- |||||||||| MitoQ (mitoquinone) / Antipodean, nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anticancer Effect of the Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Quinolone Antibiotics Targeting Mitochondrial DNA Replication. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2025
NX-TPP inhibited tumor growth in HT-29 and MIAPaCa-2 xenograft mouse models without any apparent adverse effects. These results suggest that mtDNA replication-targeting quinolone derivatives, termed MitoQNs, that exhibit reduced antibacterial activity, thereby decreasing antibiotic resistance induction, and enhanced anticancer efficacy, are candidate drugs for cancer therapy.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Asiatic acid, a novel ciprofloxacin adjuvant inhibits Shigella flexneri infection. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 30, 2025
The results showed that this combination can target the bacterial membrane, efflux pump proteins and biofilm formation, thereby preventing resistance development. The combination treatment offers a proof of concept in targeting essential bacterial activities and might be developed into a novel and efficient treatment alternative against S. flexneri.
- |||||||||| Journal: Association of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in an Interface Model of Swine Colonization and Human Diarrhea in Mexico. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 27, 2025
A lower frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin was demonstrated in both swine (23.4%) and humans (15.3%), and minimal resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime (2.54%), and cefotaxime (2.44%) was observed in swine; however, resistance to these cephalosporins is much higher at 14.6% and 11.53% in humans...These results suggest that swine could act as a reservoir in human infection and that antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to humans from swine. Although we did not find clonal dissemination between the human and swine strains, the spread of similar multi-resistance profiles was observed, thus suggesting that multidrug resistance has been widely selected in this closed environment and may pose a public health risk.
- |||||||||| Journal: Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Risk Burden of Vibrio mimicus Isolates from Seafood and Aquatic Environments. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 27, 2025
Overall, Vm exhibited diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns across sources with high resistance concerns and high rates against penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and sometimes polymyxins. Thus, it is recommended that stricter regulations on antibiotic use in aquaculture are enforced; wastewater treatment is improved, one-health surveillance is implemented; and education of stakeholders about resistance risks, use of alternatives, and proper cooking of seafood to mitigate Vm-resistant impact is promoted.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Comparative Genomics of Lactococcus spp. From Global Aquaculture Outbreaks Reveals Virulence Determinants, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phage Defence Mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2025
Phenotypic susceptibility testing against eight antimicrobial agents showed uniform resistance to nalidixic acid (15/15 isolates), alongside resistance to trimethoprim (12/15), sulfamethoxazole (11/15), and ciprofloxacin and oxacillin (7/15 each)...This information is important when considering the potential development of phage therapy to control piscine disease. Together, these findings advance understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance dynamics of Lactococcus species in aquaculture and underscore the need for sustainable strategies to mitigate lactococcosis outbreaks.
- |||||||||| Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Antimicrobial Resistance of Environmental V. cholerae Non-O1/O139 Isolates: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 12, 2025
Together, these findings advance understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance dynamics of Lactococcus species in aquaculture and underscore the need for sustainable strategies to mitigate lactococcosis outbreaks. The meta-analysis showed significant variability in antibiotic resistance patterns among environmental NOVC isolates across time and regions, emphasizing the need for targeted, time-specific, and country-specific approaches to address antibiotic resistance globally.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., cefotaxime / Generic mfg.
Journal: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds in Japan. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 3, 2025
Genetic analysis indicated that amino acid substitution of quinolone-resistance-determining-regions and qnrS were responsible for NAL resistance, and CTX-Ms (blaCTX-M-14 in three isolates, and blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 in each) and AmpC ?-lactamase (blaMOX-4 and blaCMY-2 in each) were responsible for CTX resistance. Despite the presence of certain resistant strains, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli remains low in wild birds, suggesting limited environmental exposure to antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Commercial Bacteriophage Cocktail Treatment Reduces Salmonella Infantis Levels in Pre-Harvest Agricultural Water. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2025
Cumulative exposure-response analyses further showed elevated risks at higher humidity (>26?g/m A test agricultural water (TAW) medium prepared at different pH (6.5 and 8.4) and turbidity levels (4, 20, 50, and 100 NTU) was inoculated with a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. Infantis (?6 log CFU/mL), in triplicate trials, and treated with a bacteriophage cocktail (SalmoFresh
- |||||||||| An updated global systematic review on Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial resistance (Convention Center - Room 602 (Level 600); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_2853;
We classified isolates resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and isolates that were MDR and resistant to a fluoroquinolone and a third-generation cephalosporin as extensively drug-resistant (XDR)...Among new reports 6,279 (32.0%) of 19,615 were MDR, 4,550 (62.7%) of 7,256 were resistant to nalidixic acid, 7,279 (44.6%) of 16,319 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2,891 (15.9%) of 18,181 were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, and 1,384 (11.5%) of 12,056 were resistant to azithromycin...Our data affirms the need for continued AMR surveillance and control efforts considering the expansion of MDR in Africa, and XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan. Our updated evidence provides inputs to urgently guide decisions on non-vaccine prevention, empiric treatment, and TCV implementation.
- |||||||||| Inappropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistant of Shigella among children aged 6-35 months in The Gambia: Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study (Convention Center - Hall E (Level 800) (Poster Hall); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_2378;
Antibiotics were considered inappropriate when the WHO indicated antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone or pivmecillinam) was not used or prescribed for dysenteric diarrhea or diarrhea with Shigella isolation by culture...Of Shigella isolates, 97.3% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 32.4% to ampicillin, 13.5% to nalidixic acid, 8.6% to pivmecillinam, 6.3% to azithromycin, 1.8% to ciprofloxacin, and 12.3% were multi-drug resistant...Improved point of care diagnostics facilities, increased awareness and implementation of preventive strategies, including Shigella vaccines, are essential to reduce Shigella spp. burden and AMR in The Gambia and elsewhere.
- |||||||||| Shigella in Bangladesh AMR trends and vaccine solutions (Convention Center - Hall E (Level 800) (Poster Hall); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_754;
Evidence generated from EFGH and nationwide surveillance is crucial for Shigella vaccine trials, helping policymakers understand the importance and encourage vaccine availability in high-burden areas. Data on incidence, strain distribution and AMR pattern will help in the use and the design of effective vaccines for prevention of Shigella species and serotypes, prioritizing vaccine development, resource allocation and reducing the incidence of Shigella-related diarrhea and improving child health outcomes.
- |||||||||| Journal: Phenotypic and molecular phylogeny of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from respiratory-diseased pet cats in Iraq. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 10, 2025
In contrast, the more significant resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were detected to clarithromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid, whereas, significant semi-sensitivity was shown to tylosin...This study indicates the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in respiratory-diseased cats with significant appearance of antibiotic resistance in study isolates. Sequencing data referred to the close related association of study isolates to human K. pneumoniae isolates, suggesting the increased prevalence of nosocomial infections in veterinary medicine.
- |||||||||| Journal: Molecular detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from avian and human sources in northeastern Algeria. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 9, 2025
Low resistance levels were detected for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin, at 26%, 20%, and 6.6%, respectively.These findings along with the widespread presence of virulence genes (spvA, spiC, spvC, and pefA) in both human and poultry isolates, underscore the potential for cross-species transmission and the urgent need for enhanced surveillance. The regional findings from Annaba and Constantine emphasize the importance of stricter antibiotic use policies in poultry farming.
- |||||||||| ampicillin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-forming ability in Staphylococcus aureus causing clinical bovine mastitis in Chitwan, Nepal. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 29, 2025
4 classes) (p < 0.05), as well as between strong biofilm formation and presumptive MRSA status (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the co-existence of high-level resistance and strong virulence phenotypes in S. aureus from bovine mastitis in Nepal, underscoring the urgent need for robust antimicrobial stewardship, enhanced surveillance, and the development of strategies to mitigate biofilm-associated treatment failures.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Wild birds as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli: a systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 24, 2025
To address this, we advocate using standardized sampling methods, longitudinal studies incorporating satellite tracking, and whole-genome sequencing to better elucidate the role of wild birds in the global dissemination of AMR. Additionally, we emphasize the need to strengthen AMR surveillance in wild birds improve data reporting, and implement robust environmental management strategies within the One Health context to mitigate AMR transmission by wild birds.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas dhakensis Isolated from the Brazilian Food Chain. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 28, 2025
Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 86% of the strains (87.1% in A. hydrophila and 82.4% in A. dhakensis), with higher rates of resistance to Nalidixic acid (69.3%), Imipenem (31.1%), and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.5%). The occurrence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis from different sources indicates their diversity and pathogenicity, reinforcing that they can be a potential health risk source.
- |||||||||| Journal: Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Species from Broiler Chicken Litter. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 28, 2025
One isolate collected in 2015 has resistance pattern ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid/tetracycline...The cmeB gene was detected in all species isolates with resistance to azithromycin/clindamycin/erythromycin/telithromycin, and from two isolates with tetracycline resistance...A variety of multi-drug resistance patterns were observed through conjugation experiments. These data suggest that poultry production may serve as a potential reservoir for and source of transmission of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter jejuni and supports the need for continued surveillance.
- |||||||||| ampicillin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and abattoir workers at Gondar Elfora abattoir, Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 26, 2025
These data suggest that poultry production may serve as a potential reservoir for and source of transmission of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter jejuni and supports the need for continued surveillance. The study highlights the high prevalence of Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, a significant public health concern, emphasizing the need for effective surveillance, control measures, biosecurity, Mandatory abattoir worker training, and Antimicrobial stewardship in livestock.
- |||||||||| Journal: Emergence of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 clone carrying blaCTX-M genes in Guilan Province, Northern Iran. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 19, 2025
In the case of non-beta-lactam antibiotics, both groups showed significant resistance (approximately 91%) to nalidixic acid, while displaying the highest susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (up to 83%)...The clones differed significantly in resistance, susceptibility, and relative susceptibility, only in antibiotic resistance in the case of nitrofurantoin (P < 0.001). Combining resistance genes in the ST131 clone can facilitate its rapid and successful global spread.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in diabetic patients. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2025
These findings suggest a possible association between DM and the chance of recovering an isolate resistant to nitrofurantoin. Stratifying patients by risk factors like DM could improve empiric therapy outcomes and contribute to reducing AMR.
- |||||||||| Journal: Unveiling the Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Population From 2016 to 2020 in Thai Canal Water. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2025
Most of the ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime-resistant strains (66.7%) harboured blaCTX-M-55...Phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella STs 34 and 213 from canal water and the strains from databases showed the possibility of circulation of STs 34 and 213 between canal water and humans in Thailand and worldwide. These findings shed light on the circulation of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the environmental water and advocate for incorporating environmental sampling into comprehensive AMR surveillance programmes within a One Health framework.
- |||||||||| Journal: Genomic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources during the 2022-2023 cholera outbreak in Kenya. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 22, 2025
In contrast, environmental isolates lacked ctxB gene but harbored toxR, als, and hlyA, showing variable antibiotic resistance (59% to ampicillin, 41% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 47% to nalidixic acid)...While the role of environmental reservoirs as a source of human infection remains unclear in our study, environmental isolates possess virulent and antimicrobial resistance genes that may spread via horizontal gene transfer. This highlights the need for continuous genomic surveillance to monitor V. cholerae evolution, track transmission patterns, and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Speciation and Thermodynamic Study of Arsenic(III)-Pharmaceutical Complexes in Aqueous Solutions. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 21, 2025
This highlights the need for continuous genomic surveillance to monitor V. cholerae evolution, track transmission patterns, and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Findings reported in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexes formed by As-(III) with pharmaceuticals and pave the way toward the development of improved technologies for the water treatment and remediation of AMCs.
- |||||||||| Journal: Prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from the poultry industry in Shanghai, China. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 15, 2025
The results indicated a detection rate of E. coli at 15.67%, with the isolates exhibiting high resistance to the tested antibiotics, particularly ampicillin (AMP),nalidixic acid (NAL), chloramphenicol (CHL), and tetracycline (TET)...Among these isolates, 20.45% were ESBL-producing E. coli, which exhibited higher resistance to first- through fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefazolin (CFZ),cefuroxime (CXM), and cefotaxime (CTX)...The findings from this study reveal that ARGs are widely distributed among ESBL-producing E. coli strains. STs with the same serotypes and FumC-FimH (CH) types showed high genetic relatedness in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent further transmission.
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