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114 Diseases |  |
361 Trials |
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361 Trials |  |
7200 News |  |
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- | metformin / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Adropin ameliorates reproductive dysfunctions in letrozole-induced PCOS mouse. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 14, 2025
Notably, adropin shows more efficacy than metformin in treating reproductive abnormalities in PCOS mice, as evidenced by early regularization of cyclicity and enhanced ovarian expression of 3?-HSD and aromatase proteins. Thus, adropin may be an alternative therapeutic option for managing PCOS.
- | progesterone / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Study on the Mechanism of the Chinese Herbal Pair Banxia-Chenpi in Ameliorating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on the CYP17A1 Gene. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 12, 2025
In conclusion, BXCP ameliorates PCOS by activating the CYP17A1-centered steroid biosynthesis pathway. These findings provide new insights into BXCP's clinical potentials in the management of patients with PCOS, highlighting the importance of TCM in modern medicine.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Letrozole-induced reversible acute heart failure. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 12, 2025
It may rarely cause cardiac side effects. It is very important to make patients aware of these issues and to be consulted by cardiology in case of possible cardiac symptoms.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Probiotics ameliorates hypothalamic amenorrhea in a rat model of PCOS. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 12, 2025
Altogether, the present results demonstrate that probiotics significantly ameliorated hypothalamic amenorrhea by mitigating hypothalamic lipid accumulation, suppressed inflammation, and replenished antioxidants. Crucially, probiotics enhanced hypothalamic kisspeptin levels, a key regulator of reproductive function, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for restoring ovarian function in PCOS.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., spironolactone / Generic mfg.
Journal: The clinical characteristics of 10 cases and adult height of six cases of rare familial male-limited precocious puberty. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 12, 2025
Early intervention using a regimen including letrozole and spironolactone, and later GnRHa, appears beneficial in limiting physical signs and improving adult height without major side effects. However, the longer-term effects on fertility require further investigation.
- | progesterone / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg., danazol oral / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, PARP Biomarker: PARP-2 acts on ILK signaling and pharmacological targeting of PARP-2 ameliorate endometriosis in a mouse model. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 10, 2025
The expression level of PARP-2 was suppressed by progesterone (P4) in the immortalized human endometriotic cells (IHECs). However, the danazol (100
- | diacerein / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Pain sensation and emotion induced by aromatase inhibitors: a new mouse model. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 10, 2025
Administration of diacerein partially alleviated pain-related behaviors. This model provides a valuable platform for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AI treatment and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., anastrozole / Generic mfg., exemestane / Generic mfg.
Journal: OATP1B-type transport function is a determinant of aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia susceptibility. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 10, 2025
In line with these findings, we found that low hepatic OATP1B-type transporter activity in patients with breast cancer was associated with an increase in AI-associated arthralgia. These findings shed light on the rate-limiting step in the elimination of AIs and suggest a rationale for the potential implementation of transporter biomarkers to predict susceptibility to AI-associated arthralgia and ultimately mitigate this debilitating toxicity.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Stability-indicating spectrophotometric manipulations for the determination of Letrozole in the presence of its alkali-induced degradation products; towards whiteness and ChlorTox scale perspectives. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 9, 2025
The proposed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines, and were successfully applied for determination of LTZ in bulk powder, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and pharmaceutical formulation. The Whiteness tool, using the RBG12 algorithm, was employed to evaluate environmental aspects, as well, ChlorTox scale was used to assess chemicals' hazards for this study.
- || Review, Journal: The current landscape of aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 9, 2025
To provide a comprehensive overview of AIs in the treatment of ER+?breast cancer, this study examined the pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, mechanisms of action, and problems with treatment resistance. To maximize therapeutic approaches and enhance patient outcomes in the treatment of ER breast cancer, it is imperative to understand these characteristics.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., methotrexate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Evaluating single-dose methotrexate alone versus methotrexate with letrozole for treating ectopic pregnancy: a comparative study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 9, 2025
To maximize therapeutic approaches and enhance patient outcomes in the treatment of ER breast cancer, it is imperative to understand these characteristics. Letrozole may offer a potential contribution to MTX therapy by providing a more pronounced reduction in ?-hCG levels, but further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is needed to confirm these findings.
- || letrozole / Generic mfg., capecitabine / Generic mfg.
P2 data, Journal, Metastases: Combination of metronomic capecitabine and letrozole in metastatic hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 9, 2025
P2
Anaemia (28.3%) and hand & foot syndrome (43.8%) were significantly more common in the capecitabine/letrozole arm. Capecitabine combined with letrozole have showed a trend towards improvement in progression free survival with potential more benefit to certain sub-groups and the combination showed acceptable safety profile consistent with the established known safety profile of both letrozole and capecitabine.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Enrollment change, Trial completion date, Trial termination, Trial primary completion date: MITO32: Efficacy of Letrozole in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 7, 2025
P3, N=86, Terminated, Sponsor: Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Capecitabine combined with letrozole have showed a trend towards improvement in progression free survival with potential more benefit to certain sub-groups and the combination showed acceptable safety profile consistent with the established known safety profile of both letrozole and capecitabine. N=236 --> 86 | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Nov 2024 | Not yet recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Nov 2024; Logistical problems impacting the speed of enrolment
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Letrozole Cotreatment Reduces Unexpectedly Poor Responses in Ovarian Stimulation With Follitropin Delta: A Strategy to Prevent High Anti-M (Pubmed Central) - Mar 7, 2025
Cotreatment with letrozole may reduce unanticipated suboptimal responses in patients expected to have good responses. Additionally, it may shorten the duration of ovarian stimulation and decrease the total dosage of follitropin delta required.
- | metformin / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg., clomifene citrate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ovulation induction in anovulatory PCOS women. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 6, 2025
Combining these treatments with dietary and lifestyle interventions, such as an anti-inflammatory diet, nutritional education, and personalized exercise programs, can enhance treatment outcomes. Through an integrated approach, significant improvements in metabolic health and reproductive function for women with PCOS are possible.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Lepidium Sativum (Pubmed Central) - Mar 6, 2025
LSSE exhibits potent protective effects against PCOS, surpassing metformin in several aspects. LSSE acts through multi-mechanistic action, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic, and hormone-balancing properties, along with its positive impact on fertility, suggesting that LSSE could be a promising natural alternative for PCOS management.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
New trial: Laboratory and Ultrasound Findings and Response to Letrozole in PCOS Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 6, 2025
P=N/A, N=138, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Al-Azhar University
- | metformin / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Metformin-mediated intestinal AMPK activation ameliorates PCOS through gut microbiota modulation and metabolic pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2025
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting intestinal AMPK in managing PCOS. By improving both metabolic and reproductive health, activation of AMPK may offer a promising approach for restoring physiological balance in PCOS patients.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Trial completion: Letrozole in Post-Menopausal Patients with Operable Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 3, 2025
P2, N=61, Completed, Sponsor: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
By improving both metabolic and reproductive health, activation of AMPK may offer a promising approach for restoring physiological balance in PCOS patients. Active, not recruiting --> Completed
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Terminalia chebula Retz. in Alleviating the Complications of Letrozole-Induced PCOS in Rat Model. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 1, 2025
found to have lower expression on concerning the control group. These entire physiological, and biochemical observed during the successful induction of PCOS got restored to normal after being treated with the fruit extract of T. chebula in the experimental animals and implied its potentiality in managing the complications of PCOS.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Ameliorative Effect of Combined Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells plus Platelet-rich Plasma on Polycystic Ovarian Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histological Study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 1, 2025
These entire physiological, and biochemical observed during the successful induction of PCOS got restored to normal after being treated with the fruit extract of T. chebula in the experimental animals and implied its potentiality in managing the complications of PCOS. In this study, 25 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Sham (given a dose of 1 mL of a 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution), PCOS (administered 1
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Androgens enhance recognition memory and dendritic spine density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized female rats. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 1, 2025
Lastly, we used the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, to discriminate between potential androgenic and estrogenic effects of androgens on behavior...The present results expand previous information on gonadal hormone actions and show that, in addition to estrogens, androgens also improve memory and increase spine density in brains of OVX female rats. While requiring further investigation, these observations provide a basis for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of menopausal, age or disease related memory loss.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Exploring new frontiers in oncofertility preservation: a case of ovarian stimulation during pregnancy. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 27, 2025
While requiring further investigation, these observations provide a basis for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of menopausal, age or disease related memory loss. This case highlights the feasibility of adapting random-start ovarian stimulation protocols during pregnancy, warranting further investigation in similar clinical scenarios.
- ||||| Inluriyo (imlunestrant) / Eli Lilly
Enrollment change: EMBER-4: A Study of Imlunestrant Versus Standard Endocrine Therapy in Participants With Early Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 26, 2025
P3, N=8000, Recruiting, Sponsor: Eli Lilly and Company
This case highlights the feasibility of adapting random-start ovarian stimulation protocols during pregnancy, warranting further investigation in similar clinical scenarios. N=6000 --> 8000
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Fertility stimulation protocols in women with cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 26, 2025
For women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and with the agreement of the treating oncologist, the stimulation protocol should include an aromatase inhibitor such as letrozole to reduce the circulating estradiol levels. All patients should have a gonadotropin-releasing hormone trigger to eliminate the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and facilitate timely return for cancer therapy.
- letrozole / Generic mfg., leuprolide acetate for depot suspension / Generic mfg.
Alopecia as a side effect of fertility treatments in women () - Feb 26, 2025 - Abstract #AAD2025AAD_3544;
Given the psychosocial consequences associated with both infertility and alopecia independently, patients experiencing both may simultaneously carry an unrecognized mental health burden. A better understanding of the prevalence, consequences, and factors influencing ART-associated alopecia is needed to better enhance patient experiences and optimize patient care.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Effect of ALA Combined with Letrozole on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Clinical Outcome in Infertile Females (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 24, 2025
P3, N=150, Recruiting, Sponsor: Ain Shams University
A better understanding of the prevalence, consequences, and factors influencing ART-associated alopecia is needed to better enhance patient experiences and optimize patient care. Trial completion date: Apr 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2025
- | Journal: Durable and Drastic Response to the Trastuzumab, Letrozole, Abemaciclib, and Goserelin Combination as First-Line Therapy in HER2-Positive and Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 21, 2025
Additionally, diarrhea improved after symptomatic treatment. We believe that the combination of trastuzumab, hormone suppression, and abemaciclib is a practicable and effective treatment for HER2-positive and HR-positive metastatic BC in premenopausal patients who cannot tolerate the first-line chemotherapy.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Adropin-Driven Browning: Targeting M2 Macrophages to Combat PCOS. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 20, 2025
We believe that the combination of trastuzumab, hormone suppression, and abemaciclib is a practicable and effective treatment for HER2-positive and HR-positive metastatic BC in premenopausal patients who cannot tolerate the first-line chemotherapy. In the present study, the serum levels of adropin were significantly lower (P
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Prolonged administration of letrozole induces polycystic ovary syndrome leading to osteoporosis in rats: model development and validation studies. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 20, 2025
In the present study, the serum levels of adropin were significantly lower (P However, the ovarian cysts did not regress even with metformin in rats administered with 1.0
- || Elonva (corifollitropin alfa) / Organon
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Therapeutic management in women with a diminished ovarian reserve: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2025
However, the ovarian cysts did not regress even with metformin in rats administered with 1.0 Specific interventions such as testosterone seem to correlate with a better live birth rate in women with DOR; these findings should be further explored in randomized trials.
- atirmociclib (PF-07220060) / Pfizer
Randomized phase 2 window of opportunity trial of preoperative atirmociclib (PF-07220060) plus letrozole versus letrozole on Ki-67 tumor expression in postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2?breast cancer () - Feb 18, 2025 - Abstract #SGBCC2025SG_BCC_323;
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., Kisqali (ribociclib) / Novartis, fulvestrant / Generic mfg.
Journal, Real-world evidence: Initial real-world experience with ribociclib in advanced breast cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 18, 2025
Although objective response rates were modest in this mixed cohort of heavily pretreated patients, ribociclib combined with letrozole or fulvestrant has shown robust PFS and OS in real-world practice. AEs related treatment discontinuation rate is higher than that reported in clinical trials with stringent inclusion criteria.
- | metformin / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, Combination therapy, Metabolomic study: Therapeutic Effects of Stevia Aqueous Extract Alone or in Combination with Metformin in Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats: Gene Expression, Hormonal Balance, and Metabolomics Aspects. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 17, 2025
AEs related treatment discontinuation rate is higher than that reported in clinical trials with stringent inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that SAE and Met aqueous extract exert protective effects on letrozole-induced PCOS in rats by modulating gene expression associated with insulin signaling and oxidative stress.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Organizing Pneumonia Caused by Letrozole Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2025
The findings suggest that SAE and Met aqueous extract exert protective effects on letrozole-induced PCOS in rats by modulating gene expression associated with insulin signaling and oxidative stress. No abstract available
- | dorsomorphin (Compound C) / EMD Serono
Journal: Treatment of Qin Gui Wan (QGW) in PCOS abnormal oocytes development via AMPK / PGC-1? pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 15, 2025
This study demonstrates that QGW alleviates abnormal oocyte development in PCOS rats, possibly by enhancing P450arom expression via the AMPK/PGC-1? pathway, thus restoring normal androgen-estrogen balance and follicular development.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., methotrexate / Generic mfg.
Journal, Monotherapy: Off-label letrozole for tubal pregnancy monotherapy is not an alternative to methotrexate: a prospective cohort study. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 14, 2025
Even though the results did not reach statistical significance, it is likely that a larger study sample would confirm the trend of letrozole being less effective. The results did not support the use of letrozole in the studied regimen as an alternative to MTX.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., clomifene citrate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Nipecotic Acid Ameliorates Letrozole Induced Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome in Female Virgin Wistar Rats by Modulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis Regulated by GABA. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 13, 2025
The results did not support the use of letrozole in the studied regimen as an alternative to MTX. In this study 30 female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each group containing 6 animals and treated as follows-Healthy control: Vehicle, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); Diseased control: Letrozole 1
- | letrozole / Generic mfg., apixaban / Generic mfg.
Journal: Intra-operative visualization of the superior ophthalmic vein in carotid-cavernous fistula. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2025
She was started on apixaban to treat a presumed cavernous sinus thrombosis. She continues to do well at her follow up examinations.
- | Journal: Molecular mechanism underlying cardioprotective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2025
DHEA was utilized to inhibit the apoptotic effects of DTT, while estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists ICI 182,780 and G15, the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole were used to identify the receptors activated during DHEA treatment in HVSMCs and HUVECs...Furthermore, the primary receptor signaling pathways were identified using signaling pathway blockers: LY294002 (PI3K blocker), SP600125 (JNK blocker), and U0126 (ERK1/2 blocker)...Our study has identified a novel mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of DHEA. Specifically, DHEA may mitigate ERS-induced cell apoptosis by activating estrogen receptors ER?, ER?, and GPER via the activated JNK pathway.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Trial completion, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Letrozole /GnRH Antagonist Protocol in Women Over 40 Years Undergoing ICSI Cycle (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 12, 2025
P=N/A, N=200, Completed, Sponsor: Menoufia University
Specifically, DHEA may mitigate ERS-induced cell apoptosis by activating estrogen receptors ER?, ER?, and GPER via the activated JNK pathway. Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Feb 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2022 --> Feb 2025
- || letrozole / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: LEILA-1: Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of IM Letrozole LEBE in Healthy Post-menopausal Women (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 12, 2025
P1, N=90, Active, not recruiting, Sponsor: Rovi Pharmaceuticals Laboratories
Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Feb 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2022 --> Feb 2025 Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jun 2025
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Acetate abates adipose-ovarian endocrinometabolic disturbance in experimentally induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 10, 2025
Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jun 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jun 2025 Overall, the present results suggest that acetate ameliorates adipose-ovarian metabolic and endocrine disruptions that accompany PCOS, and these beneficial effects of acetate are associated with reduction of HDAC2 levels and elevation of mitofusin 2/sirtuin-1.
- || Ibrance (palbociclib) / Pfizer
P2 data, Journal, Combination therapy, Metastases: Palbociclib in combination with either aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant for patients with advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer in Germany - Final results of the phase 2 multicohort INGE-B trial. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2025
P2
The INGE-B trial demonstrated good efficacy and tolerability of PAL with letrozole (1L) or fulvestrant (first and later line) in accordance with the PALOMA trials. In addition, the so far lacking proof of efficacy and safety of PAL in combination with anastrozole or exemestane in 1L and with letrozole in later line was provided by INGE-B.
- Verzenio (abemaciclib) / Eli Lilly
Phase 2 study of letrozole, abemaciclib and metformin in estrogen receptor (ER) positive recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) (4E) - Feb 8, 2025 - Abstract #SGO2025SGO_529;
- || Review, Journal: Recent Advances in Individualized Clinical Strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Evidence From Clinical Trials and Emerging Pharmacotherapies. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2025
This comprehensive approach underscores the importance of tailored treatments in optimizing clinical outcomes and quality of life for women with PCOS. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advancements in the treatment of PCOS through clinical trials and emerging pharmacotherapies, emphasizing the need for individualized and multifaceted treatment approaches.
- ||| letrozole / Generic mfg., anastrozole / Generic mfg., exemestane / Generic mfg.
Journal, Adverse events: Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Associated With Aromatase Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase). (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2025
Signals of disproportionate reporting have been observed between the occurrence of dementia, dementia Alzheimer's type, and senile dementia with aromatase inhibitors, which is in line with estrogen functions and aromatase activity, as well as the findings from preclinical studies. Additional research is required to elucidate this intricate matter.
- | letrozole / Generic mfg.
Enrollment open: Comparative Study Between HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR in Prediction of Ovulation Outcome in Women With PCOS (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 5, 2025
P=N/A, N=122, Recruiting, Sponsor: Cairo University
Additional research is required to elucidate this intricate matter. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
- | Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) / Roche, Soltamox (tamoxifen citrate) / Jazz, Perjeta (pertuzumab) / Roche
Trial initiation date: Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Anti-HER2 Therapy in Nigerian Women With HER2+ Breast Cancer Before and After Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 5, 2025
P2, N=74, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: University of Chicago
Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting Initiation date: Jan 2025 --> Jan 2026
- || metformin / Generic mfg., letrozole / Generic mfg., clomifene citrate / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Update on the therapeutic role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects on pathophysiologic process and fertility outcomes. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 3, 2025
Combining metformin with letrozole (1st-line agent for ovulation induction in women with PCOS and no other infertility risk factors) is not more effective than letrozole alone...Where a successful pregnancy is achieved, metformin is generally safe for the mother and neonate. Further research is needed to define with greater precision the optimal dosage and times to initiate and discontinue metformin in women with PCOS who achieve pregnancy.