- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Targeted elimination of mutated mitochondrial DNA by a multi-functional conjugate capable of sequence-specific adenine alkylation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 27, 2022
Here, we construct a class of compounds encompassing pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs), mitochondria-penetrating peptide, and chlorambucil, an adenine-specific DNA-alkylating reagent...Furthermore, the compound reduces the mtDNA possessing the target mutation in cultured HeLa S3 cells. The programmability of PIPs to target different sequences could allow this class of compounds to be developed as designer drugs targeting pathogenic mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases in future studies.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Review, Journal, Adverse events: Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Chlorambucil, and Mycophenolate in Dogs and Cats: Clinical Uses, Pharmacology, and Side Effects. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 27, 2022
The goals of immunosuppressive treatment are to achieve disease remission while minimizing drug side effects. Ultimately, gradual drug tapering to the lowest dose to maintain disease remission or successful drug withdrawal.
- |||||||||| Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen, Nippon Shinyaku
Real-World Experience of Rapid Obinutuzumab Administration: Time to Change Obinutuzumab Infusion Rates () - Apr 25, 2022 - Abstract #BSH2022BSH_105;
Rapid obinutuzumab infusions are well tolerated in selected patients from cycle 2 onwards and this change in practice has the potential to lead to meaningful improvements to chemotherapy unit capacity during this period of persistent strain on healthcare systems. We advocate for review of obinutuzumab administration guidance for lower-risk patients in light of growing evidence to demonstrate the safety and utility of rapid infusions.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Journal: Painful ulcerations: the sole clinical sign of mixed cryoglobulinaemia secondary to marginal zone lymphoma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2022
He was diagnosed with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, and consequent conducted flow cytometry revealed CD5 +marginal zone lymphoma with elevated serum free light chains and kappa/lambda ratio.One-month following rituximab and chlorambucil therapy, the patient's pain had much improved, ear ulcers had healed and several leg ulcers had reduced in width and depth. The petechial eruption had also resolved.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Comparative Clinical Value of Pharmacologic Therapies for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: An Umbrella Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2022
In naïve patients, the PFS hazard ratios associated with four recent chemo-free therapies (obinutuzumab- and/or acalabrutinib-based) ranged from 0.11 to 0.61 versus current standard treatments (STs), without a significant OS advantage...In conclusion, last-generation therapies for CLL consistently increase PFS, but not OS, and minimally decrease safety, as compared with STs. Based on available evidence, the patient-customized adoption of new therapies, rather than universal recommendations, seems desirable in CLL patients.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Self-Illuminating Triggered Release of Therapeutics from Photocleavable Nanoprodrug for the Targeted Treatment of Breast Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
To address these key limitations, we synthesized a photocleavable nanoprodrug using luminol (a luminescent donor), chlorambucil (CHL, i.e., an antitumor drug with a photocleavable linker), and polyethylene glycol-folic acid conjugates (a targeted moiety) loaded onto polyamidoamine (PAMAM)...The released CHL significantly inhibited the growth of tumors without any obvious adverse effects. Our results provide a practicable strategy to expand the in vivo application of photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen, Nippon Shinyaku, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Clinical, Journal, Real-world evidence: Examining Treatment Patterns and Real-World Outcomes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Administrative Data in Ontario. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 24, 2022
Survival in patients treated with frontline chlorambucil was 76% pre-2015 and 75% post-2015 in year 1, and 45% and 56% in year 3. Our analysis shows that, as the treatment landscape for CLL has shifted, use of newer and novel agents as a first line or earlier in the relapsed/refractory setting has resulted in improved survival outcomes.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Selective modification of sulfamidate-containing peptides. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 18, 2022
The unique properties of this scaffold allow the stereocontrolled late-stage functionalization of the peptide backbone by nucleophilic ring opening with fluorescent probes, thiocarbohydrates and tags for strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition as well as by installing labile N-terminal affinity tags (biotin) and cytotoxic drugs (chlorambucil) for pH-controlled release. Finally, an unexpected base-promoted acyl group migration from the sulfamidate N-terminus allows fast and quantitative intramolecular modification of nucleophilic side chains on the fully unprotected peptides.
- |||||||||| Venclexta (venetoclax) / Roche, AbbVie, Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen, Nippon Shinyaku
A Probabilistic Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab As a First-Line, 12-Month, Fixed Duration Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in Canada (In-person & Virtual) - Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_227;
GClb, BR, Clb+R, and Ibr accrued less QALYs and higher costs, VEN+O was the dominant treatment option. Acalabrutinib showed higher QALY gain and substantially higher costs compared to VEN+O, leading to an incremental-cost-effectiveness-ratio (ICER) of $2,139,180/QALY gained and therefore not a cost-effective option.
- |||||||||| Humira (adalimumab) / Eisai, AbbVie
Review, Journal: Interventions for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
The final study (109 participants) compared sparsentan, a dual inhibitor of endothelin Type A receptor and of the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor, with irbesartan...Treatment with cyclosporin for at least six months was more likely to achieve complete remission of proteinuria compared with other treatments but there was considerable imprecision due to few studies and small participant numbers. In future studies of existing or new interventions, the investigators must clearly define the populations included in the study to provide appropriate recommendations for patients with primary, genetic or secondary FSGS.
- |||||||||| paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: BODIPY Conjugates as Functional Compounds for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
The first direction is associated with the development of BODIPY conjugates with drugs, including compounds of platinum, paclitaxel, chlorambucil, isoxazole, capsaicin, etc. The second direction is devoted to the labeling of vitamins, hormones, lipids, and other biomolecules to control the processes of their transport, localization in target cells, and metabolism. Within the framework of the third direction, the problem of obtaining functional optically active materials by conjugating BODIPY with other colored and fluorescent particles, in particular, phthalocyanines, is being solved.
- |||||||||| Remicade (infliximab) / Merck (MSD), Mitsubishi Tanabe, J&J, Humira (adalimumab) / Eisai, AbbVie
Clinical, Journal: Assessment of the Readability, Availability, and Quality of Online Patient Education Materials Regarding Uveitis Medications. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 26, 2022
Only one website satisfied all 4 JAMA benchmarks, two websites were able to satisfy three benchmarks, and the remainder achieved two or less. Online information regarding uveitis medications lacks accountability and is not written at an appropriate level for the average patient.
- |||||||||| gemcitabine / Generic mfg.
Gemcitabine-Induced Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (Area F, Hall F (North Building, Exhibition Level), Moscone Center) - Feb 19, 2022 - Abstract #ATS2022ATS_1013;
Gemcitabine-associated pulmonary toxicity can progress severely with a mortality rate of up to 20% and is associated with a variable response to supportive treatment. Therefore, despite unusual in clinical practice, this diagnosis must be considered in a patient with respiratory symptoms after exposure to gemcitabine
- |||||||||| Venclexta (venetoclax) / Roche, AbbVie, Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
SECONDARY HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA IN CLL (ePoster Area [VIRTUAL]) - Jan 30, 2022 - Abstract #EBMT2022EBMT_1180;
Studies have reported that 10-44% of CLL develops HG at the time of diagnosis and 25-85% during treatment. Chemotherapy agents such as Anti-CD20 antibodies, BTK inhibitors, Phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitors, bcl-2 inhibitors, alkylating agents and purine analogs used in the treatment of CLL have been reported to cause SHG.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Clinical, Journal: Atypical bilateral acute retinal necrosis in a coronavirus disease 2019 positive immunosuppressed patient. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 21, 2022
It is interesting to note the high level of vitreous inflammation which would not be expected in an immunosuppressed state. We present a number of possible links between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the unusual ocular presentation of bilateral VZV viral retinitis in this patient.While extra ocular VZV outbreaks have been reported with rituximab treated patients, this report should also raise the awareness of VZV related viral retinitis in DLBCL patients on rituximab chemotherapy which is a very rare occurrence.This case may provide some evidence to healthcare policy makers who are making decisions regarding the re-introduction of routine Ophthalmic surgery.
- |||||||||| cyclosporine / Generic mfg.
Immunosuppressive Agents for Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome in adults：A Bayesian Network Analysis (Poster Area (Virtual)) - Jan 21, 2022 - Abstract #ISNWCN2022ISN_WCN_782;
Although in this systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies of patients with RNS and at least 6 months of follow-up, there was uncertainty around the estimates of effect size for change in remission for all comparison with placebo. Larger RCTs are needed to resolve the uncertainty around efficacy of medications for adult RNS.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Vasculitis damage index in Behçet's disease. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 25, 2021
Although continuous ibrutinib provides a better disease control in CLL, M-IGHV patients and those achieving an uMRD4 show a marked clinical benefit from a fixed-duration obinutuzumab-based therapy VDI is significantly associated with most disease parameters of BD, except for parameters such as mucocutaneous manifestations and uncomplicated venous thrombosis; however, further studies may be needed to establish BD-specific damage index.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Clinical, Journal: Treatment patterns and outcomes of unfit and elderly patients with Mantle cell lymphoma unfit for standard immunochemotherapy: A UK and Ireland analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 22, 2021
Regimens examined were rituximab-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone (R-CVP) (n = 19), dose-attenuated R-CHOP (n = 22), dose attenuated rituximab-bendamustine (n = 24) and rituximab-chlorambucil (n = 30)...Overall, survival after front-line dose-attenuated immunochemotherapy is unsatisfactory. Clinical trials investigating novel agents such as Bruton tyrosine kinase and B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors in this specific clinical setting are warranted.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Application of DNA-Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides for Cancer Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
To investigate the potential of compounds for cancer treatment, PI polyamides were conjugated with DNA-alkylating agents, such as seco-CBI and chlorambucil...Many of these types of conjugates have been developed as new candidates for anticancer drugs. Here, we review the recent progress into research on DNA-alkylating PI polyamides and their sequence-specific action on targets associated with cancer development.
- |||||||||| cyclosporine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Immunosuppressive treatment for primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
CNI (tacrolimus and cyclosporin) showed equivalency with alkylating agents however, the certainty of this evidence remains low. Novel immunosuppressive treatments with the biologic rituximab or use of adrenocorticotropic hormone require further investigation and validation in large and high-quality RCTs.
- |||||||||| Venclexta (venetoclax) / Roche, AbbVie, Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen
Clinical, Journal, HEOR, Combination therapy: Cost-effectiveness of a 12-month fixed-duration venetoclax treatment in combination with obinutuzumab in first-line, unfit chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the United States. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Davids has received consultancy fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Genentech Inc., Janssen, MEI Pharma, Novartis, Pharmacyclics, and Verastem; research funding from Ascentage Pharma, Genentech Inc., MEI Pharma, Pharmacyclics, Surface Oncology, TG Therapeutics, and Verastem; and has served on board of directors or advisory committees for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Eli Lilly, Genentech Inc., Janssen, Pharmacyclics, TG Therapeutics, and Verastem. This study was presented as a poster at ASH 61st Annual Meeting and Exposition; December 7-10, 2019; Orlando, FL.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK, Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Retrospective data, Journal: Multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Korea. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
This is one of the largest studies involving Korean patients with CLL. Although the patients had been treated with less favored treatment regimens, the outcomes were not different from those reported in Western studies.
- |||||||||| Leukeran (chlorambucil) / GSK
Journal: Chlorambucil-induced psoriasis: A rare entity. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Although the patients had been treated with less favored treatment regimens, the outcomes were not different from those reported in Western studies. No abstract available
- |||||||||| Gazyva (obinutuzumab) / Roche, Biogen
Purine Analogues Increase the Risk of Lethal and/or Prolonged COVID19 While Obinutuzumab Increases the Risk of Prolonged but Not Lethal Infection in Patients Treated for Lymphoid Malignancies –a Study of Krohem, the Croatian Group for Hematologic Diseases (GWCC - Hall B5, Level 1) - Nov 5, 2021 - Abstract #ASH2021ASH_5240;
Treatment regimens were divided into those containing purine analogues (PA), mainly bendamustine and fludarabine, standard-dose chemotherapy without PA (e.g. CHOP, CVP, chlorambucil, etc.), high-dose chemotherapy without PA (e.g. DHAP, ICE, etc.), B-cell receptor inhibitors (iBCR) and venetoclax...All of the 7 patients who received neither cytotoxic agents nor iBCR (4 were on rituximab monotherapy, 2 on cyclosporine and 1 on vemurafenib) recovered, none had prolonged infection...These drugs should probably be avoided in patients with indolent NHL and CLL, diseases for whom other effective treatments are available, during the current pandemia. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies seem to have a smaller effect on mortality, with obinutuzumab increasing the risk of prolonged disease, but not of death, in comparison to rituximab.
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