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  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas dhakensis Isolated from the Brazilian Food Chain. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 28, 2025   
    Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 86% of the strains (87.1% in A. hydrophila and 82.4% in A. dhakensis), with higher rates of resistance to Nalidixic acid (69.3%), Imipenem (31.1%), and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.5%). The occurrence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis from different sources indicates their diversity and pathogenicity, reinforcing that they can be a potential health risk source.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Species from Broiler Chicken Litter. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 28, 2025   
    One isolate collected in 2015 has resistance pattern ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid/tetracycline...The cmeB gene was detected in all species isolates with resistance to azithromycin/clindamycin/erythromycin/telithromycin, and from two isolates with tetracycline resistance...A variety of multi-drug resistance patterns were observed through conjugation experiments. These data suggest that poultry production may serve as a potential reservoir for and source of transmission of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter jejuni and supports the need for continued surveillance.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Emergence of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 clone carrying blaCTX-M genes in Guilan Province, Northern Iran. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 19, 2025   
    In the case of non-beta-lactam antibiotics, both groups showed significant resistance (approximately 91%) to nalidixic acid, while displaying the highest susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (up to 83%)...The clones differed significantly in resistance, susceptibility, and relative susceptibility, only in antibiotic resistance in the case of nitrofurantoin (P < 0.001). Combining resistance genes in the ST131 clone can facilitate its rapid and successful global spread.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in diabetic patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 9, 2025   
    These findings suggest a possible association between DM and the chance of recovering an isolate resistant to nitrofurantoin. Stratifying patients by risk factors like DM could improve empiric therapy outcomes and contribute to reducing AMR.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Unveiling the Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Population From 2016 to 2020 in Thai Canal Water. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 1, 2025   
    Most of the ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime-resistant strains (66.7%) harboured blaCTX-M-55...Phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella STs 34 and 213 from canal water and the strains from databases showed the possibility of circulation of STs 34 and 213 between canal water and humans in Thailand and worldwide. These findings shed light on the circulation of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the environmental water and advocate for incorporating environmental sampling into comprehensive AMR surveillance programmes within a One Health framework.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Genomic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources during the 2022-2023 cholera outbreak in Kenya. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 22, 2025   
    In contrast, environmental isolates lacked ctxB gene but harbored toxR, als, and hlyA, showing variable antibiotic resistance (59% to ampicillin, 41% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 47% to nalidixic acid)...While the role of environmental reservoirs as a source of human infection remains unclear in our study, environmental isolates possess virulent and antimicrobial resistance genes that may spread via horizontal gene transfer. This highlights the need for continuous genomic surveillance to monitor V. cholerae evolution, track transmission patterns, and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Speciation and Thermodynamic Study of Arsenic(III)-Pharmaceutical Complexes in Aqueous Solutions. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 21, 2025   
    This highlights the need for continuous genomic surveillance to monitor V. cholerae evolution, track transmission patterns, and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Findings reported in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexes formed by As-(III) with pharmaceuticals and pave the way toward the development of improved technologies for the water treatment and remediation of AMCs.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from the poultry industry in Shanghai, China. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 15, 2025   
    The results indicated a detection rate of E. coli at 15.67%, with the isolates exhibiting high resistance to the tested antibiotics, particularly ampicillin (AMP),nalidixic acid (NAL), chloramphenicol (CHL), and tetracycline (TET)...Among these isolates, 20.45% were ESBL-producing E. coli, which exhibited higher resistance to first- through fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefazolin (CFZ),cefuroxime (CXM), and cefotaxime (CTX)...The findings from this study reveal that ARGs are widely distributed among ESBL-producing E. coli strains. STs with the same serotypes and FumC-FimH (CH) types showed high genetic relatedness in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent further transmission.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., azithromycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from 2022 cholera outbreak in Kenya. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 14, 2025   
    However, the emergence of fosfomycin resistance, albeit minimal, highlights the need for continuous surveillance and rational use of antibiotics to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. The high prevalence of multidrug resistance in cholera isolates emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance to monitor the evolution of MDR V. cholerae O1 strains and calls for consideration of deployment of alternative management and prevention options including oral cholera vaccines and long-term improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and practice.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Characteristics of Salmonella spp. from Chickens That Died Within One Week of Age in Commercial Farms of Integrated Broiler Operations in South Korea. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 11, 2025   
    The prevalence of resistance to nalidixic acid (97.7%-100%) was significantly higher than that of resistance to other antimicrobials (0.0%-44.4%) in all five operations (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of multidrug resistance showed significant differences among the five integrated operations (P < 0.05)...Most of the 20 virulence genes tested were detected in more than 93.5% of S. Enteritidis isolates, but the cbtB and pefA genes were only detected in 2 isolates (3.2%) and 1 isolate (1.6%), respectively. This study indicates that various Salmonella spp., including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, are persistent in commercial broiler farms via vertical or horizontal transmission.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Transmissible antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from household drinking water in Ibadan, Nigeria. (Pubmed Central) -  May 23, 2025   
    Through solid plate mating, beta-lactam-resistant qnrS1-tet-dfrA14-positive strains bearing IncFI-, IncHI2, and IncHI2A successfully transferred ampicillin resistance to a nalidixic acid-resistant derivative of E. coli-C600. This research highlights the urgent need to safeguard household water sources against fecal contamination to curb the dissemination of ARGs among bacterial populations in this environment.
  • ||||||||||  ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Nalidixic acid-a good marker of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2025   
    When plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants are present, they are a potential risk for treatment failures due to accumulation of resistance mechanisms during the antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, when it is clinically relevant, fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in E. coli should be monitored more closely, and we also recommend testing nalidixic acid susceptibility.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in an Acute Watery Diarrhea Outbreak in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2025   
    Molecular techniques provided crucial insights into outbreak tracking and genetic relatedness, while AST profiling highlighted the urgent need for revised treatment guidelines. Strengthening water sanitation, continuous antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and targeted public health interventions are essential for preventing future outbreaks.
  • ||||||||||  Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired enteric pathogens among children aged???10-years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2025   
    The pooled estimates of E. coli AMR for clinically important antibiotics were as follows: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) 71% [95%CI: 57-82%]; ampicillin (AMP) 56% [95%CI: 44-67%]; ciprofloxacin (CIP) 10% [95%CI: 5-20%]; and ceftriaxone (CRO) 8% [95%CI: 2-31%]...were AMP 76% [95%CI: 60-87%]; nalidixic acid (NA) 9% [95%CI: 2-31%]; CIP 3% [95%CI: 0-15%]; and CRO 2% [95%CI: 0-19%]...AMR were erythromycin (ERY) 33% [95%CI: 12-64%] and CIP 27% [95%CI: 8-61%]...The limitations of our findings include high regional variability, significant interstudy heterogeneity, and underrepresentation of certain LMICs. https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-2-0051/, registration number: INPLASY202420051.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., cloxacillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Membrane-Active Peptides Derived from Natural Transmembrane Domains Function as Antibiotic Potentiators. (Pubmed Central) -  May 12, 2025   
    The molecular basis for peptide-based permeabilization of the bacterial outer and inner membranes that contributes to the observed antibiotic potentiation was studied through several in vitro liposome-based assays and in vivo fluorescence-based assays. The overall results suggest that membrane proteins harbor a wealth of peptide sequences that may function as effective membrane-active peptides for the targeting of difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacterial infections, and as such, provide valuable guidelines for the design of membrane-active peptides with synergistic antibacterial and antibiotic potentiation activity.