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- | deoxyglucose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis alleviates sepsis‑induced acute kidney injury by promoting lactate/Sirtuin 3/AMPK‑regulated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of autophagy with 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA) partially abolished the protective effect of 2‑DG in sepsis‑induced AKI. These findings indicated that inhibition of aerobic glycolysis protected against sepsis‑induced AKI by promoting autophagy via the lactate/SIRT3/AMPK pathway.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Preclinical, Journal: Peperomin E Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Prostate Cancer DU145 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
In summary, our finding showed that peperomin E had an effect on DU145 cells in vitro and in a nude mouse DU145 cell xenograft model in vivo, demonstrated that peperomin E could significantly induce apoptosis and the autophagic response in DU145 cells and that autophagy played a cytoprotective role in peperomin E-treated DU145 cells. These results suggest that the combination of peperomin E treatment and autophagic inhibition has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: TCDD induced lipid accumulation by impairment of autophagic flux in THP-1 macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
On the contrary, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor (Chloroquine, CQ) promoted TCDD-induced lipid accumulation...These results indicated that TCDD promoted lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages by inhibiting autophagic flux. Our findings revealed new insights into the toxicity mechanisms of TCDD.
- | Journal: Melatonin prevents diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction from microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by activating autophagy via TLR4/Akt/mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
Lastly, MLT treatment significantly decreased the levels of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), indicating that blocking TLR4/Akt/mTOR pathway might be an underlying basis for the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of MLT. Collectively, our study suggested that MLT could improve learning and memory in type 2 diabetic mice by activating autophagy via the TLR4/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation and microglial apoptosis.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Autophagy contributes to angiotensin II induced dysfunction of HUVECs. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
Silence Atg5 completely reverses Ang II-activated autophagy levels. Our results demonstrate that Ang II stimulation increases autophagy levels via AT1 receptor, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial K channel, eNOS, Atg5 signal pathway in HUVECs, and activation of autophagy contributes to Ang II induced dysfunction of HUVECs.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and LY294002 repress osteoclastogenesis and titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
In vivo, 3-MA and LY294002 repressed Ti particle-stimulated osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggest that 3-MA and LY294002 might be the potential medicines to prevent and treat PIO and aseptic loosening.
- | Journal: An ultrasensitive polarity-specific two-photon probe for revealing autophagy in live cells during scrap leather-induced neuroinflammation process. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2021
Therefore, AMN can offer high-sensitive imaging analysis of the autophagy inhibition process to better understand the role of autophagy in the process of neuroinflammation. The model of scrap leather-induced neuroinflammation using PC12 cells demonstrated that neuroinflammation can induce autophagy by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and autophagy can alleviate neuroinflammation significantly via ROS scavenging.
- | Journal: Resveratrol modulates the apoptosis and autophagic death of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via a p53‑dependent pathway: Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 16, 2021
Pifithrin‑α, an inhibitor of p53, partially reduced RSV‑induced apoptosis and autophagy. On the whole, the results of the present study demonstrated that RSV initiates the apoptosis and autophagic death of A549 cells via the activation of the p53 signaling pathway, further highlighting the potential of RSV for the treatment of NSCLC.
- | Journal: 6-Shogaol from ginger shows anti-tumor effect in cervical carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 16, 2021
On the whole, the results of the present study demonstrated that RSV initiates the apoptosis and autophagic death of A549 cells via the activation of the p53 signaling pathway, further highlighting the potential of RSV for the treatment of NSCLC. These findings suggested that 6-shogaol could be developed as a functional food ingredient, which is potentially used as therapeutic agents for patients with cervical cancer.
- | Journal: n-Butylidenephthalide Modulates Autophagy to Ameliorate Neuropathological Progress of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 through mTOR Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 16, 2021
With its unique mechanism, the two autophagic inhibitors Bafilomycin A1 and wortmannin could halt the n-BP-induced elimination of aggregates. Collectively, n-BP shows promising results for the treatment of SCA3.
- | Journal: Ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 initiates overactive autophagy in depleted uranium-induced cytotoxicity in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 15, 2021
We suggested that by reducing ETHE1, activation of the p53 pathway, and inhibiting mTOR pathways, DU might induce overactive autophagy, which affected the cytotoxicity. This study will provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DU-induced cytotoxicity.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Propionate alleviates palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by enhancing autophagy in calf hepatic cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 15, 2021
However, inhibition of autophagic activity by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 impede the beneficial effects of propionate on ER stress and cell viability. These results demonstrated that propionate alleviates ER stress and elevates cell viability in PA-treated calf hepatic cells by enhancing autophagy, which implies that autophagy may be a promising target in improving liver injury of dairy cows during transition period.
- | PLX4720 / Daiichi Sankyo
Journal: BRAF Inhibition Induces Cytoprotective Autophagy through AMPK in Thyroid Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 15, 2021
We reveal that the inhibition of BRAF activity with its specific inhibitor PLX4720 or the depletion of its expression by siRNA induces autophagy in thyroid tumour cells...Collectively, we uncover a new role of AMPK in mediating the induction of cytoprotective autophagy by BRAF inhibition. In addition, these data establish a rationale for designing an integrated therapy targeting BRAF and the LKB1-AMPK-ULK1-autophagy axis for the treatment of BRAF-positive thyroid tumours.
- | Journal: Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics involved in iron oxide nanoparticle-induced dysfunction of dendritic cells was alleviated by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
The resulting reduced levels of dextran uptake, CD80, CD86 and chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) suggested that PEG-Fe O nanoparticles impaired the functionally immature state of DCs. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) alleviated PEG-Fe O nanoparticle-induced mitochondrial instability and impairment of the functionally immature state of DCs due to unexpected enhancement of PGC1α/MFN2-mediated coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion.
- | Journal: Cytotoxic Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa as Potent Autophagy Inhibitors by the Attenuation of Lysosomal Acidification. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Alkaloids 1-4 are new vobasinyl-ibogan alkaloids, and 1 is characterized by an unusual 1,3-oxazinane moiety. Alkaloids 4 and 16 exhibited moderate cytotoxic potency against various human cancer cell lines, while 4, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16 showed attenuation of lysosomal acidification activity (EC: 12.9-29.8 μM), thereby inhibiting autophagic flux.
- | Journal: Knockdown of YAP/TAZ Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Fibroblast Synovial Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Furthermore, our data displayed that inhibition of autophagy either with 3-MA or CQ can partially reverse the decrease of migration and invasion induced by YAP and TAZ knockdown in RA-FLS. Our experiments preliminarily revealed that YAP/TAZ and autophagy play important roles in the migration and invasion of RA-FLS, which might provide novel targets for the treatment of RA.
- | Journal: The role of activating transcription factor 6 in hydroxycamptothecin-induced fibroblast autophagy and apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Our experiments preliminarily revealed that YAP/TAZ and autophagy play important roles in the migration and invasion of RA-FLS, which might provide novel targets for the treatment of RA. Our results demonstrate that HCPT acts as a facilitator of fibroblast apoptosis and inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation for curbing the postoperative scar adhesion, in which the ATF6-mediated ERS pathway and autophagy are involved.
- | Journal: AKR1B10 negatively regulates autophagy through reducing GAPDH upon glucose starvation in colon cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Interestingly, we also found a NADPH-dependent reduction reaction could be induced when AKR1B10 interacts with GAPDH and the reductase activity of AKR1B10 is important for its repressing autophagy. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism of NRP1 in regulating autophagy through AKR1B10.
- | Preclinical, Journal: miR-338-3p inhibits autophagy in a rat model of allergic rhinitis after PM2.5 exposure through AKT/mTOR signaling by targeting UBE2Q1. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Moreover, our in vivo study found that after administration of agomiR-338-3p in AR rats model, the expression of autophagy-related proteins decreased and nasal symptoms alleviated. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-338-3p acts as an autophagy suppressor in PM2.5-exacerbated AR by directly targeting UBE2Q1 and affecting AKT/mTOR pathway.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Melatonin induces the rejuvenation of long-term ex vivo expanded periodontal ligament stem cells by modulating the autophagic process. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
The present study suggests that MLT may attenuate long-term expansion-caused cellular senescence by restoring autophagy, most likely via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in an MT-dependent manner. This is the first report identifying the involvement of MT-dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in MLT-induced autophagy alteration, indicating a potential of autophagy-restoring agents such as MLT to be used in the development of optimized clinical-scale cell production protocols.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy attenuates MCLR-induced apoptosis in zebrafish testis and mouse TM4 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
It further suggests that ER stress-related autophagy contributes to MCLR-induced apoptosis and injury in the male reproductive system. These findings provide a novel insight into MCLR-induced impairments of the testis.
- | Journal: Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates BPA-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy-related lysosomal pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 14, 2021
Taken together, our results indicate that CoQ10 supplementation is a feasible and effective way to promote the level of autophagy by improving lysosomal function, thereby reducing the apoptosis caused by BPA accumulation. This study aims to provide evidence for the role of CoQ10 in repairing BPA-induced cell damage in clinical practice.
- | Journal: IL-6 regulates autophagy and chemotherapy resistance by promoting BECN1 phosphorylation. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
Furthermore, we investigate BECN1 Y333 phosphorylation as a predictive marker for poor CRC prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. Combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors or pharmacological agents targeting the IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 signaling pathway may represent a potential strategy for CRC cancer therapy.
- | Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
Journal: CASK Silence Overcomes Sorafenib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Activating Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
In molecular level, CASK knockout activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and treatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 or transiently transfected with siRNA targeting JNK significantly attenuated CASK knockout-mediated autophagic cell death. Collectively, all these results together indicated that CASK might be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Propofol Ameliorates ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Damage Through Enhancing Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/m-TOR Pathway: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Atherosclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
However, its inhibitory effects were weakened by 740Y-P. Collectively, this study revealed that Propofol could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced endothelial damage through enhancing autophagy via PI3K/Akt/m-TOR pathway, which might offer a novel therapeutic strategy in AS.
- | Journal: Amino Acids in Autophagy: Regulation and Function. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
In particular, insulin activates mTORC1 via the PI3K class I-AKT pathway; while amino acids activate mTORC1 either through the PI3K class III (hVps34) pathway or through a variety of amino acid sensors located in the cytosol or lysosomal membrane. These amino acid sensors control the translocation of mTORC1 from the cytosol to the lysosomal surface where mTORC1 is activated by Rheb GTPase, therefore regulating autophagy and the lysosomal protein degradation.
- | Journal: Role of L-Arginine in Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Health in Humans. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
NO is a vasodilator, a neurotransmitter, a regulator of nutrient metabolism, and a killer of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses [including coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19). Thus, Arg supplementation can enhance immunity, anti-infectious, and anti-oxidative responses, fertility, wound healing, ammonia detoxification, nutrient digestion and absorption, lean tissue mass, and brown adipose tissue development; ameliorate metabolic syndromes (including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension); and treat individuals with erectile dysfunction, sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophy, and pre-eclampsia.
- [VIRTUAL] The nutrient sensor mTORC1 regulates insulin secretion by modulating beta cell autophagy (Rome Hall) - Jul 13, 2021 - Abstract #EASD2021EASD_432;
In the fasting state, autophagy is regulated in an mTORC1 dependent manner and its stimulation is required to keep insulin levels low, thereby preventing hypoglycemia. When stimulation of autophagy is sustained, it inhibits nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion.
- | Journal: Kappa opioid receptors internalization is protective against oxygen-glucose deprivation through β-arrestin activation and Akt-mediated signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 11, 2021
RB-64 in a low concentration without β-arrestin recruitment did not reduce LDH release and increase cell viability as observed with SA.KOR internalization through β-arrestin activation is a protective mechanism against OGD. The Akt pathway might play a critical role in modulating these protective effects by inhibiting autophagy.
- | Journal: CD4 T Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 and Suppress Viral Replication through Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 11, 2021
Here we developed an approach using nanoengineered CD4 T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (TNP). Not only do TNP effectively neutralize all strains of HIV-1, but they also selectively bind to infected cells and decrease the release of HIV-1 particles through an autophagy-dependent mechanism with no drug-induced off-target or cytotoxic effects on bystander cells.
- | Journal: FXR-mediated inhibition of autophagy contributes to FA-induced TG accumulation and accordingly reduces FA-induced lipotoxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 10, 2021
This discovery may provide new targets for treating pathological changes involved in the dysfunction of autophagy and metabolism, including NAFLD. Video Abstract.
- | Journal: Short-term inhibition of autophagy benefits pancreatic β-cells by augmenting ether lipids and peroxisomal function, and by countering depletion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after fat-feeding. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 10, 2021
The short-term phenotype is linked to improved GSIS, in contrast to the impairment seen with the longer-term inhibition of autophagy. The balance between these positive and negative inputs could help determine whether β-cells adapt or fail in response to obesity.
- | Journal: Hypoxia‑induced circCCDC66 promotes the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via the miR‑3140/autophagy pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 10, 2021
In summary, the findings of the present study demonstrated that circCCDC66 facilitates the development of CRC cells under hypoxic conditions via regulation of miR‑3140/autophagy. These findings may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with CRC.
- | Preclinical, Journal: β-Carotene attenuates LPS-induced rat intestinal inflammation via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 10, 2021
Treatment with β-carotene can be used for the beneficial effect against LPS-induced inflammation damage. This study not only lays the foundation for the related research on the anti-inflammatory properties of β-carotene in vitro and in rat models, but also holds important significance in the field of food.
- | Journal: Distinct mechanisms for processing autophagy protein LC3-PE by RavZ and ATG4B. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 9, 2021
Met 63 and Gln 64 at the active site of RavZ are involved in accommodating LC3 C-terminal motif. Our findings show that the distinct binding modes of LC3 C-terminal motif (116-120) with ATG4 and RavZ may determine the specificity of cleavage site.
- | AiTan (rivoceranib) / HLB Bio Group
Journal: Apatinib induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy and potentiates cell sensitivity to paclitaxel via the IRE-1α-AKT-mTOR pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
Inhibiting autophagy by CQ enhanced apatinib-induced apoptosis. The combination of apatinib and CQ sensitized ESCC cells to paclitaxel to induce apoptosis through the IRE-1α-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, thus providing the basis for its use in innovative anticancer therapeutic strategies.
- | Ibrance (palbociclib) / Pfizer
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Surgery: NCI-2018-01050: Hydroxychloroquine, Palbociclib, and Letrozole Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Estrogen Receptor Positive, HER2 Negative Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jul 8, 2021
P1/2, N=54, Recruiting, Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
The combination of apatinib and CQ sensitized ESCC cells to paclitaxel to induce apoptosis through the IRE-1α-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, thus providing the basis for its use in innovative anticancer therapeutic strategies. Trial completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2023
- | Journal: Stapled peptide inhibitors of autophagy adapter LC3B. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
Based on these data, we used artificial amino acids and diversity-oriented stapling to improve affinity and resistance to biological degradation while maintaining or improving LC3B affinity and selectivity. These peptides represent the highest-affinity LC3B-selective ligands reported to date, and they will be useful tools for further elucidation of LC3B's role in autophagy and in cancer.
- | Journal: MicroRNA‑137 exerts protective effects on hypoxia‑induced cell injury by inhibiting autophagy/mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial function in breast cancer stem‑like cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
Based on these observations, we hypothesized that the survival of BCSCs under hypoxia was mediated by miR‑137 by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrated here that the introduction of exogenous miR‑137 promoted mitochondrial function, indicating that it may be a potential therapeutic target in BCSCs.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: (Pro)renin receptor/ATP6AP2 is required for autophagy and regulates proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
Autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, were used as positive controls...Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that (P)RR-specific siRNA, as well as the autophagy inhibitors, induced p62 and LC3 accumulation in cytoplasmic granules. These results suggest that (P)RR is involved in cell proliferation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma via regulating autophagy.
- | Journal: Mitophagy improves ethanol tolerance in yeast: regulation by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
Further results showed that activator or inhibitor of autophagy also activated or inhibited mitophagy byaltering production of HO and O2. Therefore, ethanol stress induces mitophagy which improves yeast the tolerance to ethanol and the level of mitophagy during ethanol stress is regulated by ROS derived from mtETC.
- || Review, Journal: Anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin: A review of its molecular mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
The impacts of modified mangiferin and the synergic effects with other components were also discussed. Understanding the molecular targets of mangiferin is of great significance for its better application in the amelioration of inflammation-related diseases.
- | Journal: Fumonisin B1 induces nephrotoxicity via autophagy mediated by mTORC1 instead of mTORC2 in human renal tubule epithelial cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2021
But the phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream protein of mTORC2 showed no change with or without MHY1485. Taken together, FB1 induced nephrotoxicity via autophagy mediated by mTORC1 instead of mTORC2 in HK-2 cells.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: mtROS-mediated Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway was involved in Copper-induced autophagy and it attenuates Copper-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 mouse monocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2021
Intriguingly, autophagy promotion with rapamycin could decrease the apoptosis and the inhibition of autophagy with knock down Atg5 could enhance the apoptosis induced by CuSO...Additionally, CuSO induced autophagy through mtROS-dependent Akt/AMPK/mTOR signalling pathwayin RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, autophagy activation might potentially generate a protection mechanism for improving CuSO-induced RAW264.7 cell apoptosis.
- | hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: LRRc17 controls BMSC senescence via mitophagy and inhibits the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2021
In vivo, compared with untransfected aged mouse-derived BMSCs (O-BMSCs), O-BMSCs transfected with sh-LRRc17 showed effective amelioration of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. Collectively, these results indicated that LRRc17 knockdown rejuvenated senescent BMSCs and thus enhanced their therapeutic efficacy in OP by activating autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: The in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of pterostilbene through induction of autophagy in melanocytes and inhibition of UVA-irradiated α-MSH in keratinocytes via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2021
In vivo results also confirmed that Pt-inhibited tyrosinase expression/activity and endogenous pigmentation in the zebrafish model. Therefore, pterostilbene is a potent skin-whitening and antioxidant agent and could be used in skin-whitening formulations as a topical applicant.
- | Journal: Tumor protein D52 is upregulated in oral squamous carcinoma cells under hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible-factor-independent manner and is involved in cell death resistance. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2021
Therefore, pterostilbene is a potent skin-whitening and antioxidant agent and could be used in skin-whitening formulations as a topical applicant. This study showed that the expression of TPD52 increases in OSCC cells under hypoxia in a HIF-independent manner and plays an important role in the proliferation and survival of the cells in concordance with HIF, suggesting that novel cancer therapeutics might be led by TPD52 suppression.
- | Journal: Decreased MEF2A Expression Regulated by Its Enhancer Methylation Inhibits Autophagy and May Play an Important Role in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2021
Methylation microarray analysis showed that the methylation level of the enhancer region of MEF2A in AD was significantly increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that AD related to the increased methylation level of MEF2A enhancer reduces the expression of MEF2A and downregulates the expression of autophagy-related genes which are closely associated with AD pathogenesis, thereby inhibiting autophagy.
- | Journal: Cryptotanshinone Inhibits the Growth of HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2021
In summary, the current study has revealed the anti-cancer effects of CPT in CRC by activating autophagy signaling mediated by ER stress. CPT is a promising drug candidate for CRC treatment.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: GEFT Inhibits Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rhabdomyosarcoma via Activation of the Rac1/Cdc42-mTOR Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2021
Rac1 and Cdc42 could regulate mTOR to inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. Overall, these studies demonstrated that the GEFT-Rac1/Cdc42-mTOR pathway can inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS and provide evidence for innovative treatments.