imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD) 
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  • ||||||||||  Zerbaxa (ceftolozane /tazobactam) / Merck (MSD), imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
    Review, Journal:  Therapeutic Strategies for Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 13, 2022   
    Future goals for the management of these infections include increased comparator clinical data of novel agents to determine in what scenario certain agents may be preferred over others. Until then, appropriate treatment of these infections requires a thorough evaluation of patient- and infection-specific factors to guide empiric and definitive therapeutic decisions.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Clinical, Journal:  Genomic Characterization of Imipenem- and Imipenem-Relebactam-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 12, 2022   
    This information will enhance our ability to forecast traits of resistant strains and design reliable treatments against this important threat. Our results provide new insight into the dynamics and high genomic plasticity by which clinical strains of P. aeruginosa acquire resistance as well as offers a methodology that can be applied to many other opportunistic pathogens with broad antibiotic resistance.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Vabomere (meropenem/vaborbactam) / Melinta Therap, Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
    Review, Journal:  Treatment for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections: recent advances and future directions. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 29, 2021   
    We also discuss recent advances in phage therapy and antibiotics that are currently in development targeted to CRE. The potential for the development of resistance to these therapies remains high, and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship is imperative both to reduce the spread of CRE worldwide and to ensure continued access to efficacious treatment options.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Mono vs. combo regimens with novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for the treatment of infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: insights from the literature. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 29, 2021   
    Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB) and imipenem-relebactam (I-R) are combinations of old ß-lactams with novel non-ß-lactam ß-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) able to inhibit some carbapenemases, such as the KPC-type, thus are becoming the standard for difficult-to-treat carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE); a practical question is whether these novel BLBLIs should be used as monotherapy or as part of a combination regimen with other antibiotics, and if so, with which ones, to reduce the emergence of resistant strains and to optimize their efficacy...Available evidence on combination therapy is scarce and mainly limited to retrospective studies involving 630 patients treated with CZA: aminoglycosides were used in 39.6% of 336 patients treated with combo-regimens, followed by polymyxin B/colistin (24.4%), tigecycline (24.1%), carbapenems (13.4%) and fosfomycin (5.4%)...MVB and I-R were mostly used as monotherapies. Currently, there is no definitive evidence whether combinations are more effective than monotherapies; further studies are warranted, and to date only personal opinions can be provided.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against Gram-negative clinical isolates in two Spanish tertiary hospitals. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 29, 2021   
    IMI/REL showed high activity against the strains that carry Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa unrelated to the VIM enzyme, mainly AmpC beta lactamase associated with impermeability. Against strains carrying oxacillinase 48 (OXA-48) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), IMI/REL presented activity only slightly better than IMI and had no beneficial effect superior to IMI against A. baumannii.
  • ||||||||||  Zerbaxa (ceftolozane /tazobactam) / Merck (MSD), imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Vabomere (meropenem/vaborbactam) / Melinta Therap
    Journal:  Current opinion in management of septic shock due to Gram-negative bacteria. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 17, 2021   
    Management of sepsis has brought capillary refill time back to the spotlight along with more reasoned fluid resuscitation and a moderate approach to timing of dialysis initiation. Novel rapid diagnostic tests and antimicrobials specifically targeted to Gram-negative pathogens are available and should be used within the principles of antimicrobial stewardship including de-escalation and short duration of antimicrobial therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Antimicrobial Dose Reduction in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Myth or Real Need? A Practical Approach for Guiding Dose Optimization of Novel Antibiotics. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Nowadays, the lack of pharmacokinetic data for novel antimicrobials during CRRT limits evidence-based dose recommendations for critically ill patients in this setting, thus making available evidence hardly applicable in real-world scenarios. This review aims to summarize the major determinants involved in antimicrobial clearance, and the available pharmacokinetic studies performed during CRRT involving novel antibiotics used for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections (namely ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, cefiderocol, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, dalbavancin, and fosfomycin), providing a practical approach in guiding dose optimization in this special population.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  Emerging Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection, Its Epidemiology and Novel Treatment Options: A Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, plazomicin, cefiderocol, eravacycline, and aztreonam-avibactam are recently reported to be active against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; and are also in ongoing trials for different populations and combinations with other antibacterial agents. Overall, treatment must be tailored to the patient's susceptibility profile, type and degree of infection, and personal characteristics.
  • ||||||||||  relebactam (MK-7655) / Merck (MSD)
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vitro efficacy of relebactam versus avibactam against Mycobacterium abscessus complex. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    We have identified that the use of imipenem and meropenem alongside either relebactam or avibactam yield low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for each M. abscessus subspecies, which are within the therapeutically achievable concentration ranges within the epithelial lining fluid of the lungs. We propose the implementation of imipenem with relebactam in place of stand-alone imipenem into the current treatment regime, alongside meropenem, as a future front-line treatment option for M. abscessus complex infections.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), relebactam (MK-7655) / Merck (MSD)
    Preclinical, Journal:  Imipenem/Relebactam Ex Vivo Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 25, 2021   
    (4) Imipenem and relebactam are not removed by adsorption to the CRRT apparatus, but readily cross the hemodiafilter membrane in CH and CHD. Dosage adjustment of imipenem/relebactam is likely required for critically ill patients receiving CRRT.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  New β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 6, 2021   
    These drugs provide various levels of in vitro coverage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, with several drugs presenting in vitro activity against MBLs (cefepime-zidebactam, aztreonam-avibactam, meropenem-nacubactam, and cefepime-taniborbactam). Among these drugs, some also present in vitro activity against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (cefepime-zidebactam and cefepime-taniborbactam) and A. baumannii (cefepime-zidebactam and sulbactam-durlobactam).
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Vabomere (meropenem/vaborbactam) / Melinta Therap, Xerava (eravacycline) / SOM Biotech, Ewha Womans University, La Jolla Pharma, PAION
    [VIRTUAL] Access to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Novel Gram-Negative Antibiotics () -  Oct 6, 2021 - Abstract #IDWeek2021IDWeek_985;    
    Long TATs exist and a great deal of time is spent per patient for coordinating AST for these novel agents. There is a crucial need for a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to resolve the challenges in obtaining AST for newly developed antibiotics to provide patient care.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Recarbrio (relebactam/imepenem/cilastatin) / Merck (MSD)
    Clinical, Journal:  An Overview of Cilastatin + Imipenem + Relebactam as a Therapeutic Option for Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: Evidence to Date. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 8, 2021   
    The results of clinical trials have demonstrated an efficacy of imipenem/relebactam similar to that of its comparator for the treatment of patients with HAP/VAP. Different studies have also shown its good safety profile, which is better than that of the combination of other β-lactams with other antibiotics.Expert opinion: This drug should be incorporated as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with HAP/VAP, especially as an alternative treatment in patients with confirmed infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram -negatives.