- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Distribution of Four Parasitic Helminth Species in One Pen-Free, Egg-Laying Housing Facility, and the Corresponding Efficacy of Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Administrations. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 28, 2021
Based on arithmetic means for adult forms, control trial efficacies for A. galli and H. gallinarum were 0% and 12% for the nutraceutical feed additive, 0% and 22% for the diatomaceous earth feed additive, 0% and 26% for dietary herbals, 87% and 63% for levamisole, and 82% and 84% for fenbendazole, respectively. Only adult burdens of A. galli and H. gallinarum for fenbendazole- and levamisole-treated birds were significantly different from control bird levels (P ≤ 0.05).
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Searching for the one(s): Using Probiotics as Anthelmintic Treatments. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 27, 2021
The most important drugs used nowadays to control helminth infections belong to the benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles (levamisole) and macrocyclic lactones (avermectins and milbemycins) families...Here we review the current knowledge about the use of probiotic bacteria as anthelmintic therapy or as a complement to traditional anthelmintic treatments. Considering all research papers reviewed, we may conclude that the effect generated by probiotics on helminth infection depends not only on the parasite species, their stage and localization but also on the administration scheme.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The use of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding to enhance anthelmintic resistance diagnosis and surveillance of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 22, 2021
It also revealed that although poor efficacy to closantel was relatively common, based on total fecal egg counts, this was due to its narrow spectrum of activity rather than the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. This study illustrates the value of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding to improve fecal egg count resistance testing, perform large-scale anthelmintic resistance surveillance and direct more targeted rational anthelmintic use.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Journal: Pharmacokinetic comparison of six anthelmintics in sheep, goats, and cattle. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 13, 2021
The results from this study suggest drug approval across these three ruminants is not a viable concept. However, the resulting PK profiles for each combination of drug and ruminant species represents a new dataset that can be used to support the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine's Minor Use/Minor Species indexing process for drug approvals in minor species such as sheep and goats.
- |||||||||| amphetamine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: A fatal case after an intravenous injection of levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 12, 2021
In humans, levamisole can be detected in biological samples after cocaine use as this drug is also an adulterant and one of its metabolites (aminorex) seems to have amphetamine-like properties. In this case, the man consumed levamisole from time to time for its stimulant and strengthening effects.Cases of fatal poisoning using levamisole are very rare and poorly documented, which makes the interpretation of postmortem blood levamisole concentration difficult.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Streptozotocin induces alpha-2u globulin nephropathy in male rats during diabetic kidney disease. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 11, 2021
In this case, the man consumed levamisole from time to time for its stimulant and strengthening effects.Cases of fatal poisoning using levamisole are very rare and poorly documented, which makes the interpretation of postmortem blood levamisole concentration difficult. STZ-induced alpha-2u globulin nephropathy during diabetic kidney disease in association with deterioration of pedicels, renal tubular damage with adaptation and mitochondrial driven apoptosis.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Pulmonary-renal syndrome secondary to cocaine-levamisole-induced vasculitis: A case report. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 7, 2021
Pulmonary-renal syndrome has rarely been reported as the clinical presentation of vasculitis caused by the consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. We report the case of a patient in whom we detected the clinical manifestations and indicate the difficulties that arose in relation to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cocaine and Levamisole Cerebral Toxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
These results provide insight into the capability of the developed malleable microemulsion-based gel to enhance the transdermal permeation and bioavailability of LMS. No abstract available
- |||||||||| cyclosporine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Levamisole induced Toxic epidermal necrolysis: A case report. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
Immediate withdrawal of levamisole along with short course of corticosteroids and cyclosporine lead to improvement in signs and symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of possible association of levamisole and SJS/TEN.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2021
We observed that Bamlanivimab and nitazoxanide reduced viral load, whereas ivermectin may have shortened time to viral clearance; Interferon Beta-1 reduced time to viral clearance and vitamin D reduced viral load; Favirapir, peginterferon, and levamisole improved clinical symptoms, whereas fluvoxamine halted disease progression; inhaled budesonide reduced the number of hospitalizations and visits to emergency departments; colchicine reduced the number of deaths and hospitalizations...Moreover, treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 may also be associated with improved clinical symptoms, hospitalization, and disease progression. We suggest that colchicine, inhaled budesonide, and nitazoxanide, along with nonpharmacological measures, based on efficacy and costs, may be used to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in middle-income countries.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Multiple Anthelmintic Resistance at a Goat Farm in Slovakia. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 13, 2021
Benzimidazole (BZ) efficacy ranged between 80.3 and 86.5 %, and levamisole (LEV) efficacy was 94 %...Teladorsagia was the dominant genus after treatment with BZ, IVM, and LEV. Haemonchus contortus was identifi ed after treatment with BZ and LEV.
- |||||||||| melphalan / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Synthesis, molecular docking and preliminary antileukemic activity of 4-methoxybenzyl derivatives bearing an imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2021
Our results identify two compounds 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate and 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4'-methoxybenzyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde exhibited as the most cytotoxic effect against murine leukemia cells (L1210), human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) with IC 50 values ranging between 0.79 to 1.6 μM. The results indicate that compound 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate is inducing phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation which are both a hallmark of apoptosis. Docking studies showed that compound 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate binds within the active sites of transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) type I receptor kinase domain by strong hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions.
- |||||||||| Strensiq (asfotase alfa) / Alexion Pharma
Biomarker, Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Vitamin B deficiency with normal plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in perinatal hypophosphatasia. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 1, 2021
Herein, an exclusively breast-fed newborn boy with life-threatening perinatal HPP had uniquely normal instead of markedly elevated plasma PLP levels before beginning asfotase alfa (AA) TNSALP-replacement therapy...With B supplementation using a breast milk fortifier, the patient's plasma PA level corrected, while his PLP level remained in the normal range but now in keeping with AA treatment. Our experience reveals that elevated levels of PLP in the circulation in HPP require some degree of B sufficiency, and that anticipated increases in HPP can be negated by hypovitaminosis B.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Analytical findings in used syringes from a syringe exchange program. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 1, 2021
Our experience reveals that elevated levels of PLP in the circulation in HPP require some degree of B sufficiency, and that anticipated increases in HPP can be negated by hypovitaminosis B. Analysis of samples collected from a drug street scenario allows the identification of new substances being injected and provides information to harm reduction programs to identify strategies to reduce drug abuse.
- |||||||||| Journal: Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep grazing in irrigated and dry areas in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 26, 2021
From each flock, 36 adult sheep were selected and divided into five groups (G1 (0.08% ivermectin), G2 (10% albendazole), G3 (5% levamisole), G4 (1% moxidectin), G5 (10% closantel) and one control group, G6)...The variables irrigated area (P = 0.002), intensive breeding (P = 0.018), uncovered enclosures (P = 0.05), cultivated (P = 0.043) and native/cultivated (P = 0.007) pastures, and rotational grazing (P = 0.013) were significantly associated with GIN infection; irrigated area (P = 0.009), semi-intensive breeding (P = 0.05), rotational grazing (P = 0.045), cultivated (P = 0.021) and native/cultivated (P = 0.04) pastures, and estimated weighing of animals (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with AR. Therefore, improved management practices and strategic deworming must be implemented to prevent the development of AR.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Thelazia rhodesi in a dairy farm in Romania and successful treatment using eprinomectin. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2021
Therapeutic measures in cattle include mechanical removal of the adult parasites, followed by irrigation of the conjunctival sac with different solutions such as levamisole (1%) or administration of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg SC), doramectin (0.2 mg/kg SC or pour-on) both with high efficacy, however, the use of such macrocyclic lactones can be problematic in lactating cattle...To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the efficacy of eprinomectin against Thelazia spp. and the first molecular confirmation of T. rhodesi in Romania.
- |||||||||| monepantel (PAA1) / Pharmaust
Journal: Phenotypic and genotypic approaches for detection of anthelmintic resistant sheep gastrointestinal nematodes from Brazilian northeast. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2021
Benzimidazoles (BZs) genotypic evaluation was by frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) F200Y, F167Y and E198A, and for levamisole (LEV), by frequency of resistance alleles of Hco-acr-8 gene...There was agreement between EHT, FECRT and qPCR for BZs, and agreement between LDT and qPCR for LEV. Thus, based on higher sensitivity of qPCR, and phenotypic evaluation, the Caucaia population was considered resistant to BZs, MLs, LEV and suspect for MPTL.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Effects of cocaine and levamisole (as adulterant) on the isolated perfused Langendorff heart. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 10, 2021
Exposing the hearts to a mixture of both resulted in a combination of these effects; the emergence of new alterations or an obvious aggravation were not detected. Nevertheless, the results imply that the consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole bares an increased risk for cardiac complications, especially in the presence of preexisting cardiac pathologies.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Levamisole, an anti-helminthic vet drug, is used as a colorless, odorless, adulterant to narcotics, cocaine, fentanyl, etc. Levamisole also causes ANCA+ Vasculitis (small to medium vessels), palpable purpura, agranulocytosis https://t.co/BKoDo2iemJ https://t.co/bSl0eYn0yO (Twitter) - May 25, 2021
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in Brazil: concordance of in vivo and in vitro (RESISTA-Test©) methods. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
For the FECRT, 35 sheep were selected in each of five flocks and divided into groups treated with: benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin, monepantel and control...Total agreement was obtained between the two tests for TBZ and IVM (k = 1.0), while for LEV (k = 0.8) and ZLV (k = 0.9), substantial and almost perfect agreement were obtained, respectively. The concordance between the tests was significant, thus showing that it is possible to use the outcome of the LDT to predict the FECRT, and hence validating the former as a fast diagnostic test for use by sheep farmers in Brazil.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] A Case of Levamisole-Induced Psychosis () - May 2, 2021 - Abstract #APA2021APA_1341;
The purpose of this case study is to highlight the effects of this antihelmintic drug and to discuss potential modes of therapeutic treatment, as there is not much literature on the subject. It is important for discussion so that providers can be diligent when collecting each patient’s unique history and provide proper education to their patients regarding potential effects of drugs/medications, specifically Levamisole in this case.
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