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- | Journal: Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2019
In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.
- | Journal: Neuroprotective effects of novel nanosystems simultaneously loaded with vinpocetine and piracetam after intranasal administration. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2019
We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement. Results support the hypothesis that the novel microemulsion/vesicular nanocomposite system is a promising neuroprotective modality for intranasal brain targeting which is worthy of exploitation in other brain diseases.
- | Journal: Leptin Regulation of Synaptic Function at Hippocampal TA-CA1 and SC-CA1 Synapses: Implications for Health and Disease. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2019
Furthermore, the TA input is an early target for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aberrant leptin function is linked to AD. Here, we review the evidence that leptin regulates hippocampal synaptic function at both SC- and TA-CA1 synapses and discuss the consequences for neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
- | Journal: Decision-Making Training Reduces the Attentional Blink. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2019
Such malleability of temporal visual attention via response selection training offers tantalizing prospects for future cognitive enhancement endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record
- | Journal: Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2019
In the final section, we consider areas that are emerging and have the potential to provide future insights, including the interface of motivation and cognition, the influence of childhood adversity, metacognition, the role of neuroinflammation, computational modelling, the application of remote digital technology, and novel methods to evaluate brain network organization. The study of cognitive impairment has provided a way to approach, examine and comprehend a wide range of features of schizophrenia, and it may ultimately affect how we define and diagnose this complex disorder.
- | Journal: Cognitive Enhancement Using ICT and Its Ethical Implications. (Pubmed Central) - May 5, 2019
Issues of design and the limitations of digital tools are discussed. In the final section, the ethical implications of using educational ICT tools for cognitive enhancement from a virtue ethics perspective are presented.
- | Journal: No evidence that working memory training alters gray matter structure: A MRI surface -based analysis. (Pubmed Central) - May 5, 2019
Findings of this study, in concert with recently published investigations, support the idea that adaptive n-back working memory training is not an effective method for inducing neuroanatomical change. Further investigation into other forms of training may help advance the field.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Vagus nerve stimulation promotes generalization of conditioned fear extinction and reduces anxiety in rats. (Pubmed Central) - May 2, 2019
Furthermore, non-contingent VNS appears to reduce anxiety. The ability to generalize extinction and reduce anxiety makes VNS a potential candidate for use as an adjunctive strategy to improve the efficacy and tolerability of exposure-based therapies.
- | Journal: Moral attitudes and willingness to enhance and repair cognition with brain stimulation. (Pubmed Central) - May 2, 2019
These findings suggest that the public endorses a generous approach to applying brain stimulation for cognitive gains in others. Further, this study establishes a basis to guide moral psychological studies of cognitive modification and social processes that guide attitudes toward and uses of brain stimulation.
- | Journal: Parametric effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on multitasking performance. (Pubmed Central) - May 2, 2019
Yet, changing the ISI of the stimulation protocol eliminated the previous observed performance improvements. Taken together, these results stress the importance of stimulation protocol for generating positive tACS effects on cognitive function and neural oscillations.
- | methylphenidate tablet / generics, modafinil / generics
Journal: Acute effects of methylphenidate, modafinil and MDMA on negative emotion processing. (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2019
Furthermore, activation in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus in response to fearful faces correlated positively with subjective feelings of fearfulness and depressiveness after modafinil administration. In spite of the cognitive enhancement effects of 600 mg modafinil in healthy people, potential adverse effects on emotion processing should be considered.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Differential Effects of Novel Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors on Interference With Long-Term Social Memory in Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2019
Thus, the data from the present study suggests that the DA re-uptake inhibitors tested protect the consolidation of long-term social memory against interference for defined durations after learning. In addition, the data implies that DA signaling in distinct brain areas including the nucleus accumbens is involved in the consolidation of SRM in laboratory mice.
- | Clinical, Review, Journal: Competence to Consent and Its Relationship With Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2019
Therefore, it is reasonable to assume cognitive enhancement would enlarge the capacity to consent and promote autonomy in medical treatment and research participation in patients with schizophrenia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate this and related issues.
- | Journal, Video: Do enhanced states exist? Boosting cognitive capacities through an action video-game. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2019
Overall, the results suggest that the observed enhancements cannot be simply due to the activity of video-gaming per se, but might rather represent an enhanced cognitive state resulting from specific conditions (heightened arousal in combination with active engagement and optimal challenge), resonant with what has been described in previous phenomenological literature as "flow" (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) or "peak experiences" (Maslov, 1962). The findings provide empirical evidence for the existence of the enhanced cognitive states and suggest possibilities for consciously accessing latent resources of our brain to temporarily boost our cognitive capacities upon demand.
- | galantamine hydrobromide / generics
Review, Journal: Cholinergic Control of Inflammation, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 27, 2019
Recently demonstrated beneficial effects of galantamine, a centrally acting cholinergic drug and cognitive enhancer, in patients with MetS are also summarized. These studies provide a rationale for further therapeutic developments using pharmacological and bioelectronic cholinergic modulation for clinical benefit in obesity-associated disorders.
- | Journal: Cognitive Behavior Classification From Scalp EEG Signals. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
We also find that phase-locking analysis provides the most distinct clustering of tasks based on their utilization of long-term memory. Finally, we show that phase-amplitude coupling is the least sensitive to contamination by intense jaw-clenching muscle artifact.
- | Clinical, Journal: Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus Plantarum C29-Fermented Soybean (DW2009) in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Week, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
The results of this clinical trial suggest that DW2009 can be safely administered to enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Increased serum BDNF levels after administering DW2009 may provide preliminary insight into the underlying effects of cognitive improvement, which suggests the importance of the gut-brain axis in ameliorating cognitive deficits in MCI.
- | Journal: The Combined Extract of Black Sticky Rice and Dill Improves Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome Condition. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 25, 2019
This study suggests that OA is the potential functional ingredient to improve the cognitive enhancer. However, further clinical research is required.
- | Journal: Differential expression of entorhinal cortex and hippocampal subfields α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors enhanced learning and memory of rats following administration of Centella asiatica. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2019
The results suggest that the enhanced learning and memory observed in animals administered with CA was mainly mediated through increased expression of AMPAR GluA1 and GluA2 subunits and differential expression of NMDAR GluN2 A and GluN2B subunits in the hippocampal subfields and EC. With these findings, the study revealed a new aspect of cognitive enhancing effect of CA and its therapeutic potentials through modulating receptor subunit expression.
- | Review, Journal: Alzheimer's disease therapeutic candidate SAK3 is an enhancer of T-type calcium channels. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 18, 2019
We provide a perspective of the potential AD therapies to target CaMKII signaling. In this context, we overview our attempts leading to the development of a T-type Ca channel enhancer as cognitive enhancer, the action of which has been associated with CaMKII and presumably proteasome activity.
- | methylphenidate tablet / generics, modafinil / generics
Review, Journal: Doping for the brain (Pubmed Central) - Apr 17, 2019
Brain doping, however, specifies the use of illegal substances or prescription drugs beyond approval with the purpose of cognitive enhancement. Only amphetamines, methylphenidate and modafinil have significant effects on attentiveness, concentration and alertness, whereas other substances, such as anti-dementia drugs or anti-depressants failed to demonstrate cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
- | donepezil / generics
Preclinical, Journal: Cognitive-Enhancing Effect of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Crinum macowanii against Memory Impairment Induced by Aluminum Chloride in BALB/c Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 17, 2019
...macowanii (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg p.o) was administered daily for five weeks, while donepezil (3 mg/kg p.o) was used as the positive control...macowanii at 40 mg/kg exhibited a significantly higher discrimination index than aluminum chloride-treated mice in the novel object recognition task. The results may support the usefulness of C. macowanii in the management of dementia and related illnesses.
- | Journal: State-trait influences of Vipassana meditation practice on P3 EEG dynamics. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 16, 2019
Post hoc analyses revealed several differences between the novice and teacher groups but not as many between novice and seniors suggesting that the senior meditators formed an intermediate group. Our study demonstrates that both quantity and quality of meditation influence EEG dynamics during cognitive processing and that meditation prior to a task can provide additional state-trait effects involved in meeting the specific cognitive demands.
- | Review, Journal: Meditation induces physical relaxation and enhances cognition: A perplexing paradox. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 16, 2019
Future studies might answer such questions. There is a need for a unified hypothesis that could explain two opposing effects of meditation, namely relaxation and cognition enhancement through meditation.
- | memantine / generics
Journal: Pharmacological characterization of the neurotrophic sesquiterpene jiadifenolide reveals a non-convulsant signature and potential for progression in neurodegenerative disease studies. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2019
Like jiadifenolide, memantine (Namenda), one of the few drugs used in the symptomatic treatment of dementias, occupies a unique site on the NMDA receptor complex that creates low binding affinity that is associated with its reduced side-effect profile. Given the potential therapeutic applications of jiadifenolide and its relatively inert effects on overt behavior, the possibility of clinical utility for jiadifenolide and related compounds becomes intriguing.
- | Review, Journal: Towards Combinatorial Approaches for Preserving Cognitive Fitness in Aging. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2019
We argue that combinations of different approaches are most effective in stimulating long-lasting molecular changes that restore, promote, and preserve cognition through the modulation of cognitively relevant neurotransmitter systems that ultimately converge in driving neurotrophic signaling. Considering recent technological advances, several interventions apart from cognitive enhancing drugs, including noninvasive brain stimulation, physical exercise/vascular interventions, and cognitive training, seem well positioned to possibly prolong optimal brain functioning upon aging.
- | Journal: Will cognitive enhancement create post-persons? The use(lessness) of induction in determining the likelihood of moral status enhancement. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2019
In this article, we argue that Agar's argument fails and, more generally, that inductive reasoning has little bearing on assessing the likelihood of post-personhood in the absence of an account of higher status. We conclude that induction cannot bypass the expressibility problem about post-persons.
- Executive Cognitive Training Vs. Perceptual Cognitive Training for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Treatment Outcomes and Predictors of Response (Orlando Ballroom M) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_641;
Executive functions may be more functionally relevant than other cognitive domains and when addressed in treatment lead to better outcomes. Greater P300 amplitude and theta power may be associated with learning-related processes which are important for acquisition and retention of skills during cognitive training programs.
- Confirmatory Efficacy of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Early Schizophrenia: Results From a Multi-Site Randomized Trial (Orlando Ballroom L) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_548;
Discussion These results support CET as an effective treatment for improving social cognitive and functional outcomes in the early course of schizophrenia, largely confirming the findings from the initial trial (Eack et al., 2009). Such evidence underscores the impact of CET on reducing disability when applied as an early course intervention.
- Effectiveness & Implementation of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy in a Real-World Community Program (Regency S-V) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_456;
It could be that the small sample size restricted our ability to detect cognitive change, and future studies should address this issue. We hope this real-world, observational study will inform clinicians and researchers to improve cognitive rehabilitation program dissemination.
- Cognitive Enhancement Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Patients' Experiences (Regency S-V) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_455;
Our findings also suggest that promoting family support could increase motivation to pursue and complete CET. Further work is needed to help improve patients’ social lives after treatment.
- Executive Cognitive Training vs. Perceptual Cognitive Training for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Treatment Outcomes and Predictors of Response (Regency S-V) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_384;
Executive functions may be more functionally relevant than other cognitive domains and when addressed in treatment lead to better outcomes. Greater P300 amplitude and theta power may be associated with learning-related processes which are important for acquisition and retention of skills during cognitive training programs.
- galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
Targeting Nicotinic and NMDA Receptors Concurrently: Rocket Science, Common Sense or Game Changer? (Regency S-V) - Apr 3, 2019 - Abstract #SIRS2019SIRS_140;
Hence, this combination could be the first antischizophrenia treatment, improving positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms concurrently with KYNA, mismatch negativity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, prepulse inhibition, gamma oscillation, and oxidative stress/antioxidant as biomarkers. Hence, an RCT with this combination is warranted.
- | Journal: Excitatory TMS Modulates Memory Representations. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 27, 2019
We found that 5Hz rTMS, relative to 1Hz, had multiple effects on neural representations: 1) greater representational similarity during both encoding and retrieval in ventral stream regions, 2) greater ERS in the hippocampus, and, critically, 3) increasing ERS in MTL was correlated with increasing univariate activity in DLPFC, and greater functional connectivity for hits than misses between these regions. These results provide the first evidence of rTMS modulating semantic representations and strengthen the idea that rTMS may affect the reinstatement of previously experienced events in upstream regions.
- | Review, Journal: Neuroprotective and Neurological/Cognitive Enhancement Effects of Curcumin after Brain Ischemia Injury with Alzheimer's Disease Phenotype. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 27, 2019
In addition, curcumin also exerts anti-amyloidogenic effects and affects the brain's tau protein. These results suggest that curcumin may be able to serve as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative brain disorders.
- | Clinical, Journal: The CIRCuiTS study (Implementation of cognitive remediation in early intervention services): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 25, 2019
However, the best mode of implementation, in terms of efficacy, service user and team preference, and cost-effectiveness is still unclear. The CIRCuiTS trial will provide guidance for a large-scale roll-out of CRT to mental health services where cognitive difficulties impact recovery and resilience.
- | Review, Journal: A Review of Acute Aerobic Exercise and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognitive Functions and Their Potential Synergies. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2019
A combination could be useful within non-clinical settings in health and for treating several psychiatric and neurologic conditions. However, there is a lack of research and there are several possibly interacting moderating parameters that must be considered and more importantly must be systematically investigated in the future.