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70 Trials |  |
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- || citalopram / Generic mfg., paroxetine / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: The Association between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2020
Individuals prescribed fluoxetine, paroxetine, or citalopram had a reduced risk of bladder cancer in this large, cross-national database.
- ||| Clinical, Journal, Adverse events: Safety of 80 antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-attention-deficit/hyperactivity medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a large scale systematic meta-review of 78 adverse effects. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2020
Nausea/vomiting and discontinuation due to adverse event were most frequently associated with antidepressants; sedation, extrapyramidal side effects, and weight gain with antipsychotics; anorexia and insomnia with anti-ADHD medications; sedation and weight gain with mood stabilizers. The results of this comprehensive and updated quantitative systematic meta-review of top-tier evidence regarding the safety of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-ADHD medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents can inform clinical practice, research and treatment guidelines.
- |||| fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical: Results from #EFFECTS - primary outcome neutral; no benefits of fluoxetine on functional outcome. #ESOWSO2020 #clinicaltrial @lundstrom_erik @UU_University (Twitter) - May 13, 2020
- |||| fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical: #ESOWSO2020 webinar on large #ClinicalTrials starting soon! 🕐Looking forward to the results of the #RCTs of #fluoxetine in #stroke #AFFINITY #EFFECTS . Join the #webinar here: https://t.co/BqruW5o0gG #stroke #recovery #SSRI @lundstrom_erik @WorldStrokeOrg @WStrokeCampaign (Twitter) - May 13, 2020
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Serotonergically dependent antidepressant-like activity on behavior and stress axis responsivity of acacetin. (Pubmed Central) - May 13, 2020
In vitro, acacetin (1-100 nM) increased the Emax of 8-OH-DPAT. Collectively, these findings confirm that chronic acatetin administration to mice engenders antidepressant-like efficacy on both behavior and stress axis responsivity, with serotonergic system that preferentially couples with 5-HT receptors being critically involved.
- || Clinical, Journal: Reducing Inappropriate Drug Use in Older Patients by Use of Clinical Decision Support in Community Pharmacy: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation. (Pubmed Central) - May 13, 2020
This study found that clinical rules can be used to detect inappropriate drug use in older patients and that drug therapy can change based on the alerts. This suggests that CDSS alerts are a useful tool for implementing guidelines on PIM in older patients in daily practice.
- | Journal: Drugs for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - May 13, 2020
This suggests that CDSS alerts are a useful tool for implementing guidelines on PIM in older patients in daily practice. No abstract available
- | venlafaxine / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in aqueous solutions using UV/peracetic acid process: Kinetics, degradation pathways and comparison with UV/HO. (Pubmed Central) - May 11, 2020
Results demonstrated that 70% of PAA by mass was ultimately converted to acetic acid and remained in the treated solutions. Hydroxyl radical attack is hypothesized to be the main mechanism of degradation by UV/PAA as degradation intermediates identified for all the target pharmaceuticals coincided with by-products identified during UV/HO process.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: GluD1 knockout mice with a pure C57BL/6N background show impaired fear memory, social interaction, and enhanced depressive-like behavior. (Pubmed Central) - May 11, 2020
In addition, biochemical analysis revealed no significant difference in protein expression levels, such as other glutamate receptors in the synaptosome and postsynaptic densities prepared from the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. These results suggest that GluD1 plays critical roles in fear memory, sociability, and depressive-like behavior.
- || fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, P2 data, Journal: Combining Fluoxetine and rTMS in Poststroke Motor Recovery: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial. (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2020
Combined fluoxetine and rTMS treatment leads to better motor function in stroke than fluoxetine alone and placebo. Moreover, fluoxetine leads to smaller improvements than placebo, and fluoxetine's effects on intracortical facilitation suggest a potential diffuse mechanism that may hinder beneficial plasticity on motor recovery.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Fructo-oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis remodeled gut microbiota and alleviated depression features in a stress rat model. (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2020
Moreover, fluoxetine leads to smaller improvements than placebo, and fluoxetine's effects on intracortical facilitation suggest a potential diffuse mechanism that may hinder beneficial plasticity on motor recovery. In conclusion, this study implied that antidepressant efficacy of FOSs was inseparable from and strongly associated with the modulation of the host' s GM.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Postnatal outcomes in lambs exposed antenatally and acutely postnatally to fluoxetine. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
This abnormal postnatal hyperactivity with antenatal FX exposure may reflect increased maturity in terms of locomotory activity. The results suggest that altered brain development may be involved in the poor neonatal adaptation in human infants exposed to FX in utero.
- | Journal: Functional and structural characterisation of common cytochrome P450 2D6 allelic variants-roles of Pro34 and Thr107 in catalysis and inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
IC values however were quite variable for quinidine, fluoxetine and terbinafine, and a general decrease in IC was observed for paroxetine, suggesting ligand-specific altered susceptibility to inhibition in the alleles. This study indicates that CYP2D6 allele selectivity for ligands was not solely governed by changes in the active site architecture induced by the mutations, but that the intrinsic properties of the substrates and inhibitors also played vital role.
- || Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for OSA in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
In the network meta-analysis (I = 50%) nine drugs (tramazoline, liraglutide, spironolactone/furosemide, acetazolamide, dronabinol, zonisamide, phentermine, spironolactone, and ondansetron/fluoxetine) significantly lowered the AHI compared to placebo...The effect sizes were small, the majority of trials were not adequately powered. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any pharmacotherapy for OSA and no phase-III trials are available.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Pharmacological Enhancement of Stroke Recovery. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
Another drug that has recently been shown to have potential to promote motor recovery after stroke is maraviroc, an inhibitor of C-C chemokine receptor 5 that is involved in learning and memory...There has also been little focus on trying to distinguish processes that promote true behavioral recovery versus those that improve task success through use of compensatory strategies. Incorporation of sensitive and detailed outcome measures that assess movement quality as well as task success in both preclinical and clinical studies are needed to further elucidate appropriate drug targets and improve the translation of preclinical findings into successful clinical trials.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Sexually dimorphic responses of rats to fluoxetine in the forced swimming test are unrelated to the function of the serotonin transporter in the brain. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
In summary, rats responded to the chronic treatment with fluoxetine in a sexually dimorphic fashion during the rFST despite the functioning of SERT in their brains remaining equally unchanged. Hence, our data suggest that sexually dimorphic responses to fluoxetine in rFST may be unrelated to the function of SERT in rat brains.
- ||||| fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical: Fluoxetine in stroke rehabilitation – should we or shouldn’t we? Find out in our upcoming live presentation of the EFFECTS and AFFINITY trials! Join us on 13 May at 13:00 CET; watch the talks, ask your questions, get involved. #stroke #strokecare #clinicaltrials @lundstrom_erik (Twitter) - May 7, 2020
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg., amantadine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Effects of Blockage of Peripheral Choline, Serotonin, and Dopamine Receptors on Heart Rhythm Variability in Rats under Conditions of Stimulation of Neurotransmitter Systems. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
It can be hypothesized that serotonin- and dopaminergic systems affect the heart rhythm via cardiomyocyte receptors and via modulation of activity of the adrenergic and cholinergic systems. The effects of serotonin- and dopaminergic systems can be considered as synergic in the CNS, and antagonistic at the periphery.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
New P4 trial: Fluoxetine to Reduce Intubation and Death After COVID19 Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 6, 2020
P4, N=2000, Recruiting, Sponsor: University of Toledo Health Science Campus
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Just like @LillyPad's Prozac... (Twitter) - May 1, 2020
- | ondansetron / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Contribution of serotonergic and nitrergic pathways, as well as monoamine oxidase-a and Na, K-ATPase enzymes in antidepressant-like action of ((4-tert-butylcyclohexylidene) methyl) (4-methoxystyryl) sulfide (BMMS). (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2020
The anti-immobility effect of BMMS (10 mg / kg, i.g.) was not avoided by pretreatment with MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg, s.c. a non-competitive N-methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor) in the TST...In conclusion, BMMS exerted an antidepressant-like effect in mice and serotonergic and nitrergic systems are involved in the antidepressant-like action of compound. BMMS modulated MAO-A and Na, K- ATPase activities in prefrontal cortex of mice.
- | hypidone hydrochloride / Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences, fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: The faster-onset antidepressant effects of hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919). (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2020
Meanwhile, the dendritic complexity of pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC) were also increased in the CUS rats. These data suggest that YL-0919 exerts a faster antidepressant-like effect on behaviors and this effect maybe at least partially mediated by the BDNF-mTOR signaling related dendritic complexity increase in the PFC.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: The influence of CaMKII and ERK phosphorylation on BDNF changes observed in mice selectively devoid of CREB in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurons. (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2020
These data suggest that YL-0919 exerts a faster antidepressant-like effect on behaviors and this effect maybe at least partially mediated by the BDNF-mTOR signaling related dendritic complexity increase in the PFC. Our study highlights the pivotal role of CREB in response to antidepressants, emphasizing different sex-dependent vulnerabilities to particular drugs and the important impact of CREM on the effects of CREB deletion.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Enhanced Renewal of Erythroid Progenitors in Myelodysplastic Anemia by Peripheral Serotonin. (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2020
We identify, both in human and murine erythroid progenitors, a functional cell-autonomous serotonergic network with pro-survival and proliferative functions. In vivo studies demonstrate that pharmacological increase of serotonin levels using fluoxetine, a common antidepressant, has the potential to become an important therapeutic strategy in low-risk MDS anemia refractory to erythropoietin.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Relevance of Glutathione Reductase Inhibition by Fluoxetine to Human Health and Disease: Insights Derived from a Combined Kinetic and Docking Study. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2020
The observed difference in inhibition types was attributed to the binding of FLU in the large intermonomer cavity of GR, where it hampered catalysis and interfered with substrate binding. Overall, although it is anticipated that long-term use of FLU leads to acquired GR deficiency, the inhibitory action of FLU on GR may be therapeutically exploited in anti-cancer research.
- || fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: A Comparative Study of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation as an Adjunct to Pharmaceutical Therapy for Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2020
The recovery rate was faster in the mean muscle pain, general pain reported by patients, pain in the masseter and pterygoid muscles and pain and limitation in lateral movements in both laser + medication and TENS groups. Combination of LLLT and TENS with medication accelerated pain relief and resolved movement restrictions in MPDS patients.(IRCT registration number: IRCT201411113144N4).
- | methylphenidate tablet / Generic mfg., bupropion / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Effects of different pharmacologic smoking cessation treatments on body weight changes and success rates in patients with nicotine dependence: A network meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 29, 2020
In addition, the nicotine patch plus topiramate and nicotine inhaler was associated with the best success rate and the least dropout rate, respectively. Overall, the nicotine patch 14 mg plus fluoxetine 40 mg, nicotine patch 14 mg plus fluoxetine 20 mg, and topiramate 200 mg would be the three best pharmacologic treatments based upon both weight gain effect and success rate.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Persistent alterations in seizure susceptibility, drug responsiveness and comorbidities associated with chemical kindling after neonatal exposure to an organophosphate. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 29, 2020
The recent finding, together with lack of difference in the sweet taste preference, suggests that mechanism beyond the reduction of serotonergic activity underlie the increased depressive-like behavior in this animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the potential contribution of developmental exposure to an OP in susceptibility to antiepileptic drug resistance and alteration of seizure-induced behavioral deficits.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Fluoxetine ameliorates dysbiosis in a depression model induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2020
Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated strong correlations between gut microbiota and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. This study revealed that fluoxetine led to restoration of dysbiosis induced by stress stimulation, which may imply a possible pathway through which one CNS target drug plays its role in reshaping the gut microbiota.
- || Clinical, Journal: Erratum to: Pancytopenia and Septic Infection Caused by Concurrent Use of Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine: A Case Report Illustrating the Importance of Clinical Pharmacist Consultation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2020
Am J Case Rep 2019; 20: 1245-1247. DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.914166.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Microwave-assisted extraction and differential scanning calorimetry in the chemical identification of sliming agents apprehended in the south region of Brazil. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry confirmed the presence of adulterants such as caffeine, fluoxetine and phenolphthalein as well as contaminants such as sulfurol in the falsified samples. Finally, comparison of extraction procedures indicated that microwave-assisted extraction increased the recovery of compounds detected in chromatographic analysis to a greater extent than solid-liquid extraction.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Responsivity of Lateral Septum-mPFC Connections in Alloxan-induced Hyperglycemia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
Such similar actions were confirmed in the forced swim test, in which the antidepressant-like effects of insulin partially resembled the effects of fluoxetine. The changes that were observed in the alloxan group appeared to be related to neuronal damage, and a low dose of insulin exerted some antidepressant-like actions.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg., Edronax (reboxetine) / Pfizer
Preclinical, Journal: Monoaminergic system is implicated in the antidepressant-like effect of hyperoside and protocatechuic acid isolated from Impatiens glandulifera Royle in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
In addition, HYP (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg) and PCA (7.5 mg/kg) improved the expression of hippocampal BDNF of mice subjected to TST. Altogether, our findings suggest that HYP and PCA exert antidepressant-like effects in mice, which was possibly mediated by monoaminergic system and the upregulation of BDNF level.
- || fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
We identified potential improvements in disability only in the analyses which included trials at high risk of bias. A further meta-analysis of large ongoing trials will be required to determine the generalisability of these findings.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Immunohistological Biomarkers of Toxicity by a Pharmaceutical Antidepressant in the Freshwater Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Cichliformes). (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
Fluoxetine (FLX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant, can cause neuroendocrine, behavioral and reproductive alterations in teleost fish...An increase in the proportion of the HK occupied by MMCs was observed in FLX-exposed fish, due to an increase in their number but not their area. The deposition rate of MMCs varies according to the hemolymphopoietic organ and would be the result of a differential response to FLX on homeostatic functions (elimination of cellular debris, iron processing and immune response).
- || Clinical, Journal: Table: Safety of drugs for IBS in pregnancy and lactation (online only). (Pubmed Central) - Apr 25, 2020
The deposition rate of MMCs varies according to the hemolymphopoietic organ and would be the result of a differential response to FLX on homeostatic functions (elimination of cellular debris, iron processing and immune response). No abstract available
- fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Suppress IL-33-Mediated Mast Cell Function (Board Number: P277) - Apr 25, 2020 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2020IMMUNOLOGY_2050;
We show that the SSRI fluoxetine inhibits IL-33-mediated cytokine production in mouse bone marrow derived mast cells in vitro and reduces IL-33-induced peritonitis in vivo. These data indicate that fluoxetine may be an effective therapeutic for IL-33- and mast cell-associated diseases.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg., propranolol / Generic mfg.
Journal: Depressed, hypertense and sore: Long-term effects of fluoxetine, propranolol and diclofenac exposure in a top predator fish. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 23, 2020
The diverse response patterns evidence the need for future research focused on pharmaceuticals with different modes of action and their exposure effects on organismal physiological mechanisms and homeostatic status. Ultimately, the combination of sub-individual and individual responses is key for ecologically relevant assessments of pharmaceutical toxicity.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Lutein prevents corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice with the involvement of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 22, 2020
Thus, this study sought to evaluate antidepressant-like, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of LUT (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) given orally (p.o.), acute, 7 or 21 days, once a day, in combination or not with corticosterone (20 mg/kg) in mice...Our results demonstrated that LUT treatment presented an antidepressant-like effect with the involvement of oxidative stress and neurochemical abnormalities amelioration. Therefore, LUT, widely used for therapy of macular degeneration emerge as a promising agent useful in the management of depression.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Fluoxetine suppresses inflammatory reaction in microglia under OGD/R challenge via modulation of NF-κB signalling. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 22, 2020
Knocking down IκB-α attenuated the decreasing effect of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R led to by fluoxetine. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine and its mechanisms related to the modulation of NF-κB-related signalling in MG under ischemia/reperfusion challenge.
- || venlafaxine / Generic mfg., bupropion / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 22, 2020
Herbal medicine and mirtazapine had no significant difference in overall risk of adverse events compared with placebo. Acupuncture, CBT, physical exercise and probiotics were lack of eligible safety data.
- || atomoxetine / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg., duloxetine delayed release / Generic mfg.
Preclinical: @LillyPad Good day, please may you confirm if the following products contain gelatine and if it is of porcine or bovine origin: 1. Strattera caps 2. Cymbalta caps 3. Lily-fluoxetine 4. Prozac 20mg caps. Thank you (Twitter) - Apr 21, 2020
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Stems (Hegeng) Improved Depression Behavior in CUMS Mice by Regulating NCAM and GAP-43 Expression. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 21, 2020
Depression-like behaviors increased in the CUMS group compared with the control (CON) group, while they were reduced in the high-dose HG (H-HG) and fluoxetine (FLU) groups (p < 0.05)...These findings show the potential antidepressant effects of HG through mechanisms involving regulation of NCAM and GAP-43. This provides a new theoretical basis for its potential application as an antidepressant-like agent.
- | Retrospective data, Journal: Feline hyperaesthesia syndrome with self-trauma to the tail: retrospective study of seven cases and proposal for integrated multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 17, 2020
The diagnostic work-up did not reveal any significant abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system; dermatological and behavioural problems could not be ruled out. We propose an integrated multidisciplinary diagnostic pathway to be used for the management of clinical cases and for future prospective studies.
- | fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Journal: In utero and lactational exposure to the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor fluoxetine compromises pup bones at weaning. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 17, 2020
We found that peripartum exposure to 20 mg/kg fluoxetine reduced femoral bone mineral density and bone volume fraction, negatively impacted trabecular and cortical parameters, and resulted in shorter femurs on postnatal day 21. Although SSRIs are considered the first-choice antidepressant for pregnant and lactating women due to a low side effect profile, SSRI exposure may compromise fetal and neonatal bone development.
- fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
The Ameliorative Effect of Fluoxetine on Neuroinflammation Induced by Sleep Deprivation () - Apr 17, 2020 - Abstract #NDS2020NDS_102;
- Trintellix (vortioxetine) / Lundbeck, Takeda, fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Serotonin 3 Receptor Blockade is Involved in Vortioxetine -Induced Prevention of Anxiety/Depression Relapse Phenotype (Americas Hall I & II) - Apr 17, 2020 - Abstract #SOBP2020SOBP_1622;
Thus, the blockade of 5-HT3R in combination with an SSRI induces long lasting anxiolytic/antidepressant effects and resilience to stress. Funding Source: Lundbeck INc.
- fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Influence of Fluoxetine on Perseverative Behavior-Related Activity in Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (Americas Hall I & II) - Apr 17, 2020 - Abstract #SOBP2020SOBP_1534;
Fluoxetine-associated decreases in the Sapap3-KO perseverative grooming phenotype may be caused by weakened LOFC representations of grooming due to a reduction in the number of grooming-associated inhibited neurons. Funding Source: NIMH R21 MH116330
- fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Improved Cognitive Functions and Neurotrophic Effects of a Novel Molecule Enhancing 5-GABA-A Receptor Function in Adult or Aged Mice (Americas Hall I & II) - Apr 17, 2020 - Abstract #SOBP2020SOBP_1520;
Chronic GL-II-73 treatment reverses neuronal atrophy occurring during aging and increases all steps of hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying efficacies in addition to its previously-reported therapeutic efficacies. Funding Source: CAMH Discovery Fund
- fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
Investigating the Role of Striatal Neuron Subtypes in Compulsive Behavior and Treatment Response () - Apr 17, 2020 - Abstract #SOBP2020SOBP_654;
Contrary to expectations, D1-SPNs had decreased activity compared to WT at compulsive grooming initiation, while D2-SPN activity was increased. These data suggest a novel model in which excessive activity in D2-SPNs promotes compulsive behaviors, which may guide new treatment development.