- |||||||||| Ergamisol (levamisole) / J&J
Clinical, Journal: Evaluation of interleukin-18 in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome before and after using levamisole. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 24, 2019
We found that IL-18 level showed a significant elevation after three months of levamisole therapy compared to its level before initiation of levamisole therapy, with no relapses in these three months, no reported side effect, and significant reduction of cumulative dose of steroids. Levamisole effectiveness in reduction of relapses of SSNS may be due to resetting of the type 1/type 2 imbalance, proved by induction of IL 18 may be useful in the therapy.
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Cocaine-Induced ANCA Negative Vasculitis: A Diagnostic Dilemma () - Oct 23, 2019 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2019KIDNEY_WEEK_5667;
Almost 69% of Cocaine is contaminated with Levamisole which has been found to be immunogenic with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated cutaneous vasculitis in 88-100% patients...Until then, primary treatment continues to be cessation of drug use and renal replacement therapy if needed. Basic Metabolic Profile
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Journal: Hydrolysis of Extracellular Pyrophosphate increases in post-hemodialysis plasma. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 18, 2019
At least 75% of alkaline phosphatase activity in human plasma was found to depend on a levamisole-sensitive enzyme probably corresponding to tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)...Alkaline phosphatase is also found in many tissues and cells types; therefore, our results in plasma may be indicative of changes in phosphatase activity in other locations that collectively could contribute significantly to pyrophosphate hydrolysis in vivo. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that dialysis increases pyrophosphate hydrolysis, which, taken together with previously reported increases in alkalization and calcium ion levels in post-dialysis plasma, causes VC and could be prevented by adding calcification inhibitors during dialysis.
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Review, Journal: Treatment Options for Melanoma of Gray Horses. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 12, 2019
Locoregional control of melanoma masses depends on surgical removal and/or intralesional chemotherapy (possibly with adjunctive hyperthermia or electroporation). Systemic treatment is not evidence based but immunomodulators (cimetidine, levamisole) and vaccines can be tried.
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Journal: Efficiency of Target Larvicides is Conditioned by ABC-Mediated Transport in the Zoonotic Nematode Anisakis pegreffii. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 28, 2019
By testing toxicity of the natural monoterpenes nerolidol and farnesol and the conventional anthelminthics abamectin and levamisole in the presence/absence of MK-571 and Valspodar, which inhibit the ABC transporter proteins multidrug resistance protein (MRP-like) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), we determined the preliminary traits of Anisakis detoxifying mechanisms...The highest toxicity was exerted by abamectin, a P-gp inhibitor per se, also eliciting the highest oxidative stress in treated Anisakis larvae. We suggest that ß-tubulin, observed for the first time as a core element in Anisakis cuticle, might represent an important target for the tested compounds.
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LEVAMISOLE-INDUCED VASCULITIS COMPLICATED BY PRESEPTAL CELLULITIS (Ernest N. Morial Convention Center - Exhibit Hall - Poster Area 4) - Sep 25, 2019 - Abstract #CHEST2019CHEST_3512;
We suggest that ß-tubulin, observed for the first time as a core element in Anisakis cuticle, might represent an important target for the tested compounds. In conclusion, levamisole is a clinically relevant adulterant that must be considered in ANCA-positive vasculitis in cocaine users.
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SKIN NECROSIS SECONDARY TO LEVAMISOLE-CONTAMINATED COCAINE USE (Ernest N. Morial Convention Center - Exhibit Hall - Poster Area 4) - Sep 25, 2019 - Abstract #CHEST2019CHEST_3484;
Noted that he was evaluated by plastic surgery who recommended sulfamylon dressing and debridement of the dead tissue.Clinically, Levamisole induced skin toxicity manifests typically as large painful bullae and/or necrosis with the face being mostly involved (especially helices and cheeks) as was the case of our patient. Levamisole related toxicity, though well described in the medical literature, is still under recognized.We present this case to shed light on a clinical presentation that will increasingly face clinicians in the setting of increasing Levamisole-contaminated cocaine use.
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LEVAMISOLE-ADULTERATED COCAINE INDUCED PAUCI-IMMUNE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (Ernest N. Morial Convention Center - Exhibit Hall - Poster Area 4) - Sep 25, 2019 - Abstract #CHEST2019CHEST_3437;
This case brings cocaine abuse and levamisole-associated complications into light. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine induced vasculitis, although a diagnosis of exclusion should be kept in the differential diagnosis of all cocaine users presenting with vasculitis and nephropathy with positive ANCA titers.
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Tumefactive inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users: report of three cases (Poster Exhibition) - Aug 28, 2019 - Abstract #ECTRIMS2019ECTRIMS_782;
Toxicological interpretations in intoxication cases with adulterated cocaine should not only consider levamisole but also tetramisole and terminology in scientific contributions should be used accordingly. Based on the history and images of our patients and other two similar case reports, we suggest a probable pathophysiological relationship between levamisole-adulterated cocaine use and the occurrence of tumefactive MIL with atypical demyelinating lesions, even when they present following a BCS imaging pattern.
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Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of disseminated encephalomyelitis in adults (Pubmed Central) - Aug 27, 2019
To make a correct diagnosis in the first episode of acute multifocal brain lesion, a dynamic observation, including repeated MRI, is needed. The development of specific biomarkers may be of great importance for the early differential diagnosis of demyelinating diseases.
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Efficacy and safety of levamisole as an immunomodulator in the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (TP-37) - Aug 26, 2019 - Abstract #ERS2019ERS_4875;
The development of specific biomarkers may be of great importance for the early differential diagnosis of demyelinating diseases. Levamisole along with anti-TB therapy in patients of drug resistant tuberculosis led to significantly better sputum conversion and improvement in comparison to anti-TB therapy alone with acceptable adverse effects (gastritis).
- |||||||||| Desoxyn (methamphetamine) / Lundbeck, Ergamisol (levamisole) / J&J
Impact of Polysubstance Use on Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in Homeless and Unstably Housed Women (Zone 3, Science and Technology Hall) - Aug 21, 2019 - Abstract #AHA2019AHA_5873;
Polysubstance use was associated with elevated markers of cardiac injury, dysfunction, and fibrosis in homeless and unstably housed women, suggesting that the use of these substances may act as a chronic cardiac insult. Consideration of polysubstance use as an additional risk factor for CVD, and the role of drug use in risk stratification merit additional investigation.
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Preclinical, Journal: Report: An ex vivo up-take of levamisole molecules by cestode (Monezia expensa) of goat (Capra hirsa) and its detection through RP-HPLC. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 15, 2019
Levamisole (LEV) molecules assay was obtained on a C18 reverse-phase (20um, 6mm x 150mm) column at flow rate of 1ml/min using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as mobile phase and UV detection was done at 254nm. The development of method of Levamisole (LEV) detection from cestodal tissues by HPLC in vitro samples has been demonstrated first time in Pakistan, which can provide the solution of parasitic control and provide in sight in to the uptake of anti cestodal drugs either against human or livestock parasites.
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Clinical, Journal: Hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP is increased in blood plasma of prostate cancer patients. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 8, 2019
...NTPDase inhibitor (ARL67156) and the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor (levamisole) did not alter ATP hydrolysis...Patients of all clinical stages presented an elevated AMPase activity. Therefore, we can suggest that the nucleotide hydrolysis might be attributed to soluble ecto-enzymes present in the plasma, which, in a coordinate manner, produce adenosine in the blood stream, favoring prostate cancer progression.
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Levamisole Contaminated Cocaine Presenting as Gastrointestinal Ulcerations and Bleed (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) - Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_900;
To our knowledge, this is the first case of levamisole-contaminated cocaine induced gastrointestinal ulceration and bleed. This case illustrates the potential for severe gastrointestinal ulcers and bleed with the use of levamisole and the value of high index of suspicion.
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Preclinical, Journal: In vitro activity of ivermectin againstclinical isolates. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 21, 2019
...Different anthelmintics including levamisole, albendazole and ivermectin were tested against S. aureus to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations...Nevertheless, we have extended the broad range of known pharmacological effects of ivermectin. As pharmacology and toxicology of ivermectin are well known, its further development as an anti-staphylococcal agent is potentially appealing.
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Preclinical, Journal: A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2019
As expected, oral administration of GRT and GFR markedly enhanced the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, and GRT and GFR did this relatively better than GSM, GLF, and GSD. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on different parts of ginseng.
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Journal: First detection of ivermectin resistance in oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 5, 2019
The detection of IVM resistance in Oesophagostomum species worms for the first time in UK pigs is particularly important considering the global situation where resistance to pyrantel, levamisole and benzimidazole anthelmintics in Oesophagostomum species in pigs have already been reported. The results also provide an opportunity to discuss the wider issue of anthelmintic usage and efficacy on pig farms and highlight the need for wider surveillance for the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in pigs.
- |||||||||| cariporide (Hoe-642) / Sanofi, Ergamisol (levamisole) / J&J
Journal: Support of Bone Mineral Deposition by Regulation of pH. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
We conclude that mineral deposition in bone collagen is pH dependent, in keeping with H removal by Cl,H antiporters and Na/H-exchangers. Periodic orientation hydroxyapatite is organized on type I collagen coiled-coils.
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Journal: Nematode resistance to five anthelmintic classes in naturally infected sheep herds in Northeastern Brazil. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 30, 2019
...In each herd, 30 animals were divided into five groups containing six animals each: group I, treated with albendazole 10%, 4 mg/kg; group II, ivermectin 0.08%, 0.2 mg/kg; group III, closantel 10%, 10 mg/kg; group IV, levamisole hydrochloride 5%, 5 mg/kg; and group V, monepantel 2.5%, 2.5 mg/kg...Immediately after the FECRT result, two ewes were euthanized and necropsied, and Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum columbianum, and Trichuris ovis were recovered. It was concluded that the resistance of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes to antthelmintic, including monepantel, is high.
- |||||||||| Ergamisol (levamisole) / J&J
Clinical, Journal: Effect of the Dispersion States of Azone in Hydro-alcoholic Gels on its Transdermal Permeation Enhancement Efficacy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 26, 2019
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dispersion states of azone in gels on the transdermal permeation of levamisole hydrochloride (LH)...Addition of extra amount of Tween80 (> 0.5%) reduced the amount of azone distributed in the skin, thus decreased the transdermal drug permeation. The results partly elucidated the versatile effects of the dispersion states of azone on the transdermal permeation of hydrophilic drug from semisolid gels.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Ergamisol (levamisole) / J&J
Clinical, Review, Journal: Levamisole in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Clinical Efficacy and Pathophysiological Aspects. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2019
Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative with immune-modulatory properties. In this article, we review recent data from randomized trials and observational studies to assess the efficacy of levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
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Journal: Sorption and leaching behavior of bithionol and levamisole in soils. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 15, 2019
DOM showed little influence on the concentration of BIT and LEV in the leachates collected at different time. The results could fill the gap on the behavior of BIT and LEV in soil under laboratory conditions.
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Review, Journal: Levamisole-induced vasculopathy: A systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2019
Long-term follow-up trials focused on gonadal toxicity and limitation of maximum dosage of cyclophosphamide should been carried out. Levamisole-induced vasculopathy is characterized by a female predominance, skin involvement, ANCA and/or APL antibody positivity, leukopenia, vasculitis or vascular thrombotic histological lesions, and despite possible systemic involvement, a favourable outcome with levamisole interruption.
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Journal: Multi-drug resistant Haemonchus contortus in a sheep flock in Antioquia, Colombia. (Pubmed Central) - May 30, 2019
...The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted on 70 out of 500 animals allocated into five groups of 14 animals each: untreated control, albendazole (ABZ; 3.5mg/kg sc), ivermectin (IVM; 0.2mg/kg sc), moxidectin (MOX; 0.2mg/kg sc) and levamisole (LEV; 5mg/kg sc) plus triclabendazol/ivermectin (TBZ; 10mg/kg and IVM; 0.2mg/kg po)...The LDA results indicated high resistance to all 4 anthelmintics for both parasite species. The current study, together with similar surveys in 4 other Antioquian goat and sheep farms, confirms the presence of multi-drug resistant H. contortus to all three classes of anthelmintics in this region of Colombia.
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