- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Absence of metabotropic glutamate receptor homolog(s) accelerates acetylcholine neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2021
Then, alteration of ACh-NT in C. elegans loss-of-function mutants of mgl-1, mgl-2, mgl-3, PI3K (age-1) and iGluR (NMDA)(nmr-1) was estimated by well-established acute aldicarb (Ald), that increases ACh at synapse, and levamisole (Lev) (postsynaptic activation of levamisole sensitive iAChR) induced time-dependent paralysis assays...Adenylate cyclase, acy-1 gain-of-function mutant showed less hypersensitivity, Ald - 7% and Lev- 25%. Together, Glu receptors and signalling cascades are altering ACh-NT permanently, thus establishing the interplay between them thereby provide potential drug targets to be considered for AD.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside modulates nAChR and AChE activity. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2021
Interestingly, the increase in aldicarb and levamisole sensitivity post SW treatment was curtailed to a significant level in daf-16 and skn-1 mutants...Moreover, the study also indicates that SW elicits antioxidant response via up-modulation of daf-16 possibly through unc-17 upregulation. Further research on SW pertaining to the underlying mechanism and potential is expected to significantly advance the current understanding and design of possible ameliorative or near ameliorative regimens for cholinergic dysfunction.
- |||||||||| paracetamol / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: 3D-printing for forensic chemistry: voltammetric determination of cocaine on additively manufactured graphene-polylactic acid electrodes. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 23, 2021
Square-wave voltammetric determination of cocaine was achieved in the concentration range between 20 and 100 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 6 μmol L-1, and free from the interference of paracetamol, caffeine, phenacetin, lidocaine, benzocaine and levamisole, which are common adulterants found in seized drugs. The analytical characteristics obtained using 3D-printed G-PLA electrodes were comparable with those of previously reported electrochemical sensors, but presented the inherent advantages of the 3D-printing technology that enables low-cost, reproducible, and large-scale production of such electrodes in remote areas combined with the use of an environmentally-friendly biopolymer.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Enrollment open, Enrollment change, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: EOLoa: Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - Apr 19, 2021
P2, N=255, Recruiting,
The analytical characteristics obtained using 3D-printed G-PLA electrodes were comparable with those of previously reported electrochemical sensors, but presented the inherent advantages of the 3D-printing technology that enables low-cost, reproducible, and large-scale production of such electrodes in remote areas combined with the use of an environmentally-friendly biopolymer. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | N=450 --> 255 | Trial completion date: Dec 2021 --> Jul 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2020 --> Apr 2021
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Broadening the spectrum of cocaine induced neutrophilic dermatoses () - Apr 10, 2021 - Abstract #AADVMX2021AAD_VMX_798;
Given the lesional morphology in the setting of ongoing cocaine use, dermatology was consulted due to concern of levamisole-induced vasculitis...Such changes are non-infectious mimicry likely due to vacuolization of degenerating neutrophils and have been noted in Sweet’s syndrome, often in the context of cocaine use (1,2). Our patient did not meet the clinical nor histologic qualifications for a diagnosis of Sweet’s syndrome, but rather this case illustrates that neutrophilic dermatoses exist on a spectrum, particularly when considering cocaine as an etiology (3).
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Painful retiform purpura with cutaneous necrosis () - Apr 10, 2021 - Abstract #AADVMX2021AAD_VMX_239;
Adjuvant care can include systemic corticosteroids, surgical debridement, antibiotics, and plasmapheresis. Recurrence of levamisole-induced vasculitis following re-exposure to contaminated cocaine frequently occurs; therefore, complete abstinence must be counseled.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: The first report of multidrug resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in goat population in Poland. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
This study shows for the first time that multidrug resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to three basic classes of anthelmintics is already present in goat population in Poland. Moreover, it may indicate that different species or genera of gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for the resistance to specific anthelmintics.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Levamisole - A Toxic Adulterant in Illicit Drug Preparations: A Review. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Levamisole is not currently included in routine drug testing panels, although a variety of confirmatory testing techniques exist across a range of antemortem and postmortem specimen options. Because of its varying presence in illicit drug markets, both the medical and forensic communities need to be aware of levamisole and its potential impact on toxicological investigations.
- |||||||||| Journal: Drugs with new lease of life as quorum sensing inhibitors: for combating MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2021
In this study, four FDA-approved drugs (besides azithromycin as positive QSI) were tested for potential QS inhibition against clinical A. baumannii isolates and P. aeruginosa (PAO1) standard strain...The four tested drugs (erythromycin, levamisole, chloroquine, and propranolol) inhibited QS in Chromobacterium violaceum by 84, 72, 55.1, and 37.3%, respectively...In addition, molecular docking studies against AbaI and AbaR proteins of QS system in A. baumannii revealed the potential inhibition of QS by tested drugs. Beside their known activities, the tested drugs could be given new life as QSIs to combat A. baumannii nosocomial infections (alone or in combination with antimicrobials).
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Pyoderma gangrenosum associated to the use of cocaine/levamisole. Series of three cases and literature review. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 31, 2021
We present three clinical cases of patients with ulcerated lesions, in which the diagnosis was pyoderma gangrenosum secondary to the use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. This called the attention of the health staff to investigate the abuse of substances in gangrenous pyoderma and also evidence that the interruption of consumption was the basis of management.
- |||||||||| Intron A (interferon α-2b) / Merck (MSD), Biogen, Avastin (bevacizumab) / Roche, Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
Clinical, Clinical guideline, Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker: Systemic adjuvant therapy for adult patients at high risk for recurrent cutaneous or mucosal melanoma: an Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) clinical practice guideline. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 25, 2021
Molecular testing should be conducted to help guide treatment decisions. Interferon alfa, chemotherapy regimens, vaccines, levamisole, bevacizumab, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and isolated limb perfusion are not recommended for adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma except as part of a clinical trial.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cholinergic receptors on intestine cells of Ascaris suum and activation of nAChRs by levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 17, 2021
The levamisole responses were blocked by mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist in A. suum, indicating the activation of intestinal nAChRs rather than G protein-linked acetylcholine receptors (GARs) by levamisole. The detection of nAChRs in cells of the intestine, in addition to those on muscles and nerves, reveals another site of action of the cholinergic anthelmintics and a site that may contribute to the synergistic interactions of cholinergic anthelmintics with other anthelmintics that affect the intestine (Cry5B).
- |||||||||| cyclosporine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal, Real-world evidence: A real-world study of 176 cases with aplastic anemia treated in outpatient (Pubmed Central) - Mar 16, 2021
Patients with AA who follow regular visits were more likely to achieve high-quality remission and a lower relapse rate. Visits at least four times per year are recommended for AA patients undergoing outpatient treatment.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Sulfonylhydrazones: Design, synthesis and investigation of ectonucleotidase (ALP & e5'NT) inhibition activities. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 9, 2021
Among the chromen-2-one scaffold based sulfonylhydrazones, the compounds 7 was found to be most potent inhibitor for h-TNAP (human tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase) and h-IAP (human intestinal alkaline phosphatase) with IC values of 1.02 ± 0.13 and 0.32 ± 0.0 3 µM respectively, compared with levamisole (IC = 25.2 ± 1.90 µM for h-TNAP) and l-phenylalanine (IC = 100 ± 3.00 µM for h-IAP) as standards...Moreover, in silico studies were also carried to demonstrate their putative binding with the target enzymes. The potent compounds 5a, 7, and 9d against different ectonucleotidases (h-ecto 5'-NT, h-TNAP, h-IAP) could potentially serve as lead for the development of new therapeutic agents.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: creation and meta-analysis of an open database. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 27, 2021
For GIN and particularly F. hepatica, there was a bias towards preferential sampling of individual farms with suspected AR, and research effort was biased towards Western Europe and particularly the United Kingdom. Ongoing capture of future results in the live database, efforts to avoid bias in farm recruitment, more accurate tests for AR, and stronger appreciation of the importance of AR among the agricultural industry and policy makers, will support more sophisticated analyses of factors contributing to AR and effective strategies to slow its spread.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Uncommon Neurological Complications of Levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 25, 2021
Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule showed a stimulatory effect on cell-mediated immunity and hematopoiesis. No abstract available
- |||||||||| Preclinical, Journal: Interleukin-13 induces paralysis of Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2021
The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing ( These data indicate IL-13 has a dual capability paralyzing L3 and contributing to monocyte-driven larval morbidity, and also indicate breed differences.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The effectiveness of conditioned aversion in wolves: Insights from experimental tests. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2021
The use of microgranulated levamisole + an odour cue has the potential to be used as an intervention by which to induce aversive conditioning in wolves in the wild, although rigorous field tests are required. We discuss the potential of CFA to deter attacks on livestock by large carnivores.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: High-throughput screening of cocaine, adulterants, and diluents in seized samples using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 26, 2021
The present study describes, for the first time, a method based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-CD) for the rapid (2.5 min) and simultaneous quantification of cocaine, levamisole, lidocaine, carbonate, borate, chloride, nitrate, nitrite and sulphate...The developed CE method demonstrated some interesting analytical characteristics such as: (i) a simple sample pretreatment step (only dilution in water and filtering), (ii) high-throughput screening (24 injections h), (iii) proper recovery values (between 72 and 118%), and (iv) an inter-day precision of less than 7% for all analytes. The procedure was successfully applied in the analysis of seized cocaine samples collected by the Integrated Forensics Post (PPI) of the Minas Gerais Civil Police (Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil), during the year of 2018.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Tumefactive inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users: Report of three cases. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 21, 2021
The procedure was successfully applied in the analysis of seized cocaine samples collected by the Integrated Forensics Post (PPI) of the Minas Gerais Civil Police (Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil), during the year of 2018. Based on the history and images of our patients and other two similar case reports, we suggest a probable pathophysiological relationship between levamisole-adulterated cocaine use and the occurrence of MIL with atypical demyelinating lesions, even when they present following a BCS imaging pattern.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cocaine-related vasculitis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 29, 2020
Based on the history and images of our patients and other two similar case reports, we suggest a probable pathophysiological relationship between levamisole-adulterated cocaine use and the occurrence of MIL with atypical demyelinating lesions, even when they present following a BCS imaging pattern. Patients presenting with pancytopenia and a painful purpuric rash should be evaluated for levamisole-induced vasculitis and counseled about cocaine cessation as continued exposure can lead to permanent deformity of the involved areas.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Levamisole in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (Pubmed Central) - Dec 20, 2020
He was treated with corticosteroids and later methotrexate, therapy for addiction, with good evolution. No abstract available
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Painful Retiform Purpura with Cutaneous Necrosis () - Nov 25, 2020 - Abstract #FCDC2020FCDC_212;
The differential diagnosis for levamisole-induced vasculitis includes leukocytoclastic vasculitis, drug reaction, cryoglobulinemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and polyarteritis nodosa. Levamisole-induced vasculitis typically resolves spontaneously with cessation of cocaine use however; recurrence is common following re-exposure.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2020
Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a particular concern given that documented risk of agranulocytosis and severe neutropenia that may put those exposed at risk of bacterial superinfections and other complications as well as potentially increasing exposure. While oustanding questions remain these risks may warrant inclusion into patient counseling activities by clinicians.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2020
In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control...In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Atypical Chronic Inflammatory ANCA-Positive Deforming Arthritis After Cocaine-Levamisole Exposure. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 19, 2020
Patients should be included in the medical decision process after open, evidence-based discussions. Patients exposed to cocaine-levamisole may develop serious chronic sequelae including cicatrical cutaneous and facial deformities and an atypical seronegative, p-ANCA and MPO antibody-positive, HLA-B27-negative chronic deforming inflammatory arthritis.
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