nimodipine / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Vasorelaxing cell permeant phosphopeptide mimetics for subarachnoid hemorrhage. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 20, 2021   
    A family of cell permeant phosphomimetic of VASP (VP) were designed and shown to have vasorelaxing property that is synergistic with nimodipine in intact vascular tissues ex vivo. Hence, treatment targeting the downstream effector of the NO signaling pathway, VASP, may bypass receptors and signaling elements leading to vasorelaxation and that treatment with VP can be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SAH induced vasospasm and ameliorate neurological deficits.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    New P2 trial:  Nimodipine in Vestibular Schwanommas (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 17, 2021   
    P2,  N=30, Not yet recruiting, 
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) caused by over-the-counter calcium supplement ingestion. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 4, 2021   
    These findings were consistent with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.Appropriate blood pressure control with parenteral agents, calcium channel blockade with nimodipine and supportive care therapies resulted in significant improvement in neurologic status. By discharge, patient had near-complete resolution of neurologic symptoms.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Nimodipine promotes neurite outgrowth and protects against neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 2, 2021   
    Nimodipine exhibited neuroprotective effects against HO- and calcium ionophore-induced neurotoxicity by increasing the mRNA expression levels of neurotrophic factors, calcium-binding proteins, and antioxidants that are transcribed by CREB activation. This is the first report that nimodipine induces neurite outgrowth and exerts its neuroprotective activity through the ERK/CREB signaling pathway in PC12 cells.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, PK/PD data, Review, Journal:  Nimodipine Pharmacokinetic Variability in Various Patient Populations. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 17, 2021   
    It is not clear if minimal or lack of systemic exposure to nimodipine denies its benefit and contributes to worsening outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Further studies are needed to determine if such an association exists.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Diurnal properties of voltage-gated Ca currents in SCN and roles in action potential firing. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 16, 2021   
    Ca channels regulate action potential activity across many types of excitable cells, and the activity of L-, N-, P/Q-, R-type channels are required for normal daytime firing frequency in SCN neurons and circuit rhythms. Only the L-type Ca current exhibits a day versus night difference in current magnitude, providing insight into the mechanism which produces rhythmic action potential firing in SCN.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Electrospun Nimodipine-loaded fibers for nerve regeneration: development and in vitro performance. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 10, 2021   
    In contrast, the electrospun fibers were able to significantly reduce cell death in in vitro cell models of oxidative, osmotic and heat-induced cell stress in Schwann cells, neuronal cells as well as immortalized and primary astrocytes. Therefore, electrospun Nimodipine loaded PLGA fibers represent a promising drug delivery system to realize the druǵs benefits for its intracranial use.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel pharmacological modulation of dystonic phenotypes caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the Na+ leak-current channel. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 2, 2021   
    Drug screening revealed that 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-ABP), nifedipine, nimodipine, flunarizine and ethoxzolamide significantly decreased abnormal movements in unc-77(e625) animals...Moreover, 2-APB and flunarizine showed significant structural similarities suggestive of overlap in their mode of action. Together, these studies have revealed new insights into regulation of NALCN function and led to the discovery of a potential pharmacological antagonist of the NALCN.
  • ||||||||||  atorvastatin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Atorvastatin reduces cerebral vasospasm and infarction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly Chinese adults. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2021   
    The incidence of postoperative cerebral vasospasm (39.3% vs 56%, P =0.004) and cerebral infarction (18.7% vs 27.3%, P=0.027) were significantly lower in the atorvastatin group. The study did not detect benefits in the use of atorvastatin for 6 months clinical outcome or 30-day all-cause mortality, but it suggests that atorvastatin together with nimodipine can reduce cerebral vasospasm and cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open:  CCBOC: Effectiveness of Calcium Channel Blockade for OP and Carbamate Pesticide Poisoning (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 15, 2021   
    P3,  N=3243, Recruiting, 
    The study did not detect benefits in the use of atorvastatin for 6 months clinical outcome or 30-day all-cause mortality, but it suggests that atorvastatin together with nimodipine can reduce cerebral vasospasm and cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome - a common cause of thunderclap headache (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 15, 2021   
    Calcium channel antagonists such as nimodipine reduce the frequency of thunderclap headaches but do not decidedly affect the risk of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. In this article the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of RCVS is reviewed.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Integration metal single atoms on hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon for highly-efficient hydrogenation of large-sized molecules in pharmaceutical industry. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 13, 2021   
    Taking Co1/h-NC as an example, comparing to the control sam-ple which has Co single atoms being encapsulated in mi-croporous N-doped carbon support (denoted as Co1/m-NC), Co1/h-NC exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of large-sized pharmaceutical molecules, such as nimodipine (calcium channel blocker) and 2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline (antispasmodic natural alkaloid intermediate). The superior catalytic performance of Co1/h-NC is directly ascribed to the integration of the advantages of single atom active sites and hierarchical mesoporous structure, which is beneficial for the mass transfer of molecules with large sizes and enables all the Co single atoms to be accessible for catalytic reactions.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Taohong Siwu Decoction Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Injury Via Suppressing Pyroptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 12, 2021   
    Our results showed that THSWD could reduce the activation level of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle, down-regulate GSDMD, and inhibit pyroptosis in MCAO/R rats. These may be affected by inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB, MAPK signaling pathways.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Evaluation of inpatient nimodipine use in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage () -  Dec 26, 2020 - Abstract #ASHP2020ASHP_4645;    
    Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 years of age. Data collected included time to initiation of nimodipine from presentation, compliance with scheduled dosing according to provider’s orders, number of doses held, number of doses needed at discharge, discharge disposition information, time and date of discharge and the type of pharmacy utilized by the patient.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Evaluation of compounding nimodipine oral solution () -  Dec 26, 2020 - Abstract #ASHP2020ASHP_3871;    
    Waste in the extraction process can be variable, but appeared to be low with our process. Further investigation on the variability of waste and the optimal extraction method is warranted.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence and duration of vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) () -  Dec 26, 2020 - Abstract #ASHP2020ASHP_3769;    
    Patients will initially be collected if they have received nimodipine during their admission and then divided into two groups, including an exposure group to dexmedetomidine and a non-exposure group...The rate of vasospasm will be calculated in each group to determine if patients exposed to dexmedetomidine will have lower rates of vasospasm compared to patients not exposed to dexmedetomidine. Additionally, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) will be documented to assess the occurrence of adverse events with dexmedetomidine use.
  • ||||||||||  milrinone / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Milrinone for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage () -  Dec 26, 2020 - Abstract #ASHP2020ASHP_3418;    
    A combination of intra-arterial verapamil and intravenous milrinone was started to manage CVS and maintain cardiac output...Per AHA/ASA 2012 guidelines, he was started on oral nimodipine and underwent emergent endovascular repair with aneurysmal coiling...After a 32 day length of stay, the patient was discharged to a rehabilitation facility on aspirin and simvastatin, as well as levetiracetam and lacosamide for seizure prevention...Based off of limited data, milrinone appears to be a safe intervention for CVS in patients with aSAH. Further studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of milrinone treatment for CVS.
  • ||||||||||  rasagiline / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Multitarget Directed Ligands Able to Block Calcium Channels. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 17, 2020   
    New dialkyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate MTDLs 3a-t, resulting from the juxtaposition of nimodipine, a Ca channel antagonist, and rasagiline, a known MAO inhibitor, have been obtained from appropriate and commercially available precursors using a Hantzsch reaction. Pertinent biological analysis has prompted us to identify the MTDL 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-[4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-1,4-dihydro- pyridine- 3,5-dicarboxylate (3a), as an attractive antioxidant (1.75 TE), Ca channel antagonist (46.95% at 10 μM), showing significant neuroprotection (38%) against HO at 10 μM, being considered thus a hit-compound for further investigation in our search for anti-Alzheimer's disease agents.
  • ||||||||||  verapamil / Generic mfg., nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Unruptured aneurysmal clipping complicated by delayed and refractory vasospasm: case report. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2020   
    Current hypotheses for the mechanisms responsible for delayed and refractory vasospasms include: blood-derived breakdown products, mechanically induced vasospastic responses, and delayed reactions from the trigemino-cerebrovascular system (TCVS). The uncertainly of these events warrants further research and supports a strong argument for monitoring patients with initial surgical clipping up to a month out from their initial procedure.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Characterizing and Exploring the Differences in Dissolution and Stability Between Crystalline Solid Dispersion and Amorphous Solid Dispersion. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2020   
    A CSD of nimodipine with a drug loading of 90% was prepared by wet milling, with hydroxypropyl cellulose (model: HPC-SL) and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers and spray drying...The amorphous drug molecules in the low drug-loading ASD were uniformly dispersed in the carrier, while the drug state in the high drug-loading ASD was aggregates of the amorphous drug. At the end of the dissolution assay, the 90% drug-loading CSD increased cumulative dissolution to 60%, and the 10% drug-loading ASD achieved a cumulative dissolution rate of 90%.
  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Cognitive Effects of Nimodipine in Patients With Schizophrenia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 13, 2020   
    P1,  N=30, Recruiting, 
    However, due to the low quality of the include literatures, these potential benefits need to be confirmed in future standardized clinical trials with a large sample size. Trial completion date: Oct 2020 --> Oct 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2020 --> Oct 2021
  • ||||||||||  sevoflurane / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Sevoflurane increases intracellular calcium to induce mitochondrial injury and neuroapoptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 12, 2020   
    By using calcium channel blocker Nimodipine, the increase of intracellular Ca was attenuated, and the death rate of neurons, the ROS and opening of mPTP, decreased ATP production, the expressions of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were alleviated. Our study suggested that Sevoflurane could increase intracellular Ca to induce mitochondrial injury and mitochondria-mediated neuroapoptosis in neurons.