pitavastatin / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  In silico interactions of statins with cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA). (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 4, 2021   
    The docking results indicated that atorvastatin and rosuvastatin showed the best interaction energy (-8.51 and -8.04 kcal/mol, respectively) followed by fluvastatin (-7.39), pitavastatin (-6.5), lovastatin (-6.23), pravastatin (-6.04) and simvastatin (-5.29)...Since two arginine residues -ARG19 and ARG22-were identified to be common for the interaction with CIDEA, a single-point mutation was induced in these residues to determine whether they are important for binding interaction. Mutation of these two residues seems to affect mostly the interaction of atorvastatin with CIDEA, suggesting that they are important for the binding and therefore indicate another possible metabolic mechanism of the pleiotropic effects of this statin.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Comparison of Transcriptomic Profiles of MiaPaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells Treated with Different Statins. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 31, 2021   
    However, their inhibitory action also causes depletion of downstream intermediates of the pathway, resulting in the pleiotropic effects of statins, including the beneficial impact in the treatment of cancer. In our study, we compared the effect of all eight existing statins on the expression of genes, the products of which are implicated in cancer inhibition and suggested the molecular mechanisms of their action in epigenetic and posttranslational regulation, and in cell-cycle arrest, death, migration, or invasion of the cancer cells.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Biomarker, Journal:  Pitavastatin prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by regulating osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic formation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 30, 2021   
    Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of pitavastatin in ovariectomy-induced systematic bone loss based on micro-computed tomography and histological analysis of femurs. Our findings demonstrated a new function and mechanism for pitavastatin in bone remodeling, indicating its potential as a therapeutic candidate in treating osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastic resorption and promoting osteoblastic formation.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Acute Statin Administration Reduces Levels of Steroid Hormone Precursors. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 29, 2021   
    Fourteen subjects not taking statins were administered a single oral dose (2 mg) of pitavastatin...A parallel study in mice entailed the administration of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) via orogastric delivery for three consecutive days...We conclude that acute dysregulation of the production of certain glucocorticoid precursor molecules was observed after a single treatment with a lipophilic statin drug. This may be of clinical relevance for individuals with underlying or subclinical adrenal insufficiency.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    [VIRTUAL] Targeting ESR1 in breast cancer treatment: Repurposing of statins () -  Jul 22, 2021 - Abstract #ESMO2021ESMO_1586;    
    The study indicates that the drugs, simvastatin, lovastatin and mevastatin could be effective drugs in breast cancer treatment. However, further studies including in vitro and in vivo tests will be required to investigate their safety, efficacy and dosing profiles.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Review, Journal:  Diabetogenic effects of cardioprotective drugs. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 11, 2021   
    Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, low dose diuretics, vasodilating beta blockers, alfa-blockers and pitavastatin have little or no effect on glycemic control. Blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, colesevelam, ranolazine and verapamil through slowing breakdown of bradykinin, vasodilation, increasing cholecystokinin levels, blocking sodium channels, and decreasing beta cell apoptosis may improve glycemic control and avoid the development of diabetes.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal, PARP Biomarker:  Pitavastatin and metformin synergistically activate apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    These findings clearly indicated that metformin plus pitavastatin had a synergistic anticancer effect on pancreatic cancer cells, potentially caused due to the activation of AMPK and inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling. Altogether, our results provide that use of metformin plus pitavastatin maybe serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer in future.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Clinical, Journal:  Real-life management of drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and statins. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 26, 2021   
    Suboptimal management of DDIs with statin underdosing was observed in 29% of prescriptions. Integrase inhibitor-based regimens and/or treatment with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin should be favoured in patients with refractory dyslipidaemia.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors as Drug Leads against Naegleria fowleri. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Pre-treatment of trophozoites with mevalonate, the product of HMGR, rescued N. fowleri from inhibitory effects of statins, demonstrating that HMGR of N. fowleri is the target of statins. Because of the good safety profile and availability for both adult and pediatric uses, consideration should be given to repurposing the fast-acting pitavastatin for the treatment of PAM.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Evaluation of hepatic uptake of OATP1B substrates by short term-cultured plated human hepatocytes: Comparison with isolated suspended hepatocytes. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    For pravastatin and dehydropravastatin, hydrophilic compounds with low uptake/cellular binding, their PS and C/M ratio in PHH were 1.8- to 3.2-fold lower than those in SHH...The C/M ratios obtained using PHH were stable over an extended time, making PHH suitable to estimate the C/M ratios and hepatocyte-to-medium unbound concentration ratios (K). In conclusion, PHH is useful in evaluating hepatic uptake/efflux clearances and K of OATP1B substrates in a high-throughput manner, however, a caution is warranted for hydrophilic drugs with low uptake/cellular binding.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Review, Journal:  Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Statins? (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    The predominantly lipophilic statins (simvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin and atorvastatin) can easily enter cells, whereas hydrophilic statins (rosuvastatin and pravastatin) present greater hepatoselectivity...Furthermore, adverse events with statin therapy may also be related to their solubility profile. Thus, the aim of the present review was to collect clinical evidence on possible differences in cardiovascular outcomes among statins when their solubility profile is considered, and how this may also be related to the occurrence of statin-related adverse effects.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    [VIRTUAL] The Metabolic Effects of Initiation Pitavastatin vs. Rosuvastatin: Twelve Months Real-World Data on Hyperlipidemic Patients with and without Diabetes (DM) () -  May 29, 2021 - Abstract #ADA2021ADA_1722;    
    Thus, the aim of the present review was to collect clinical evidence on possible differences in cardiovascular outcomes among statins when their solubility profile is considered, and how this may also be related to the occurrence of statin-related adverse effects. In accordance to prospective studies, this retrospective short term “real world” study highlights the rosuvastatin-induced carbohydrate metabolism disorder and the favorable effects of pitavastatin in glucose metabolism and biochemical liver markers, as well as the beneficial effect on lipid profile, regardless the presence of DM.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Review, Journal:  Potential Alteration of Statin-Related Pharmacological Features in Diabetes Mellitus. (Pubmed Central) -  May 26, 2021   
    Plasma and serum concentrations of statins were accompanied by alteration in cellular activities including oxidative stress, Akt inhibition, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylation that were reflected in changes in the adverse drug reaction profile of the differing statins. Given that dyslipidemia frequently accompanies diabetes and statin therapy is common, more clinical studies are needed regarding the effects of diabetes on the effectiveness of these drugs.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Clinical, Journal:  A Microdose Cocktail to Evaluate Drug Interactions in Patients with Renal Impairment. (Pubmed Central) -  May 22, 2021   
    RI alone had no impact on midazolam (MDZ), maximum plasma concentration (C ), and area under the curve (AUC), but a progressive increase in AUC with RI severity for dabigatran (DABI), and up to ~2-fold higher AUC for pitavastatin (PTV), rosuvastatin (RSV), and atorvastatin (ATV) for all degrees of RI was observed...The DABI, RSV and ATV data suggest an impact of RI on intestinal P-gp, and potentially BCRP activity. Therefore, DDI data from healthy volunteers may represent a worst-case scenario for clinically de-risking P-gp and BCRP substrates in the setting of RI.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Method development for quantitative determination of seven statins including four active metabolites by means of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry applicable for adherence testing and therapeutic drug monitoring. (Pubmed Central) -  May 21, 2021   
    Methods Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin, as well as ortho- and para-hydroxy-atorvastatin, lovastatin hydroxy acid and simvastatin hydroxy acid were included and several internal standards (IS) tested...Results Due to an analytical interference of atorvastatin-d5, diazepam-d5 and pentobarbital-d5 were chosen as IS for positive and negative ionization mode, respectively...However, nothing was known concerning patients' adherence and time between intake and sampling. Conclusions An LC-HRMS/MS method for identification and quantification of atorvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and four active metabolites was successfully developed and applicability demonstrated.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  The Anti-Cancer Effect of Pitavastatin May Be a Drug-Specific Effect: Subgroup Analysis of the TOHO-LIP Study. (Pubmed Central) -  May 20, 2021   
    This finding might reveal the superiority of pitavastatin to prevent carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism by which pitavastatin suppresses the incidence of any-organ cancer is gradually elucidated, and new combination of cancer treatments with pitavastatin will be developed in the future to further enhance the anti-cancer activity and reduce the side effects.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Statin therapy increases lipoprotein(a) levels. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    This meta-analysis reveals that statins significantly increase plasma Lp(a) levels. Elevations of Lp(a) post-statin therapy should be studied for effects on residual cardiovascular risk.
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  Anti-atherosclerotic vaccination against Porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential comparator of statin in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Then, the mice were grouped to undergo four treatment conditions (i.e., no treatment, pitavastatin, vaccine, or pitavastatin with vaccine)...When both vaccine and statin were used, no clear synergistic effect was observed as opposed to expectation. This study revealed that nasal immunization of heat shock P. gingivalis has a significant impact on the prevention of arteriosclerosis and acts as a potential comparator of statin.
  • ||||||||||  pitavastatin / Generic mfg.
    Trial withdrawal:  Efficacy & Long-term Safety Comparison Study of NK-104-CR & Livalo (clinicaltrials.gov) -  May 10, 2021   
    P3,  N=0, Withdrawn, 
    This study revealed that nasal immunization of heat shock P. gingivalis has a significant impact on the prevention of arteriosclerosis and acts as a potential comparator of statin. Terminated --> Withdrawn
  • ||||||||||  Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Pitavastatin induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma through activation of FOXO3a. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 30, 2021   
    Taken together, our findings suggest that pitavastatin activates the FOXO3a/PUMA apoptotic axis by regulation of nuclear translocation of FOXO3a via Akt/FOXO3a or AMPK/FOXO3a signalling. Therefore, these findings might help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effects of pitavastatin on OSCC.
  • ||||||||||  pitavastatin / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment closed, Enrollment change:  DO-IT: Dyslipidemia of Obesity Intervention in Teens (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 22, 2021   
    P3,  N=122, Active, not recruiting, 
    Specificity performed during method validation, confirmed that the method was suitable for accurate detection and quantification of the statins when included in the transdermal formulations with other excipients. Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=354 --> 122