imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD) 
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  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Vabomere (meropenem/vaborbactam) / Melinta Therap, Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
    Carbapenemase Producing Serratia Marcescens: Persistent In The Environment And Resistant In The Patient (Exhibit and Poster Hall) -  Jun 4, 2022 - Abstract #ASMMicrobe2022ASM_Microbe_2468;    
    Despite availability of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors the majority of isolates developed resistance after treatment. It will be critical to consider how additional carbapenemase producing species may respond to new antimicrobial combinations and monitor for the development of resistance after exposure to the new agents.
  • ||||||||||  Zerbaxa (ceftolozane /tazobactam) / Merck (MSD), imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Review, Journal:  Use of Novel Antibiograms to Determine the Need for Earlier Susceptibility Testing and Administration for New β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in the United States. (Pubmed Central) -  May 30, 2022   
    Novel antibiograms such as syndromic antibiograms that incorporate resistant gram-negative phenotypes and/or minimum inhibitory concentration distributions may assist in determining the need for earlier susceptibility testing or help define an earlier optimal use of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to emphasize novel antibiogram approaches that are capable of improving the time to susceptibility testing and administration for new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors so that they are earlier in a patient's treatment course.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Vabomere (meropenem/vaborbactam) / Melinta Therap
    Pkpqil Trac Mutation Increases Plasmid Copy Number, Kpc-3 Production and Carbapenem Mics in the Presence of Kpc Inhibitors Against Klebsiella Pneumoniae (AAR Track Hub) -  May 21, 2022 - Abstract #ASMMicrobe2022ASM_Microbe_2130;    
    We concluded, therefore, that this mutation in traC, modifying a proline, which is highly likely to affect structure of a known essential protein for plasmid conjugation, increases plasmid copy number, thereby increasing KPC-3 production and conferring carbapenem/KPC inhibitor resistance. This is the first time that traC mutations have been associated with increased copy number for any plasmid, and the exact mechanism for this remains to be determined.
  • ||||||||||  Overcoming β-Lactam and Multi-Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Through a Novel β-Lactam/β-Lactam Enhancer Combination: A Step Beyond β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors (Salon GHI) -  May 21, 2022 - Abstract #ASMMicrobe2022ASM_Microbe_241;    
    MICs of cefepime/zidebactam (FEP/ZID, a BL/BLE) and novel BL/BLIs were determined against a selected panel (n=113) of MDR PSA...Among the subset of non-carbapenemase producing strains (79/113), susceptibilities (CLSI criteria) to ceftolozane/tazobactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, and imipenem/relebactam were 54, 52, 51, and 61%, respectively while FEP/ZID, inhibited 92.4% at 8 mg/L...The BL/BLE, FEP/ZID combination demonstrated comprehensive activity in vitro and translational in vivo efficacy against strains with FEP/ZID MICs up to 32 mg/L (a concentration inhibiting 100% of PSAs). BLE mechanism of FEP/ZID potentially offers a novel paradigm in managing infections caused by present and future MDR PSA clones.
  • ||||||||||  Zerbaxa (ceftolozane /tazobactam) / Merck (MSD), imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
    Journal:  Combination of phage therapy and cefiderocol to successfully treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa cranial osteomyelitis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 10, 2022   
    This report adds to the growing literature that phage therapy may be a safe and effective approach to augment antibiotic therapy for patients infected with drug-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of the GES β-lactamase family in contributing to inactivation of a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics in P. aeruginosa, including ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Preclinical, Journal:  In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam against Clinical Isolates in Japan. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 30, 2022   
    The antibacterial activity of IMR against imipenem-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa isolates was lower than that of AMK but comparable to or higher than those of other drugs. These results support the use of IMR as a new treatment option for infections due to Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa strains that are resistant to existing β-lactams and other antibacterial agents.
  • ||||||||||  PK/PD data, Review, Journal:  Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol-An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 24, 2022   
    Considering the complexity of summarizing and integrating the emerging literature data of clinical outcomes, microbiological mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of the new BL/BLI and cefiderocol, we aimed to provide an overview of data on the following compounds: aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefiderocol, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Each compound is described in a dedicated section by experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, and pharmacology, with tables providing at-a-glance information.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Journal:  Successful Treatment of Bloodstream Infection due to a KPC-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Resistant to Imipenem/Relebactam in a Hematological Patient. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 24, 2022   
    Although treatment with CAZ-AVI and gentamicin completely eradicated the infection due KPC-Kp cross-resistance to IMI-REL and MER-VAB, the patient became colonized subsequently by KPC-Kp strains susceptible to IMI-REL and MER-VAB...Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that KPC-Kp cross-resistance to IMI-REL and MER-VAB was clonally related to a KPC-Kp resistant to IMI-REL as previously described, demonstrating the spread of this multidrug resistant clone in the hematological unit. In conclusion, the results presented in this study reported the emergence of cross-resistance to MER-VAB and IMI-REL in a KPC-Kp strain isolated from a hematological patient and highlight the potential development and diffusion of new multidrug resistance traits.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD)
    Trial completion:  Imipenem-Relebactam Pharmacokinetics in Augmented Renal Clearance (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 31, 2022   
    P1,  N=9, Completed, 
    Imipenem/relebactam could be a useful alternative for the treatment of XDR P. aeruginosa infections, potentially reducing resistance development during therapy. Recruiting --> Completed
  • ||||||||||  cefepime/taniborbactam (cefepime/VNRX-5133) / VenatoRx
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vitro activity of cefepime-taniborbactam against carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered in Spain. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 24, 2022   
    isolates (163/170, MIC>2 mg/L), activity of FTB against serine-β-lactamase (35/163) and MBL producers (43/163) was 88.6% and 65.1%, respectively, whereas the susceptibility of comparators was: ceftazidime-avibactam, 88.5% and 16.0%; meropenem-vaborbactam, 8.5% and 7.0%; imipenem-relebactam, 2.9% and 2.3%; ceftolozane-tazobactam, 0% and 2.3%; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 0% and 0%, respectively. Microbiological results suggest FTB as a potential therapeutic option in patients infected with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas isolates, including MBL producers.
  • ||||||||||  imipenem/relebactam / Merck (MSD), relebactam (MK-7655) / Merck (MSD)
    Journal:  Activity of imipenem/relebactam on Klebsiella pneumoniae with different mechanisms of imipenem non-susceptibility. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 1, 2022   
    Relebactam activity against isolates harbouring-bla or with altered Ompk35 & Ompk36 gene expression and efflux pump hyperactivity need further studies. Therefore, using IMP/R antibiotic in the treatment of infections caused by IMP/NS K. pneumoniae should be based on its molecular profile of IMP resistance to optimize the utility of IMP/R.
  • ||||||||||  colistin sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The Role of Colistin in the Era of New β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2022   
    Nevertheless, colistin may be needed for the treatment of CRAB infections and in the setting where the new BLBLIs are currently unavailable. In addition, with the advent of rapid diagnostic methods and novel antimicrobials, the application of personalized medicine has gained significant importance in the treatment of CRE infections.