- |||||||||| live horsepox virus vaccine (TNX-801) / Tonix
Preclinical, Journal: Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is attenuated relative to vaccinia virus strains in both in vitro and in vivo models. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2024
The two FDA-approved vaccines, ACAM-2000 and JYNNEOS, have important advantages and disadvantages...Here, we show that TNX-801 is >10- to 1,000-fold attenuated in in vitro and in vivo models including human primary cells and immunocompromised murine models than vaccine strains utilized in smallpox eradication. The natural attenuation of TNX-801 and its ability to induce protective immunity via a single vaccination are promising and warrants further development.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, Vistide (cidofovir) / Gilead, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Journal: Mpox-diagnosis, treatment, immunization, and prognosis (Pubmed Central) - Nov 6, 2024
Prognosis depends on the clade, the access to medical care, and the underlying health status. Immunocompromised persons and children are at a higher risk of a severe course.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Journal: Applicability and benefits of telemedicine in the monitoring of monkeypox close contacts. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 2, 2024
A case series of 13 close contacts who received post-exposure prophylaxis in the form of the ACAM2000 live Vaccinia virus preparation is presented, illustrating the safe and efficacious application of telemedicine in the clinical follow-up of quarantined close contacts throughout the 21-day incubation period, and post-exposure prophylaxis monitoring. Inherent limitations included difficulties in the assessment of sensitive areas such as the peri-genital and peri-anal regions and video quality-related issues.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Treatment and Vaccination for Smallpox and Monkeypox. (Pubmed Central) - May 27, 2024
In conclusion, further research for treatment and prevention of orthopox infections is needed and is already in progress. After a brief introduction, this chapter presents the smallpox and mpox disease and thereafter full overviews on antiviral treatment and vaccination including the passive immunization with vaccinia immunoglobulins.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: An overview on mRNA-based vaccines to prevent monkeypox infection. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 6, 2024
Cross-protection against Mpox is effective with two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved smallpox vaccines (ACAM2000 and JYNNEOSTM)...When protecting against Mpox infection, mRNA vaccines are pretty efficient and may one day replace the present whole-virus vaccines. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a synopsis of the ongoing research, development, and testing of an mRNA vaccine against Mpox.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic
Journal: Monkeypox: Can we count on the current smallpox immunization? (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2024
Two vaccines ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS have obtained approval from the Food and Drug Administration as preventive measures against monkeypox, contributing significantly to the management of the monkeypox epidemic...Amino acid substitutions within B cell epitopes were observed in 26 of these antigens, with at least half of the antigen substitutions occurring within B cell epitopes in 20 out of the 26 antigens analyzed. These findings may raise potential concerns regarding the efficacy of these vaccines.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Managing Monkeypox Virus Infections: A Contemporary Review. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 11, 2024
The injectable format of tecovirimat was approved recently, in May 2022. Considering the importance of clinical care in this disease, awareness about the side effects of medicines, nutrition, care for conjunctivitis, skin rash, washing and bathing at home, and so on can be useful in controlling and managing the disease.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Update on monkeypox virus infection: Focusing current treatment and prevention approaches. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 16, 2024
Considering the importance of clinical care in this disease, awareness about the side effects of medicines, nutrition, care for conjunctivitis, skin rash, washing and bathing at home, and so on can be useful in controlling and managing the disease. This review highlights the pathogenesis of the virus, disease manifestations, drugs, and vaccines that are being used and those under pipeline for the treatment and prevention of Mpox.
- |||||||||| Journal: Recent Advances in the Prevention and Management of Monkeypox Viral Infection in Humans. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 16, 2023
This review highlights the pathogenesis of the virus, disease manifestations, drugs, and vaccines that are being used and those under pipeline for the treatment and prevention of Mpox. We have, herein, covered features of monkeypox viral biology that are important for risk assessment and getting ready for an outbreak of the monkeypox virus, with a focus on recent advances in knowledge of the virus's host range, evolutionary potential, and potential targets for neutralization.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: Monkeypox Virus: A comprehensive narrative review. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 6, 2023
Several diagnostic methods exist, among which polymerase chain reaction has proven to be the most specific and sensitive. In this review, we will discuss its epidemiology, the clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, complications, treatment approaches and preventive measures.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 7, 2023
Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Clinical Strategies and Therapeutics for Human Monkeypox Virus: A Revised Perspective on Recent Outbreaks. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 2, 2023
In the line of expanded MPXV prevalence, we further reviewed its clinical management and the diverse employed preventive/therapeutic strategies, including vaccines (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000, VIGIV) and antiviral drugs/inhibitors (Tecovirimat, Cidofovir, Brincidofovir). Taken together, with a revised perspective of HMPX re-emergence, the present report summarizes new knowledge on its prevalence, pathology, and prevention strategies.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Mpox: Rapid Evidence Review. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2023
Possible complications of mpox include anogenital pain, bacterial superinfections of skin lesions, dehydration secondary to oral lesions, encephalitis, keratitis, and respiratory distress. To date, 38 deaths have been reported in the United States.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: The Global Monkeypox (Mpox) Outbreak: A Comprehensive Review. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 28, 2023
The second vaccine, ACAM2000, is a recombinant second-generation vaccine initially developed for smallpox...Adverse events have been reported, and a next generation of safer and specific vaccines is needed. Although some experts claim that developing vaccines with a large spectrum of specificity can be advantageous, epitope-focused immunogens are often more effective in enhancing neutralization.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: Concerns over cardiovascular manifestations associated with monkeypox immunization: a literature review. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 26, 2023
Smallpox vaccines ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and modified vaccinia Ankara have been used for monkeypox...Based on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, immunization will be a better strategy to halt the monkeypox spread throughout the globe. However, further research is needed to determine the exact incidence and susceptibility to develop cardiovascular complications among monkeypox immunized individuals.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Journal: Mpox vaccination in global perspective: priorities and challenges. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2023
ACAM2000, MVABN, and LC16 are in consideration and have been approved in several jurisdictions for ongoing Mpox outbreak. Prioritization of individuals along with the production of specific Mpox vaccine is need of the hour to meet out the global demand of Mpox vaccination.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Pharmacological treatment and vaccines in monkeypox virus: a narrative review and bibliometric analysis. (Pubmed Central) - May 22, 2023
The drugs used for mpox virus infection include tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir, vaccinia immune globulin, and trifluridine...ACAM 2000 is capable of replicating and may cause severe adverse reactions...Several drugs and vaccines are under development and have been discussed alongside pragmatic aspects of mpox virus treatment and prevention. Further studies can provide more insight into the safety and efficacy of Tecovirimat in actively progressing mpox virus disease.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Review, Journal: Monkeypox: a global health emergency. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2023
Because of these similarities, antivirals and vaccines approved and licensed in the past for the smallpox virus are effective and could successfully treat and prevent an mpox virus infection. This review discusses the main components that outline this current global health issue raised by the mpox virus, by presenting it as a whole, and integrating aspects such as its structure, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, prevention, and treatment options, and how this ongoing phenomenon is being globally approached.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Journal: Human monkeypox virus: current state of knowledge and implications for the imminent days. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 27, 2023
In extremely severe cases, medications such as tecovirimat may be effective and are used in Europe...Smallpox immunizations like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 are also used as prophylactic measures in the case of the monkeypox virus. This article describes the assessment and treatment of monkeypox infections in humans and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary team to treat patients with this condition and prevent disease outbreaks.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Human monkeypox infection threat: A comprehensive overview. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 24, 2023
In response to the current MPX epidemic, the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against MPX, as well as the rapid and precise diagnostic methods are still urgently needed. Sound monitoring and detection systems should be established to limit the rapid spread of MPX worldwide.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: The outbreak of the monkeypox virus in the shadow of the pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 18, 2023
Antivirals and vaccines such as Tecovirimat, Brincidofovir, Cidofovir, Imvamune, and ACAM2000 have shown promising results. The primary purpose of the review is to perform an epidemiological study and investigate the pathobiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and some associated complications of the monkeypox virus in 2022.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: Vaccines against monkeypox. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2023
The 2022 extra-African monkeypox virus epidemic has highlighted the lack of vaccines with proven efficacy and low reactogenicity. It is considered that the use of this vaccine in the current outbreak may play a role in the prevention or attenuation of the disease as pre-exposure prophylaxis in close contacts of confirmed cases.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Emergence of monkeypox: a worldwide public health crisis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2023
In this overview, we provide an outline of the MPV's morphology, evolution, mechanism, transmission, diagnosis, preventative measures, and therapeutic approaches. This study offers the fundamental information required to prevent and manage any further spread of this emerging virus.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Journal: Genomic Characterization of the Historical Smallpox Vaccine Strain Wyeth Isolated from a 1971 Seed Vial. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 22, 2023
In addition, we detected recombinant events of clone Wyeth A111 and the Dryvax clone Acam2000, suggesting that other regions of the genomes may have similar patchy patterns of recombination. A small-scale serological survey using VACV-Wyeth as antigen in ELISA assays revealed that 63 of the 65 individuals born before the end of smallpox vaccination in Brazil still have anti-VACV IgG antibodies, demonstrating the usefulness of the VACV-Wyeth strain in future extended serological studies of the Brazilian population.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Journal: Comprehensive update on the monkeypox outbreak. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2022
Moreover, to prevent MPX, there are two vaccines available which are approved by FDA: Bavarian Nordic JYNNEOS, and ACAM2000 vaccine...Additionally, test capacity needs to be increased. Like SARS-CoV-2, global MPX outbreak demand for vaccines far exceeds availability.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Journal, Adverse events: Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications and Adverse Effects of JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 Monkeypox Vaccines. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2022
However, the ACAM2000 vaccine can cause pain, redness, edema, headache, fever, fatigue, muscle pain, body ache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath and increased risk of myopericarditis and cardiomyopathy. The evidence supports the view that both vaccines are beneficial, but the overall impact of JYNNEOS is better than that of ACAM2000.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Journal: Monkeypox in Human Pregnancy: An overview. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 22, 2022
There are no data to support the use of tecovirimat in pregnant women. However, no fetal adverse effects were noticed when tecovirimat was used in animal studies.
- |||||||||| Journal: Monkeypox Virus and Ophthalmology-A Primer on the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak and Monkeypox-Related Ophthalmic Disease. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2022
Tecovirimat, cidofovoir, brincidofovir and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous may be used for systemic infection...Smallpox vaccines (JYNNEOS [Bavarian Nordic] and ACAM2000 [Emergent Product Development Gaithersburg Inc]) provide immunity against monkeypox...MPXROD may be associated with severe ocular and visual morbidity. As the current outbreak evolves, up-to-date guidance from public health organizations and professional societies are critical.
- |||||||||| Journal: A brief on new waves of monkeypox and vaccines and antiviral drugs for monkeypox. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 26, 2022
To prepare for the upsurge of the cases of monkeypox in the Europe and North America, two vaccines, Jynneos® in the U.S. (Imvamune® in Canada or Imvanex® in the Europe) and ACAM2000® (Acambis, Inc.) initially developed in the smallpox eradication program, can provide protective immunity to monkeypox, and their production and availability are rapidly scaled up in the response to the emerging threat...Tecovirimat, an inhibitor of extracellular virus formation, and brincidofovir, a lipid conjugate of cidofovir, both are in vitro and in vivo active against MPXV, and are suggested for immunocompromised persons, who are at risk to develop severe diseases. However, current general consensus in the response to the monkeypox outbreak among public health systems is early identification and isolation of infected patients to prevent its spread.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Evaluation of the Immune Response to ACAM2000 in Previously Vaccinated Individuals (Convention Center - Hall 4A (4th Floor); In-Person-Only) - Oct 9, 2022 - Abstract #ASTMH2022ASTMH_935;
P4
The ACAM2000 safety profile was as expected, with lower local and systemic reactogenicity than in first-time vaccinees. There were no cases of myocarditis or pericarditis, or other serious risks associated with vaccinia virus dissemination.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Journal: Vaccinia-Virus-Based Vaccines Are Expected to Elicit Highly Cross-Reactive Immunity to the 2022 Monkeypox Virus. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 30, 2022
Viruses observed in the current outbreak carry distinct genetic variations that have the potential to affect vaccine-induced immune recognition. Here, by investigating genetic variation with respect to orthologous immunogenic vaccinia-virus proteins, we report data that anticipates immune responses induced by VACV-based vaccines, including the currently available MVA-BN and ACAM2000 vaccines, to remain highly cross-reactive against the newly observed monkeypox viruses.
- |||||||||| JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic, ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines? (Pubmed Central) - Sep 24, 2022
ACAM2000 (a live-attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live-attenuated, nonreplicating vaccine) are two US FDA-approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox...The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic.
- |||||||||| Journal: Prevention and treatment of monkeypox. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 20, 2022
Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic. No abstract available
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions
Review, Journal: Monkeypox: A clinical update for paediatricians. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 10, 2022
Preparedness of health systems for addressing the current outbreak is constrained by historic underfunding for research, and compounded by stigma and discrimination against cases and affected communities. Key challenges in halting transmission include improving vaccine equity and countering discrimination against men who have sex with men to aid diagnosis and treatment.
- |||||||||| ACAM2000 (smallpox (vaccinia) live vaccine) / Emergent Biosolutions, Vistide (cidofovir) / Gilead, TPOXX (tecovirimat) / SIGA Technologies
Review, Journal: Vaccination for Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans: A Review of Key Considerations. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 27, 2022
Two effective vaccines exist for the prevention of MVIH: modified vaccinia Ankara and ACAM2000...Priority groups for vaccination should include healthcare workers at high risk for occupational exposure, immunocompromised patients, and children. Vaccination strategies include pre-exposure vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and ring vaccination of close contacts.
|
