- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2022
Four anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), levamisole (LEV) and piperazine (PIP) were employed using an A. galli isolate of known susceptibility...The larval hatching assays evaluated did not differ in hatching efficiency but the deshelling-centrifugation method yielded larvae that had slightly better survival rates. For final standardization of these tests and establishment of EC50 reference values, tests using isolates of A. galli of defined resistance status need to be performed.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
Review, Journal: Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 22, 2022
RCT data on the efficacy and adverse effects of rituximab in adults with MCD are awaited. Further, adequately powered RCTs are required to determine the relative efficacies of CNIs and EC-MPS and to evaluate these medications in patients with relapsing or steroid-resistant disease.
- |||||||||| paracetamol / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and Their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2022
Seven detected pharmaceuticals (propyphenazole, sulfamerazine, levamisole, tryptophan, dibucaine, albuterol, and fenpropimorph) are not approved medications in South Africa...Pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations in river water were flumequine (0.257 µg L ), oxolinic acid (0.355 µg L ), and acetaminophen (0.432 µg L )...Hazard quotients for other pharmaceuticals were below 1, except that of flumequine which reached 1.285. These results suggest a need for further research into the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, and a quantification of the risks associated with the identified drugs as these are likely to accumulate in fish/aquatic organisms' tissues thus affecting humans.
- |||||||||| Retrospective data, Journal: Impurities, adulterants and cutting agents in cocaine as potential candidates for retrospective mining of GC-MS data. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2022
Preliminary assessment of existing data from the forensic laboratory of the Amsterdam Police has been included to show that the detection of the identified target impurities is feasible, and that small adjustments to the analysis method could significantly increase the detectability of these analytes in prospective drug screenings. Forensic intelligence based on retrospective data mining of cocaine containing casework samples may thus be realized with minimal additional laboratory efforts by using already available instrumentation, samples and data.
- |||||||||| moxidectin / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: The production costs of Haemonchus contortus and other nematode parasites in pre-weaned beef calves in New Zealand. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2022
There was no significant difference in liveweight gain between any of the treatment groups, hence there was no evidence for an impact of Haemonchus alone, or a mixed nematode infection, on pre-weaned calf growth rates on these farms. It remains unclear whether there may be a justification to consider treatment of calves should they constitute a significant source of pasture larval infestation with H. contortus, in an integrated cattle-sheep system.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Worm control practices on free-range egg farms in Australia and anthelmintic efficacy against nematodes in naturally infected layer chickens. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2022
This study investigated worm control practices by free-range egg farmers and the efficacy of the commercial anthelmintics levamisole (LEV), piperazine (PIP), flubendazole (FLBZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) against gastrointestinal nematodes on two free-range layer farms in Australia...These results show no evidence of loss of susceptibility to the tested anthelmintics on these farms supporting the perception of producers that participated in the survey that current treatments work effectively. The reduced efficacy of PIP against some species and immature stages is related to its spectrum of activity rather than providing evidence of emerging resistance.
- |||||||||| monepantel (PAA1) / Pharmaust
Journal: Most common inappropriate drug usage factors in anthelmintic treatment on sheep farms in Latvia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
The results indicated a lack of parasitological examination and parasite control of the flock, mostly empiric drug selection, incorrect dosing, inaccurate drug administration, drug storage, and use errors. A proactive approach to herd health planning, regular parasitic control, and prophylactic measures may benefit farmers and veterinarians.
- |||||||||| hydroxyzine hydrochloride / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparison of Illicit Drug Seizures Products of Natural Origin Using a Molecular Networking Approach. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 6, 2022
Although this approach does not replace the profiling techniques used by forensic laboratories, the use of molecular networks provides a visual overview of structurally related constituents which aids the comparison and investigation of seizure powders. Molecular networks offers here an ideal way to depict structurally related and unrelated compounds in these often complex mixtures of chemicals.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg., albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Anthelmintic resistance status of goat gastrointestinal nematodes in Sing Buri Province, Thailand. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2022
The present study aimed to gather information on GIN control practices and to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole for treating GIN infestation in goat herds in Sing Buri Province...Farmers should be provided with updated information for sustainable parasite control. Further, the efficacy of anthelmintics should be routinely monitored.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: DIHYDROPYRIMIDINONE-DERIVED SELENOESTERS EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN AN IN VIVO MODEL OF Aβ AGGREGATION. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 30, 2022
In addition, FA90 and FA130 improved egg-laying induced by levamisole and positively modulated HSP-6 and HSP-4 expression, thereby increasing reticular and mitochondrial protein folding response in C. elegans, which could attenuate Aβ aggregation in early exposure. Therefore, our initial screening using an alternative model demonstrated that FA90, among the eight selenoesters evaluated, was the most promising compound for AD evaluation screening in more complex animals.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Can orange essential oil reduce the severity of parasitic infection in sheep? (Pubmed Central) - Mar 1, 2022
In the first and second stages of the experiment, the lambs were distributed in groups (n = 10): without treatment (control), treated with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), and treated either with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg OEO in the first stage and with two doses of 300 or 350 mg/kg each of OEO with a six-hour interval in the second stage...In the third stage, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the mean number of parasites between the OEO groups and the control. Although the decrease in EPG of more than 96% on D3 did not persist in the other evaluations, and immature forms and adult parasites were collected at slaughter, the EPG reduction of 77.07% on D14 with the dose of 700 mg/kg (OEO2 × 350) suggests that OEO can help to reduce the severity of parasitic infection and, consequently, to diminish pastures contamination, when used together with other methods to control gastrointestinal parasites in sheep.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Purity of street-level cocaine across Denmark from 2006 to 2019: Analysis of seized cocaine. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
While the total number of samples containing adulterants decreased, levamisole remained a common and dangerous adulterant. The findings underline the need to inform the public, medical doctors, and service providers for people with drug use disorders about the higher potency of street cocaine.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Adulterants in drugs of abuse: a recent focus of a changing phenomenon. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 19, 2022
Various adulterants are often added during the manufacturing process as cutting agent for deliberate underdosing, such as in case of levamisole for cocaine, or to strengthen the drug ef-fect, as in case of fentanyl for heroin. The authors aimed to elaborate on such unfolding dynamics and concluded that continuous development of effective analytical tools, along with a closely focused evaluation of each case by the medical doctor is essential to clarify the origin of the intoxications, so as to undertake the best therapeutic pathway.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine Leading to Pulmonary Renal Syndrome: A Case Report (Area I, Hall F (North Building, Exhibition Level), Moscone Center) - Feb 19, 2022 - Abstract #ATS2022ATS_2551;
If PRS is untreated, its course can become fulminant, hence warranting early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, clinicians should have a high level of suspicion for levamisole related complications when caring for patients with known history of cocaine use.
- |||||||||| Raptiva (efalizumab) / Roche, EMD Serono, Xoma, levamisole / Generic mfg.
Talking about tragedies? Levamisole,Sparfloxicin,Temafloxicin,Grepafloxicin, Vioxx,Rezulin,Propulsid,Posicor,Hismanal,Duract,Bextra,Baycol,Selacryn,Seldane,Raptiva. This is just a short list of some of the drug "tragedies" that had RCT prior to release. Again I am biased. (Twitter) - Feb 18, 2022
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Levamisole and ANCA positivity in childhood nephrotic syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2022
ANCA positivity is a common side effect of levamisole and was seen in 18.2% of our patients. Monitoring is required to determine side effects including ANCA positivity and treatment modified accordingly.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Transcriptomics and coexpression network profiling of the effects of levamisole hydrochloride on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2022
This study shows that B. xylophilus gene family expansions occurred in xenobiotic detoxification pathways through gene expression and potential horizontal correlated gene transfer with LH and helps to elucidate LH lethality and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the adaptations of B. xylophilus to the environment. These results contributing to our understanding of B. xylophilus under LH and provide a data platform to providing a basis for its control.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Levamisole Therapy in COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
In conclusion, LVM therapy in COVID-19 has bidirectional effects, beneficial in the early phase and harmful effects in the late phase of COVID-19. Clinical trial and prospective studies are warranted in this regard to confirm the efficacy and timing administration of LVM in the management of COVID-19.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Synthesis, in vitro antiurease, in vivo antinematodal activity of quinoline analogs and their in-silico study. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 5, 2022
In this context, most potent analogs such as 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 were further subjected for their in vitro antinematodal study against C. elegans to examine its cytotoxicity under positive control of standard drug, Levamisole...All analogs were characterized through H NMR, C NMR and HR-EIMS. The protein-ligand binding interaction for most potent analogs was confirmed via molecular docking study.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: A retrospective review of four patients with severe nasal destruction secondary to cocaine adulterated with levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 4, 2022
The protein-ligand binding interaction for most potent analogs was confirmed via molecular docking study. Cocaine is increasingly found to be adulterated with levamisole Cocaine can cause cocaine induced midline destructive lesions, severe destruction limited to the nasal region Levamisole adulterated cocaine may cause levamisole induced vasculitis, a systemic vasculitis which features midline destruction There is overlap between these two conditions and patients may present with features of both; however, there are no clear diagnostic or treatment criteria A high index of suspicion must be maintained in order to diagnose these conditions and potentially avoid immunosuppression; debridement of nasal lesions provides good symptomatic relief, but abstinence should be proven prior to reconstruction.
- |||||||||| sertraline / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Sertraline as a new potential anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus: toxicity, efficacy, and biotransformation. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 29, 2021
While no effect of SRT on H. contortus egg hatching was observed, SRT was found to significantly decrease the viability of H. contortus adults in drug-sensitive and resistant strains, with its effect comparable to the commonly used anthelmintics levamisole and monepantel...Compared to H. contortus, the ovine liver metabolized SRT more extensively, mainly via desmethylation and glucuronidation. In conclusion, the potency of SRT against H. contortus was proven, and it should be tested further toward possible repurposing.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (Pubmed Central) - Dec 29, 2021
In WREM, multiple lesions of the central nervous system of an inflammatory-demyelinating nature accompanied by extremely polymorphic neurological disorders develop acutely or subacutely. The review considers the issues of epidemiology, trigger factors of the inflammatory process, clinical manifestations, differential and molecular diagnostics of WECM, and outlines the ways for further study of this pathology.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Biosurveillance of Drug Overdoses and Substance Misuse Treated in Selected Emergency Departments in Minnesota, 2017-2020. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 22, 2021
The review considers the issues of epidemiology, trigger factors of the inflammatory process, clinical manifestations, differential and molecular diagnostics of WECM, and outlines the ways for further study of this pathology. ED surveillance for DOSM encounters, enhanced by toxicology testing, can provide local situational awareness on overdoses, prevent potential mischaracterization of the true drug overdose epidemic, and inform harm reduction and drug overdose prevention efforts.
- |||||||||| albendazole / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: First Report of Multiple Drug-resistant Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq Detected By in Vivo and in Vitro Methods. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 20, 2021
The mean IC of albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were 0.073 ng/mL, 7.97 ng/mL, and 1.43 ng/mL, respectively. This study is the first Iraqi report of AR confirmed by both in vivo FECRT and in vitro LDA methods.
- |||||||||| levamisole / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Personal Doses of Cocaine and Coca Paste are Adulterated in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
The results are consistent with other research in terms of the widespread use of caffeine as an adulterant, but they also follow the growing trend of the use of levamisole and phenacetin. The wide range of cocaine content in samples sold in the illicit market could cause undesirable effects on cocaine users who do not know the exact intended dose for consumption; so, this study intends to make these results available not only to academic, public health, and national security agencies but also to tourists entering Cartagena de Indias, so that they are aware of what they are consuming and the risks to which they are exposed.
- |||||||||| tetracycline / Generic mfg., levamisole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Agricultural contaminants in amphibian breeding ponds: Occurrence, risk and correlation with agricultural land use. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
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