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Review, Journal: REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 20, 2019
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelics are capturing interest, with efforts underway to bring psilocybin therapy to marketing authorisation and legal access within a decade, spearheaded by the findings of a series of phase 2 trials...Towards this end, we have sought to integrate a leading model of global brain function, hierarchical predictive coding, with an often-cited model of the acute action of psychedelics, the entropic brain hypothesis. The resulting synthesis states that psychedelics work to relax high-level priors, sensitising them to liberated bottom-up information flow, which, with the right intention, care provision and context, can help guide and cultivate the revision of entrenched pathological priors.
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Journal: Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2019
The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora. The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.
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Journal: Psilocybin and MDMA reduce costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 28, 2019
We argue that these compounds altered participants' conceptualisation of 'social reward', placing more emphasis on the direct relationship with interacting partners. With these compounds showing efficacy in drug-assisted psychotherapy, these studies are an important step in the further characterisation of their psychological effects.
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Journal: Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2019
Within the past five years, clinical research with LSD has begun in Europe, but there has been none in the U.S. LSD is proving to be a powerful tool to help understand brain dynamics when combined with modern brain imaging methods. It remains to be seen whether therapeutic value for LSD can be confirmed in controlled clinical trials, but promising results have been obtained in small pilot trials of depression, anxiety, and addictions using psilocybin, a related psychedelic molecule.
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Journal: Psychedelics and Personality. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2019
The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood but seem to involve changes in bran dynamics in areas rich in serotonergic 5-HT receptors and in personality. In the present text, we present a brief and critical overview of the current research in this field, pointing out both promises and limitations of these studies.
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Journal: Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Psilocybin. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2019
Recently, however, preliminary studies with psilocybin have shown promise as potential for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol addiction, tobacco addiction, major depressive disorder, and the treatment of depression in terminally ill cancer patients. This review describes in detail the synthesis, metabolism, pharmacology, ADRs and importance of psilocybin to neuroscience in the past and present.
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Journal: Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2019
Its structure can be found embedded within those of better-known molecules such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin...In this review, we cover the synthesis of DMT as well as its pharmacology, metabolism, adverse effects, and potential use in medicine. Finally, we discuss the history of DMT in chemical neuroscience and why this underappreciated molecule is so important to the field of psychedelic science.
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Journal: DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ibogaine. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2019
Clinical trials of 18-MC treatment of nicotine addiction are pending. Ibogaine analogs may also hold promise for treating anxiety and depression via the "psychedelic-assisted therapy" approach that employs hallucinogens including psilocybin and methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy").
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Journal: Rapid-Acting Antidepressants. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 8, 2019
Promising clinical findings exist for several compounds including ketamine and other NMDA receptor antagonists, scopolamine, and psilocybin. Two compounds are in late stage clinical development: GLYX-13 (Rapastinel) and eskekamine.
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Journal: Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2019
Although it would be premature to infer causality from this small study, the possibility of drug-induced changes in belief systems seems sufficiently intriguing and timely to deserve further investigation. These findings extend prior research showing a negative relationship between psychedelic use and intimate partner violence, and highlight the potential role of emotion regulation in this association.
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Journal: Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: Qualitative analysis of participant accounts. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2019
The findings highlight the value of qualitative research in the psychopharmacological investigation of psychedelics. They describe perceived connections between drug- and non-drug factors, and provide suggestions for future research trial design and clinical applications.
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Clinical, Journal: High dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 2, 2019
They describe perceived connections between drug- and non-drug factors, and provide suggestions for future research trial design and clinical applications. High doses of psilocybin elicited subjective effects at least as strong as the lower doses and resulted in positive persisting subjective effects 30 days after, indicating that a complete mystical experience was not a prerequisite for positive outcomes.
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Journal: Taking Psychedelics Seriously. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 31, 2019
The federal expanded access program and right-to-try laws in multiple states provide precendents for giving terminally ill patients access to medications that have not yet earned FDA approval. Given the prevalence of persistent suffering and growing acceptance of physician-hastened death as a medical response, it is time to revisit the legitimate therapeutic use of psychedelics.
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Journal: Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 29, 2019
Analogously to their parent compounds and other classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, NBOMes are believed to exert their main pharmacological effects through activation of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors...However, in addition to their recreational use, the NBOMe class has yielded several important biochemical tools, including [11C]Cimbi-36, which is now being used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the mammalian brain, and 25CN-NBOH, one of the most selective 5-HT2A receptor agonists developed to date. In this review, the history, chemistry and structure-activity relationships, ADME properties and safety profiles of NBOMes will be outlined and discussed.
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Journal: Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
The recent success of these agonists, also known as psychedelics, like psilocybin for the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and addiction, has ushered in a renaissance in the way these compounds are perceived in the medical community and populace at large...It also examines potential mechanisms by which 5-HT agonists produce their therapeutic effects. Overall, psychedelics regulate inflammatory pathways via novel mechanisms, and may represent a new and exciting treatment strategy for several inflammatory disorders.
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Journal: Therapeutic use of classic psychedelics to treat cancer-related psychiatric distress. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
Six open label trials, published between 1964 and 1980 (n = 341), suggested that psychedelic therapy (mostly with LSD) may improve cancer-related depression, anxiety, and fear of death. Four RCTs trials were published between 2011 and 2016 (n = 104), mostly with psilocybin treatment (n = 92), and demonstrated that psychedelic-assisted treatment can produce rapid, robust, and sustained improvements in cancer-related psychological and existential distress.
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Journal: Psychedelics and music: neuroscience and therapeutic implications. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
Recent findings point to the potential of music to support meaning-making, emotionality, and mental imagery after the administration of psychedelics, and suggest that music plays an important role in facilitating positive clinical outcomes of psychedelic therapy. This review explores the history of, contemporary research on, and future directions regarding the use of music in psychedelic research and therapy, and argues for more detailed and rigorous investigation of the contribution of music to the treatment of psychiatric disorders within the novel framework of psychedelic therapy.
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Journal: Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
The small self is conceptualized as key to understanding the downstream effects of mystical experience occasioned in the context of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. With this novel theoretical framework in mind, a number of clinical implications and recommendations are provided so as to advance this incipient field of study.
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Clinical, Journal: Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
More recently, clinical and pharmacological research has revisited the effects and therapeutic potential of psychedelics utilizing a variety of approaches. The current article provides an overview of past and present models of psychedelic therapy, and discusses important considerations for future interventions incorporating the use of psychedelics in research and clinical practice.
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