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Chondroitin sulfate from sturgeon bone protects rat chondrocytes from hydrogen peroxide-induced damage by maintaining cellular homeostasis through enhanced autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
However, these events could be blocked in chondrocytes pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, resulting in a decreased level of autophagy and increased apoptosis. These results suggest that CSSB treatment helps maintain intracellular homeostasis and prevent injury in chondrocytes treated with HO by increasing autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal: MicroRNA-34a Inhibition Alleviates Lung Injury in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Induced Septic Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that miR-34a was implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation, pyroptosis, and autophagy in the development of sepsis. MiR-34a inhibition had a potential to alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury.
- | Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal, IO biomarker: Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Moreover, the blocking of the expression of Bcl-2 and PI3K significantly increased the level of apoptosis. Osthole and sorafenib successfully inhibited the migration of the MOGGCCM and T98G cells.
- | Journal: Protective Effect of Tangeretin and 5-Hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-Pentamethoxyflavone on Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting Autophagy via Activation of the ROS-AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Collectively, these results revealed that TAN and 5-HPMF prevented the pathological process of BIIC-stimulated arthritis through inhibiting the autophagy of synovial cells, achieved via the ROS-AKT/mTOR signal axis. Thus, our findings confirmed the protective potential of TAN and 5-HPMF for RA disease.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: JNK-mediated blockage of autophagic flux exacerbates the triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis in preodontoblast. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
More importantly, we found that the JNK/MAPK pathway was the key upstream regulator of above injury process. Collectively, our finding firstly demonstrated that TEGDMA induced JNK-dependent autophagy, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction-associated oxidative damage and apoptosis in preodontoblast.
- | Journal: Autophagy Induction by α-Santalol in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Collectively, our finding firstly demonstrated that TEGDMA induced JNK-dependent autophagy, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction-associated oxidative damage and apoptosis in preodontoblast. The present study indicates that α-santalol induces autophagy by targeting the AKT-mTOR pathway in prostate cancer cells, which may serve as a protective mechanism.
- | erlotinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: Erlotinib Activates Different Cell Death Pathways in EGFR-mutant Lung Cancer Cells Grown in 3D Versus 2D Culture Systems. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
The present study indicates that α-santalol induces autophagy by targeting the AKT-mTOR pathway in prostate cancer cells, which may serve as a protective mechanism. Erlotinib induces apoptotic cell death in 3D cultures through an autophagy-TRAIL-JNK pathway.
- || Clinical, Journal: MiR-451 Promotes Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Autophagy in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Targeting HMGB1. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
MiR-451 exerted a tumor suppressive effect in enhancing cell death and reducing autophagy of AML cells by targeting HMGB1. MiR-451 might be considered a candidate target for treating pediatric AML.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Fisetin inhibits inflammation and induces autophagy by mediating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay showed that fisetin decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3B (LC3B) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) expression in LPS-treated cells, while the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) could partially reverse this effect...Fisetin diminished the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and facilitated autophagosome-lysosome fusion and degradation in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Overall, the results of this study provide new clues for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of fisetin and explain the crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation to some extent.
- | Journal: Curcumin promotes the survival of ischemic random skin flaps via autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Together with secondary response of increased angiogenesis, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, CUR effectively improved survival of random skin flaps in vivo. To sum up, our research showed the great potential of CUR using as a promising flap protective therapy for random skin flap survival and regeneration.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in Solanaceous plants. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
TLCYnV carrying the AIM mutation displays enhanced pathogenicity in Solanaceous plants. Taken together, these data suggest that a new type of nuclear autophagy-mediated degradation of viral proteins through an XPO1-dependent nuclear export pathway restricts virus infection in plants.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Chimeric peptide supramolecular nanoparticles for plectin-1 targeted miRNA-9 delivery in pancreatic cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Mechanistically, miR-9 directly targets the eIF5A2 transcript by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) to reduce the expression levels and the secreted protein of eIF5A2 in PDAC cells. PL-1/miR-9 nanoparticles can be used as a novel promising anti-cancer strategy with tumor targeting and miR-9/eIF5A2 may serve as a new potential therapeutic target for future synergic therapy against human PDAC.
- | cyclosporin A microemulsion / Generic mfg.
Journal: Nontoxic concentration of ochratoxin A decreases the dosage of cyclosporine A to induce chronic nephropathy model via autophagy mediated by toll-like receptor 4. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
The side effects of current model were significantly lesser than those of the previous model induced by onefold CsA. It provided a new tool for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
- | Journal: High-mobility group AT-hook 1 promotes cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy via autophagy inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
In addition, a miR-222 antagomir counteracted HMGA1 overexpression-induced deteriorating effects in vitro. Taken together, our data indicate that HMGA1 aggravates diabetic cardiomyopathy by directly regulating miR-222 promoter activity, which inhibits P27/mTOR-induced autophagy.
- | clarithromycin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Clarithromycin inhibits autophagy in colorectal cancer by regulating the hERG1 potassium channel interaction with PI3K. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
We conclude that Cla affects the autophagic flux by impairing the signaling pathway linking hERG1 and PI3K. Combining Cla with 5-FU might be a novel therapeutic option in CRC.
- | AiTan (rivoceranib) / HLB Bio Group
Journal: Silencing of circRACGAP1 sensitizes gastric cancer cells to apatinib via modulating autophagy by targeting miR-3657 and ATG7. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
These findings provided the first evidence that the circRACGAP1-miR-3657-ATG7 axis mediates a novel regulatory pathway critical for the regulation of apatinib sensitivity in GC. Thus, specific blockage of circRACGAP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the toxicities of apatinib and enhance its therapeutic effect in human GC.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR knockdown enhances radiosensitivity through regulating microRNA-93/ATG12 axis in colorectal cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Furthermore, HOTAIR knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity of CRC xenograft tumors by regulating miR-93/ATG12 axis. In conclusion, HOTAIR knockdown potentiated radiosensitivity through regulating miR-93/ATG12 axis in CRC, further elucidating the roles and molecular basis of HOTAIR in CRC radioresistance.
- | paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy inhibition potentiates the anti-EMT effects of alteronol through TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in melanoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that alteronol, a novel compound that has a similar structure with paclitaxel, exerts anticancer effects against diversified tumors...Our results suggest that alteronol induces cyto-protective autophagy in melanoma cells through inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway, thus attenuates apoptosis and promotes melanoma cell EMT through TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Combination with alteronol and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA may be a potential treatment for melanoma as it not only significantly inhibited tumor growth but also suppressed tumor invasion and migration as anti-metastasis agent.
- | Journal: The autophagy-independent role of BECN1 in colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating STAT3 signaling pathway activation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Our study revealed that BECN1 served as a negative regulator of CRC metastasis by regulating STAT3 signaling pathway activation in an autophagy-independent manner. The BECN1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can be used as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic CRC.
- | Journal: Saikosaponin D inhibits autophagosome‑lysosome fusion and induces autophagy‑independent apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
The genetic knockdown of autophagy‑related protein 5 markedly reduced SSD‑mediated LC3B‑II accumulation; however, it did not affect the SSD‑mediated phosphorylation/activation of p38, cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase‑3 or apoptosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that SSD may induce apoptosis and block autophagic degradation, which provides further evidence of the association between the inhibition of autophagic degradation and cell death.
- | Journal: Excess diacylglycerol at the endoplasmic reticulum disrupts endomembrane homeostasis and autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that SSD may induce apoptosis and block autophagic degradation, which provides further evidence of the association between the inhibition of autophagic degradation and cell death. This work identifies DAG as the critical lipid molecule responsible for autophagy inhibition under condition of defective TAG synthesis and demonstrates the disruption of ER and Golgi function by excess DAG as the potential cause of the autophagy defect.
- | Journal: Cannabinoid-Induced Autophagy and Heme Oxygenase-1 Determine the Fate of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Stressful Conditions. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Remarkably, inhibition of HO-1 by SnPPIX under conditions of autophagy deficit led to a significant reversal of apoptosis in cannabinoid-treated cells. In conclusion, the investigated cannabinoids increase metabolic viability of ADMSCs under serum-free conditions by inducing HO-1-independent autophagy but contribute to apoptosis under conditions of additional autophagy deficit via an HO-1-dependent pathway.
- | Journal: SKIL facilitates tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC via upregulating TAZ/autophagy axis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy reversed the effects of SKIL/TAZ overexpression on the STING pathway. In conclusion, SKIL promoted tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC cells through upregulation of TAZ/autophagy axis and inhibition on downstream STING pathway.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Chloroquine reverses chemoresistance via upregulation of p21 and autophagy inhibition in ovarian cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
In an in vivo efficacy study, the CQ-CDDP combination significantly decreased tumor weight and increased expression of γH2AX and p21 in A2780-CP20 orthotopic xenografts and a drug-resistant patient-derived xenograft model of EOC compared with controls. These results demonstrated that CQ increases cytotoxicity in combination with CDDP by inducing lethal DNA damage by induction of p21 expression and autophagy inhibition in CDDP-resistant EOC.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 upregulates autophagy and promotes viability in Hodgkin lymphoma: Implications for targeted therapy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
We found that EBV-LMP1 transfection in HL cells induced a modest increase in autophagy signals, attenuated starvation-induced autophagic stress, and alleviated autophagy inhibition- or doxorubicin-induced cell death...Collectively, these results suggest that EBV-LMP1 enhances autophagy and promotes viability of HL cells. Autophagic inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients with HL, especially EBV-positive cases.
- | Panzem (2-methoxyestradiol) / CASI
Journal: Characterization of Signalling Pathways That Link Apoptosis and Autophagy to Cell Death Induced by Estrone Analogues Which Reversibly Depolymerize Microtubules. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
2-Ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)15-tetraene-3-ol-17one (ESE-15-one) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) are sulphamoylated 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) analogues designed by our research team...Both compounds reversibly disrupted microtubule dynamics as an early event by binding to the microtubule colchicine site, which blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G/S- and G/M transitions...In conclusion, the 2-ME analogues induced a time-dependent cross-talk between cell cycle checkpoints, apoptotic signalling and autophagic processes, with an increased reactive oxygen species formation and perturbated microtubule functioning appearing to connect the processes. Subtle differences in the responses were observed between the two compounds and the different cell lines.
- | Journal: Curcumin Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Saos-2 Cell Apoptosis Via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
In addition, curcumin inhibited HO (oxidative stress agonist)-induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, but curcumin had no obvious effect on AY-22989 (autophagy agonist)-induced autophagy and apoptosis. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress is an inducer of autophagy and that curcumin can attenuate excess autophagy and cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress in PA-induced Saos-2 cells.
- | Journal: Insulin Exacerbates Inflammation in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Moreover, the data showed that a positive feedback loop existed between proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and PI3K/mTOR/Akt/NF-ĸB signaling in FLSs, and insulin enhanced this feedback loop to accelerate OA progression. Our study suggests that insulin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for OA prevention and treatment in the future.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: GSTP1 Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response Through Regulating Autophagy in THP-1 Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
In addition, our findings provide evidence that GSTP1 regulates autophagy through PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. Overall, the current study provides an important reference for future applications of GSTP1 in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
- | Journal: Polydatin Alleviates Septic Myocardial Injury by Promoting SIRT6-Mediated Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
SIRT6 expression was increased with PD treatment, which confirmed that PD attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by promotion of SIRT6-mediated autophagy. All these results indicate that PD has potential therapeutic effects that alleviate septic myocardial injury by promotion of SIRT6-mediated autophagy.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Furthermore, we found that treatment of HBSS-induced HK-2 cells with G-Rb1 resulted in AMPK/mTOR and ERK, p38 MAPKs signaling pathways regulated autophagy inhibition. These findings may explain, in part, the molecular mechanisms by which G-Rb1 could be applied in the treatment of patients with CKD, further suggesting that autophagy and its associated molecular signaling pathway may be new targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis and CKD.
- | Journal: Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts of the Leaves and Roots of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss through Their Inhibition of CREB and Induction of ERK and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Finally, it was confirmed that Pv-EE induces autophagy through the autophagy markers LC3B and p62, and that the anti-melanogenic effect of Pv-EE is inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyl adenine (3-MA). These results suggest that Pv-EE may be used as a skin protectant due to its anti-melanin properties including autophagy.