- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Preserving fermented-foods microbial diversity through systematic culturomics for the discovery of multi-strain probiotic candidates. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 18, 2026
Specifically, 56 distinct enrichment culture conditions were established using six liquid media (In-situ, MRS, NB, TSB, BHI, BB) across varied redox states (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic), incubation periods (12?h, 66?h), and selective suppressants (CHIR-090, nalidixic acid)...Systematic-culturomic isolation later yielded over 90 strains, including Weissella, Bacillus, and Lactococcus, significantly expanding beyond standard lactobacilli-centric portfolios. Overall, this study confirms that ecology-aware culturomics captures the functional diversity of the Kimchi microbiome, providing a scalable model for realizing the full therapeutic potential of FFs.
- |||||||||| Journal: Prevalence and risk factors associated to multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria isolated from dromedary camel milk in Tunisia. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 18, 2026
Staphylococcus species showed the highest resistance to chloramphenicol (50% of samples), followed by clindamycin (42.6% of samples), neomycin and nalidixic acid (40.7% each)...However, resistances to sulphonamide-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tylosin and rifampicin were rarely detected...All tested MDR bacteria exhibited significant combinations of resistance genes, including aph3-IIIa and ant6-Ia for aminoglycosides, cat(pC221) for chloramphenicol, ermA for erythromycin and clindamycin, tetK for tetracycline and drfA for trimethoprim-sulphonamide. Further, comprehensive studies are needed to understand MDR bacteria emergence within camel milk.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Screening of exogenous nutrients for pathogenic bacteria and development of highly active bactericides. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2026
Leveraging these findings, four novel antimicrobial compounds (NC, NA, MA, and MN) were synthesized by conjugating membrane-resistant nalidixic acid or magnolol with the respective nutrients...This approach offers a practical way to revitalize existing antibiotics and design new ones, potentially slowing the spread of resistance. Importantly, it highlights how understanding bacterial metabolism can lead to smarter drug design, addressing a critical need in global health.
- |||||||||| ampicillin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., cefotaxime / Generic mfg.
Journal: Hidden carriers: multidrug-resistant bacteria in hedgehogs from a wildlife rescue centre. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2026
coli isolates were obtained on MacConkey agar (MCA) and MCA with cefotaxime and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS...More than half of the isolates (37/69; 54%) were multidrug-resistant, with resistance most frequently observed to ampicillin and nalidixic acid...The presence of sequence types and resistance genes commonly associated with human and veterinary infections further supports the relevance of rehabilitated wildlife to the broader epidemiology of AMR. Enhancing biosafety practices and antimicrobial stewardship in wildlife rescue operations is therefore essential to mitigate zoonotic risks within a One Health framework.
- |||||||||| ampicillin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Recent Occurrence and Rapid Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Korea. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2026
To mitigate the risks associated with the rapid spread of MDR Salmonella Infantis in poultry production and its potential impact on human health, this study provides valuable insights into implementing effective control measures to reduce Salmonella in broiler production in Korea. Further highlighting the critical importance of enhanced biosecurity and continuous surveillance.
- |||||||||| Journal: Analysis of Multi-Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in U.S. Foodborne Pathogens (2015-2025) Using Data from the NCBI Pathogen Isolates Browser. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2026
Gene analyses revealed a progressive, modular accumulation of resistance determinants, led by efflux pumps (mdsA, mdsB), tetracycline genes (tetA/B/O), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide genes (sul1/sul2), quinolone resistance determinants (gyrA, acrF, mdtM), and ?-lactamases (blaEC, blaOXA, blaCTX). Together, these results demonstrate that multidrug resistance in U.S. foodborne pathogens evolves through coordinated gene-drug-pathogen interactions rather than isolated events, underscoring the need for integrated surveillance and targeted stewardship strategies focused on the dominant antimicrobials and high-risk foodborne pathogens.
- |||||||||| Journal: High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Haemolytic Escherichia coli in Colombian Pig Farms. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2026
These findings reveal a concerning burden of MDR E. coli in Colombia's pig-producing regions and indicate that haemolysis alone is a poor indicator of ETEC. Integrating farm-level antimicrobial use data with genomic analyses will be essential to identify drivers of AMR and guide effective stewardship in the Colombian pig industry.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Role of microplastics in the survival and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 21, 2026
The findings indicate that MPs can facilitate the persistence of C. jejuni in the environment while simultaneously increasing their susceptibility to antibiotics. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to validate these preliminary observations in order to support the development of effective policies addressing MP pollution and food safety.
- |||||||||| norfloxacin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., Gatiflox (gatifloxacin) / Orient Europharma
FDA event, Journal: Machine learning-guided repurposing of FDA-approved quinolones as dual cholinesterase inhibitors: A multi-level docking, molecular dynamics, DFT, and SHAP-based analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2026
Finally, systems-level enrichment (STRING, GeneCards) provided a qualitative network context linking ACHE and BCHE to neurodegeneration. Together, these data position Norfloxacin and Sparfloxacin as computationally prioritised candidates whose ChE-related repurposing potential warrants further validation in dedicated cellular and in vivo models.
- |||||||||| ampicillin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Freeze-Dried Bacterial Cellulose-Based Point-of-Care Device for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST). (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2026
An unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm is employed to segment colorimetric outputs and quantify viability-driven changes in the assay. This study presents freeze-dried bacterial cellulose devices that provide a clear visual distinction between susceptibility and resistance within a single bacterial doubling time.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., colistin sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women: which culture-based detection method is best? (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2026
Each study arm had a specificity of 100%, while the sensitivity varied between 81% (CNA agar alone, study arm i) and 98% (Todd-Hewitt broth for enrichment followed by subculture on chromogenic agar, study arm vi).Conclusion. Enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth followed by subculture on chromogenic agar had the highest sensitivity (98%, specificity: 100%) for the detection of S. agalactiae in pregnant women.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Characterization and vaccine-induced immunogenicity of a re-emerging Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y in Tianjin, China. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2026
Compared with MPSV4, MCV4 generated stronger bactericidal antibody responses and provided superior protective immunity against serogroup Y in a mouse model, which lays the groundwork for further development of meningococcal vaccines. Moving forward, studies should incorporate a broader range of bacterial strains, larger sample sizes, and ultimately human clinical trials to confirm and extend these findings.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Foods, Animals and Humans in Iran Through One Health Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 30, 2025
Regarding Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolates, resistance to erythromycin (0.18-0.09), and gentamycin (0.08-0.04) was higher in C. coli than C. jejuni isolates, respectively, whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.56) and tetracycline (0.56) was higher in C. jejuni...were tetO (0.73) and cmeB (0.48) and blaOXA61 (0.42). Therefore, the use of strict control systems and a restriction on the use of antibiotics in human, agricultural and animal farming are urgently required to reduce the development and spread of AMR.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Gut Resistome and Hearing Loss in Young Adults: A Preliminary Study on the Interplay Between Microbial Resistance and Auditory Health. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 30, 2025
qPCR analyses demonstrated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance was significantly higher in individuals with HL and in those exhibiting greater resistance to amoxicillin. These findings provide preliminary evidence connecting the gut resistome with auditory function, supporting the emerging concept of a gut-ear-brain axis and underscoring the need for further research into microbiome-related mechanisms underlying HL.
- |||||||||| Observational data, Journal: Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant E. coli Isolated from (Pubmed Central) - Dec 22, 2025
Resistance to ampicillin (47.1%), ceftriaxone (27.0%), aztreonam (25.2%), tetracycline (20.0%), enrofloxacin (19.6%), and nalidixic acid (18.8%) was quite frequent, however, majority of the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97%), chloramphenicol (97.5%) and imipenem (>?98%)...Likewise, the isolates from old alluvial zone were significantly and more frequently associated with ESBL production (OR: 2.04 (95% CI 1.04, 4.02), p?<?0.001), ceftazidime (OR: 2.06 (95% CI 1.06, 4.04), p?<?0.001) and quinolone [NAL: (OR: 2.42 (95% CI 1.23, 4.73), p?<?0.01); ENR: (OR: 3.72 (95% CI 1.30, 6.72), p?<?0.001)] resistance...Our findings highlight that there might be other factors contributing to AMR, in addition to the usage of antibiotics, in a particular sector. Therefore, a comprehensive approach through enhanced biosecurity and identification of loopholes that permit resistant elements to expand is needed, to tackle AMR in poultry sector.
- |||||||||| MitoQ (mitoquinone) / Antipodean, nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anticancer Effect of the Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Quinolone Antibiotics Targeting Mitochondrial DNA Replication. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2025
NX-TPP inhibited tumor growth in HT-29 and MIAPaCa-2 xenograft mouse models without any apparent adverse effects. These results suggest that mtDNA replication-targeting quinolone derivatives, termed MitoQNs, that exhibit reduced antibacterial activity, thereby decreasing antibiotic resistance induction, and enhanced anticancer efficacy, are candidate drugs for cancer therapy.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Asiatic acid, a novel ciprofloxacin adjuvant inhibits Shigella flexneri infection. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 30, 2025
The results showed that this combination can target the bacterial membrane, efflux pump proteins and biofilm formation, thereby preventing resistance development. The combination treatment offers a proof of concept in targeting essential bacterial activities and might be developed into a novel and efficient treatment alternative against S. flexneri.
- |||||||||| Journal: Association of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in an Interface Model of Swine Colonization and Human Diarrhea in Mexico. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 27, 2025
A lower frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin was demonstrated in both swine (23.4%) and humans (15.3%), and minimal resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime (2.54%), and cefotaxime (2.44%) was observed in swine; however, resistance to these cephalosporins is much higher at 14.6% and 11.53% in humans...These results suggest that swine could act as a reservoir in human infection and that antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to humans from swine. Although we did not find clonal dissemination between the human and swine strains, the spread of similar multi-resistance profiles was observed, thus suggesting that multidrug resistance has been widely selected in this closed environment and may pose a public health risk.
- |||||||||| Journal: Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Risk Burden of Vibrio mimicus Isolates from Seafood and Aquatic Environments. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 27, 2025
Overall, Vm exhibited diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns across sources with high resistance concerns and high rates against penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and sometimes polymyxins. Thus, it is recommended that stricter regulations on antibiotic use in aquaculture are enforced; wastewater treatment is improved, one-health surveillance is implemented; and education of stakeholders about resistance risks, use of alternatives, and proper cooking of seafood to mitigate Vm-resistant impact is promoted.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Comparative Genomics of Lactococcus spp. From Global Aquaculture Outbreaks Reveals Virulence Determinants, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phage Defence Mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2025
Phenotypic susceptibility testing against eight antimicrobial agents showed uniform resistance to nalidixic acid (15/15 isolates), alongside resistance to trimethoprim (12/15), sulfamethoxazole (11/15), and ciprofloxacin and oxacillin (7/15 each)...This information is important when considering the potential development of phage therapy to control piscine disease. Together, these findings advance understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance dynamics of Lactococcus species in aquaculture and underscore the need for sustainable strategies to mitigate lactococcosis outbreaks.
- |||||||||| Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Antimicrobial Resistance of Environmental V. cholerae Non-O1/O139 Isolates: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 12, 2025
Together, these findings advance understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance dynamics of Lactococcus species in aquaculture and underscore the need for sustainable strategies to mitigate lactococcosis outbreaks. The meta-analysis showed significant variability in antibiotic resistance patterns among environmental NOVC isolates across time and regions, emphasizing the need for targeted, time-specific, and country-specific approaches to address antibiotic resistance globally.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., cefotaxime / Generic mfg.
Journal: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds in Japan. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 3, 2025
Genetic analysis indicated that amino acid substitution of quinolone-resistance-determining-regions and qnrS were responsible for NAL resistance, and CTX-Ms (blaCTX-M-14 in three isolates, and blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 in each) and AmpC ?-lactamase (blaMOX-4 and blaCMY-2 in each) were responsible for CTX resistance. Despite the presence of certain resistant strains, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli remains low in wild birds, suggesting limited environmental exposure to antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
Journal: Commercial Bacteriophage Cocktail Treatment Reduces Salmonella Infantis Levels in Pre-Harvest Agricultural Water. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2025
Cumulative exposure-response analyses further showed elevated risks at higher humidity (>26?g/m A test agricultural water (TAW) medium prepared at different pH (6.5 and 8.4) and turbidity levels (4, 20, 50, and 100 NTU) was inoculated with a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. Infantis (?6 log CFU/mL), in triplicate trials, and treated with a bacteriophage cocktail (SalmoFresh
- |||||||||| An updated global systematic review on Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial resistance (Convention Center - Room 602 (Level 600); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_2853;
We classified isolates resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and isolates that were MDR and resistant to a fluoroquinolone and a third-generation cephalosporin as extensively drug-resistant (XDR)...Among new reports 6,279 (32.0%) of 19,615 were MDR, 4,550 (62.7%) of 7,256 were resistant to nalidixic acid, 7,279 (44.6%) of 16,319 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2,891 (15.9%) of 18,181 were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, and 1,384 (11.5%) of 12,056 were resistant to azithromycin...Our data affirms the need for continued AMR surveillance and control efforts considering the expansion of MDR in Africa, and XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan. Our updated evidence provides inputs to urgently guide decisions on non-vaccine prevention, empiric treatment, and TCV implementation.
- |||||||||| Inappropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistant of Shigella among children aged 6-35 months in The Gambia: Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study (Convention Center - Hall E (Level 800) (Poster Hall); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_2378;
Antibiotics were considered inappropriate when the WHO indicated antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone or pivmecillinam) was not used or prescribed for dysenteric diarrhea or diarrhea with Shigella isolation by culture...Of Shigella isolates, 97.3% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 32.4% to ampicillin, 13.5% to nalidixic acid, 8.6% to pivmecillinam, 6.3% to azithromycin, 1.8% to ciprofloxacin, and 12.3% were multi-drug resistant...Improved point of care diagnostics facilities, increased awareness and implementation of preventive strategies, including Shigella vaccines, are essential to reduce Shigella spp. burden and AMR in The Gambia and elsewhere.
- |||||||||| Shigella in Bangladesh AMR trends and vaccine solutions (Convention Center - Hall E (Level 800) (Poster Hall); In-Person-Only) - Oct 10, 2025 - Abstract #ASTMH2025ASTMH_754;
Evidence generated from EFGH and nationwide surveillance is crucial for Shigella vaccine trials, helping policymakers understand the importance and encourage vaccine availability in high-burden areas. Data on incidence, strain distribution and AMR pattern will help in the use and the design of effective vaccines for prevention of Shigella species and serotypes, prioritizing vaccine development, resource allocation and reducing the incidence of Shigella-related diarrhea and improving child health outcomes.
- |||||||||| Journal: Phenotypic and molecular phylogeny of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from respiratory-diseased pet cats in Iraq. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 10, 2025
In contrast, the more significant resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were detected to clarithromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid, whereas, significant semi-sensitivity was shown to tylosin...This study indicates the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in respiratory-diseased cats with significant appearance of antibiotic resistance in study isolates. Sequencing data referred to the close related association of study isolates to human K. pneumoniae isolates, suggesting the increased prevalence of nosocomial infections in veterinary medicine.
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