nimodipine / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  nimodipine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Nimodipine improves cortical efficiency during working memory in healthy subjects. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 5, 2020   
    Future studies should be conducted to test if the decreased cortical brain activity after nimodipine is associated with improved working memory performance in patients with schizophrenia, particularly those who carry the risk-associated genotype. Furthermore, changes in cortical activity during working memory may be a useful biomarker in future trials of L-type calcium channel blockers.
  • ||||||||||  Ryanodex (dantrolene) / Eagle Pharma, Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Significant reduction of vascular reactivity with dantrolene and nimodipine in diabetic rats: a potential approach to cerebral vasospasm management in diabetes. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 2, 2020   
    Furthermore, changes in cortical activity during working memory may be a useful biomarker in future trials of L-type calcium channel blockers. Improved endothelial-dependent relaxation and reduced vascular contractility with dantrolene are dose dependent. Thus, although dantrolene appears to be a promising alternative for the treatment of CVSPs when added to conventional therapies, careful titration should be performed to achieve a significant reduction in vascular hyperreactivity. Moreover, if our findings with rats are applicable to humans, the combined use of dantrolene and nimodipine at optimal doses may reduce CVSPs, especially in the diabetic population.
  • ||||||||||  Desferal (deferoxamine) / Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Novartis, nimodipine / Generic mfg., cilostazol / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Clinical and experimental aspects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 24, 2020   
    Many of the current experimental drugs may have significant roles in the treatment algorithm, and further clinical trials are needed. There is growing evidence supporting that early brain injury in aSAH may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and this needs to be explored further.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Journal:  Multi-target 1,4-dihydropyridines showing calcium channel blockade and antioxidant capacity for Alzheimer's disease therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 22, 2020   
    In this work we describe the synthesis, Ca channel blockade capacity and antioxidant power of N,N-bis(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxamides 1-9, a number of multi-target small 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP), designed by juxtaposition of melatonin and nimodipine. As a result, we have identified antioxidant DHP 7 (Ca channel blockade: 55%, and 8.78 Trolox/Equivalents), the most balanced DHP analyzed here, for potential Alzheimer's disease therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Journal:  The NaH-Exchanger NHE1 Regulates Extra- and Intracellular pH and Nimodipine-sensitive [Ca] in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 16, 2020   
    RT-PCR revealed mRNA for plasmalemmal-type NHE1, NHE4, and NHE5 isoforms, whereas the NHE1-specific antagonist cariporide alkalinised the pHe...Immunofluorescent staining revealed high levels of punctate colocalisation of NHE1 with serotonin transporter (SERT) or CaV1.2, as well as triple staining of NHE1, CaV1.2, and SERT or the presynaptic marker Bassoon. Our results indicate that NHE1 actively extrudes H to regulate pHi and nimodipine-sensitive [Ca] in the soma, and along with CaV1.2 may also regulate presynaptic Ca levels and, perhaps at least serotonergic, neurotransmission in the SCN.
  • ||||||||||  Triglide (fenofibrate) / Vectura, Shionogi, Frumeron (indapamide) / Remedica
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Drug treatments in patients with cardiac diseases and epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 8, 2020   
    Furthermore, we demonstrated that IAN resulted in higher concentrations in CSF, when compared to oral application only. Available data show that the treatment of patients with epilepsy and vascular comorbidities is challenging and requires the appropriate knowledge of pharmacological properties of drugs and drug interactions.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Journal:  Pharmacologic Management of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 3, 2020   
    This review provides nurse practitioners and the bedside nursing staff with a summary of the available literature on the pharmacologic management of CVS. It focuses on oral, intravenous, intra-arterial, and intraventricular medications available in the United States that may be utilized in the management of CVS.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Distal C-terminus of Ca 1.2 is indispensable for the chondrogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 1, 2020   
    The chondrogenic differentiation but not adipogenic of rDPSCs was inhibited by either blocking LTCC using nimodipine or knockdown of Cav1.2 via short hairpin RNA (shRNA)...These data suggest that DCT is indispensable for chondrogenic differentiation of rDPSCs but that superfluous DCT inhibits this process. Through the analysis of differential expressed genes using RNA-seq data, we speculated that the regulation of DCT might be mediated by the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, or Chondromodulin-1 (Chm-1).
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes during demyelination reduces brain inflammation and promotes myelin regeneration in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2020   
    Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS...Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reducing voltage-gated Ca influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Preconditioning with PDE1 Inhibitors and Moderate-Intensity Training Positively Affect Systemic Redox State of Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    The first group included animals exposed only to pharmacological preconditioning (PreC) maneuver (sedentary control (CTRL, 1 ml/day saline, n = 12), nicardipine (6 mg/kg/day of NIC, n = 12), vinpocetine (10 mg/kg/day of VIN, n = 12), and nimodipine (NIM 10 mg/kg/day of, n = 12)...The following oxidative stress parameters were measured spectrophotometrically: nitrites (NO), superoxide anion radical (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Our results showed that PDE1 and MIT preconditioning decreased the release of prooxidants and improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes thus preventing systemic oxidative stress.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effects of Huangpu Tongqiao Capsules on EGFR-PLCγ signal pathway of hippocampus in rats with Alzheimer's disease (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 20, 2020   
    To explore the relationship between the therapeutic mechanism of HPTQC on Alzheimer's disease and EGFR-PLCγ signal pathway, 40 healthy male SD rats were selected and divided into 4 groups randomly: sham operation group(sham), model group(model), HPTQC group(HPTQC), and nimodipine group(NMP)...RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of EGFR, PLCγ, IP3 R and Tau in hippocampus of AD rats were significantly increased(P<0.01), and HPTQC could reduce the mRNA levels of EGFR, PLCγ, IP3 R and Tau in AD rats(P<0.05). The results indicate that HPTQC can improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating EGFR-PLCγ signal pathway.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Gastrodin pretreatment alleviates rat brain injury caused by cerebral ischemic-reperfusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 13, 2020   
    Sprague-Dawley adult rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham-operated control group (Sham), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, GAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) pretreatment + MCAO groups (GAS) and Nimodipine (NIM) + MCAO, namely, the NIM group...The present results have shown that GAS pretreatment significantly compensated for neurological behavior defects in rats with I/R-induced injury, reduced brain infarction size, reversed BBB impairment, and attenuated inflammation. It is suggested that pretreatment with GAS before surgery is beneficial during recovery from I/R injury.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Journal:  Modern aspects of pathogenetic treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 29, 2020   
    The obtained data determine the special role of disorders in the ratios of micro-elements in the body, especially calcium, in the development of SHL, and dictate the need for their correction using calcium channel blockers. The clinical use of nimodipine is possible both for prevention and for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Protective effect of paeoniflorin on acute cerebral infarction in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 15, 2020   
    Therefore, paeoniflorin could alleviate the degree of tissue damage in rats with acute cerebral infarction, inhabit the formation of free radicals in the brain tissue after ischemia, and reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation. Thus, the degree of cell damage was reduced greatly and a protective effect was showed on cerebral ischemia.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effect of ginsenosides on serous metabonomic profiles in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats based on ~1H-NMR (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 24, 2020   
    They are given intragastric administration respectively with same amount of 0.5% CMC-Na,nimodipine and ginsenoside for 5 days...The results showed that ginsenosides could regulate metabolic disorders in rats with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and promote a recovery in the process of metabolism. It's helpful to promote the metabolic changes in rats with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion via ~1H-NMR, and lay a foundation to develop ginsenosides as a new drug to treat ischemic cerebral paralysis.
  • ||||||||||  sertraline / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] SAH Due to SSRI Use: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (ATS 2020 Virtual) -  Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_6879;    
    She was started on Nimodipine and Keppra...Zoloft was discontinued...Neurological deficits are usually reversible but rarely permanent disability can occur. It is important to distinguish RCVS from serious secondary causes such as ruptured brain aneurysm, stroke and cervical artery dissection.
  • ||||||||||  Nimotop (nimodipine) / Bayer
    Journal:  Ginkgo biloba and Its Constituent 6-hydroxykynurenic-acid as well as Its Proanthocyanidins Exert Neurorestorative Effects against Cerebral Ischemia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 5, 2020   
    Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the groups: sham: 8; model (placebo): 25; GPE 80 mg/kg: 13; GPE 40 mg/kg: 13; GPE 20 mg/kg: 16; grape seed extract (negative control) 40 mg/kg: 18; nimodipine (positive control) 2 mg/kg: 8...A pharmacological neurorestorative effect of EGb on neurons and brain tissue itself seems to be a much more straightforward explanation for the presented observations. This effect is most likely explained by the synergistic action of both its numerous phenolic constituents (GPE) and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA), which could be identified as one major contributor to the observed activity.
  • ||||||||||  Trial completion date, Trial suspension, Trial primary completion date:  CORONACION: Coronavirus (COVID-19) ACEi/ARB Investigation (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 30, 2020   
    P4,  N=2414, Suspended, 
    NIMO-TNE is a promising formulation suitable for intravenous injection, is easy to prepare, and exhibits excellent safety. Trial completion date: Mar 2021 --> Dec 2021 | Recruiting --> Suspended | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2021 --> Jul 2021
  • ||||||||||  Ryanodex (dantrolene) / Eagle Pharma
    Journal:  Intranasal administration of dantrolene increased brain concentration and duration. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 25, 2020   
    Blood brain barrier pump inhibitors did not further increase dantrolene peak concentrations in the brain. Our results suggested that Intranasal administration of dantrolene is an effective route to increase its concentration and duration in the brain compared to the oral approach, without any obvious side effects on olfaction or motor function.