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Journal: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Application in Drug Discovery. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2020
Herein, we review the biosynthesis of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators and highlight their biological actions that may be exploited for drug development. Lastly, we provide examples of medicinal chemistry research that has utilized n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as novel lead compounds in drug design.
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Journal: Limited Antioxidant Effect of Rosemary in Lipid Oxidation of Pan-Fried Salmon. (Pubmed Central) - May 11, 2020
Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) rich fatty fish is known to provide an array of health benefits...However, RO lowered lipid peroxidation by lessening hydroperoxide and 4-HNE formation, but not the other related products (HDHA, HETE, isoprostanes). Our observation indicates that the antioxidant capacity of RO, when it is incorporated with food, becomes limited.
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Journal: Effect of the double bond conjugation on the vascular physiology and nitric oxide production of isomers of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids prepared from shark oil. (Pubmed Central) - May 11, 2020
A collection of evidence suggests that conjugation of double bonds of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), increases their anticarcinogenic activity; however, the effect of such conjugation on vascular tone activity remains unknown...Compared to nonconjugated PUFAs, conjugated isomers exhibited an increase in the dilatation of the aortic rings (P<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). In addition, nonconjugated PUFAs produced nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner, while conjugated PUFAs did not, suggesting that their dilatation mechanism is not totally dependent on NO.
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Clinical, Journal: Fish oil supplementation during adolescence attenuates metabolic programming of perinatal maternal high-fat diet in adult offspring. (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2020
Perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases susceptibility to obesity and fatty liver diseases in adult offspring, which can be attenuated by the potent hypolipidaemic action of fish oil (FO), an n-3 PUFA source, during adult life...FO intake did not change serum lipids; however, it restored hepatic triglyceride content and hepatic markers of lipid oxidation to STD offspring levels. Therefore, we concluded that FO intake exclusively during adolescence programmed STD offspring and reprogrammed HFD offspring male rats to a healthier metabolic phenotype at adult life, reducing visceral adiposity, serum leptin and hepatic triglycerides content in offspring adulthood.
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Journal: Impact of a 25% Salt Reduction on the Microbial Load, Texture, and Sensory Attributes of a Traditional Dry-Cured Sausage. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2020
IDr 3% NaCl samples had the highest mean n6/n3 PUFA ratio, and the highest mean values for the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, showing that both genotype and salt content influence these nutritional indices...Regarding sensory attributes, salt content influenced the product aroma, with reduced-salt sausages being evaluated as significantly less aromatic. Overall, a 25% salt reduction did not have a significant impact on the quality, stability, and sensory evaluation of Catalão.
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Review, Journal: Updates to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway: DHA synthesis rates, tetracosahexaenoic acid and (minimal) retroconversion. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2020
By building on nearly three decades of research primarily in cell culture and oral dosing studies, recent evidence presented focuses on in vivo kinetic modelling and compound-specific isotope abundance studies in rodents and humans that have been instrumental in expanding our knowledge of the pathway. Specifically, we highlight three main updates to the n-3 PUFA biosynthesis pathway: (1) DHA synthesis rates cannot be as low as previously believed, (2) DHA is both a product and a precursor to tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) and (3) increases in EPA in response to DHA supplementation are not the result of increased retroconversion.
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Journal: EPA is Cardioprotective in Male Rats Subjected to Sepsis, but ALA Is Not Beneficial. (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2020
The animals were fed a diet deficient in n-3 PUFAs (DEF group), a diet enriched with ALA (ALA group) or a diet fortified with EPA (EPA group) for 6 weeks...Its action necessitates both resolution of inflammation and increased coronary perfusion. In that sense, dietary ALA, which does not allow the accumulation of vasodilator precursors in membrane lipids, cannot be protective during the pathology.
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Journal: Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of the Lipid Fraction of Skin-On and Skinless Fillets of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio). (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2020
The Carp fillet with skin contained significantly (p ≤ 0.01) more fat (by 2.69 pp) and calories (by 92.16 kJ∙100 g) than the skinless fillet, and over three times as much n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. In the skin-on fillet, the lipid oxidation and hydrolysis parameters were significantly higher, but did not deviate from the values specified for fresh fish and/or fish fit for consumption.
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Clinical, Journal: Comparison of Chemical Composition and Safety Issues in Fish Roe Products: Application of Chemometrics to Chemical Data. (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2020
We highlighted the differences between eggs originated by farmed and freshwater fish, enriched in n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and all the others, in which n3 PUFAs were prevalent...Organic acids determination showed values in compliance with European Union (EU) regulations in almost of samples; in some cases, we found a mismatch between the organic acids detected and what was reported in labels. Processed fish roes could be considered a safe product that can provide to human nutrition a valuable content of essential fatty acids.
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Preclinical, Journal: The effect of combined diet containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and silymarin on metabolic syndrome in rats. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2020
Therefore, our hypothesis is that the fish oil (containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFA) in a combination with silymarin can more effectively protect against hypertriglyceridemia-induced metabolic disturbances...In addition, an increase in Abcg5 and Abcg8 mRNA expression (as genes affecting lipid homeostasis) as well as in protein content of ABCG5 (+78 %) and ABCG8 (+232 %) transporters have been determined in the liver of treated rats. Our findings suggest that this combined diet could be used in the prevention of hypertriglyceridemia-induced metabolic disorders.
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Dietary fats directly impact viral immunity by modifying membrane flexibility and how T cells see antigen (Board Number: P766) - Apr 25, 2020 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2020IMMUNOLOGY_437;
Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have are increasingly consumed for their health benefits and exhibit immunosuppressive effects on both innate and adaptive immunity...This resulted in decreased numbers of SLEC and effector cytokines without impeding viral clearance. Our work indicates that a major effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on T cells is the modification of the cell membrane to dampen the initial recognition of antigen leading to decreased but effective immunity.
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Journal: The role of marine omega-3 in human neurodevelopment, including Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - a review. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 24, 2020
This rise may be associated with a higher dietary intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lower of n-3 PUFAs...Higher DHA status at birth was associated with better childhood neurodevelopmental, but controversial results found in prenatal supplementation raised the hypothesis that the benefits of DHA may be influenced by other factors as socio-economic background and life-style. In conclusion, an optimal DHA provision through maternal diet or breastfeed may promote some neuronal protection in specific offspring's populations, suggesting that DHA may act as a modifiable risk factor for ASD and ADHD.
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Journal: Variation in Lipid Components from 15 Species of Tropical and Temperate Seaweeds. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 23, 2020
Chlorophylls, their derivatives, and carotenoids are known to have health benefits, such as antioxidant activities, while n-3 PUFAs are known to be essential nutrients that positively influence human nutrition and health. Therefore, seaweed lipids could be used as a source of ingredients with health benefits for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Preclinical, Journal: A high-carbohydrate diet induces greater inflammation than a high-fat diet in mouse skeletal muscle. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 23, 2020
However, the HCD increased arachidonic acid levels, SFA/n-3 PUFA ratio, DNL, SCD-1, D6D, and MPO activities, and expression of IL-6, contrasting with the general idea that increased lipid deposition is associated with more intense inflammation. The HCD was more potent to induce skeletal muscle inflammation than the HFD, regardless of the lower lipid accumulation.
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Omega 3 Fatty Acids May Exert Anti-arrhythmic Effects By Altering Expression Of Calcium Handling Proteins In Human Heart (Poster Hall) - Apr 22, 2020 - Abstract #RHYTHM2020RHYTHM_205;
It is thus necessary to implement appropriate marketing strategies in order to highlight the nutritional properties of the modified patties, making them competitive ahead of conventional patties. n-3PUFA supplementation and incorporation in human cardiomyocyte membrane alters expression levels of calcium handling proteins ryanodine receptor and phospholamban which might reduce cellular calcium overload and prevent arrhythmogenic diastolic calcium release.
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Trial completion date, Trial initiation date, Trial primary completion date: ALTA: Altering Lipids for Tolerance of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy (clinicaltrials.gov) - Apr 19, 2020
P2, N=75, Not yet recruiting,
Higher serum n-3 PUFA are independently associated with a lower increase in the QW immediately after TKA. Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Mar 2023 | Initiation date: Mar 2020 --> Jun 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2022 --> Dec 2022
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Journal: Docosahexaenoic acid and hydroxytyrosol co-administration fully prevents liver steatosis and related parameters in mice subjected to high-fat diet: A molecular approach. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 19, 2020
Considering that the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulates lipid metabolism and the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) diminishes oxidative stress underlying fatty liver, it is hypothesized that HFD-induced steatosis is suppressed by DHA and HT co-administration...The combined DHA + HT protocol fully prevented liver steatosis and the concomitant pro-inflammatory state induced by HFD, with suppression of lipogenic and oxidative stress signaling, recovery of fatty acid oxidation capacity and enhancement in resolvin availability affording higher inflammation resolution capability. Abrogation of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by DHA and HT co-administration represents a crucial therapeutic strategy eluding disease progression into stages lacking efficacious handling at present time.
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Preclinical, Journal: Effects of enriched endogenous omega-3 fatty acids on age-related hearing loss in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 16, 2020
Body weights were significantly reduced in Fat-1 mice at 13 months, but not at 2, 10, and 16-17 months. In conclusion, enriched endogenous n-3 PUFAs produced due to the expression of the Fat-1 transgene partially alleviated AHL in male C57BL/6N mice.
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Journal: Higher intake of dietary n-3 PUFA and lower MUFA are associated with fewer menopausal symptoms. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 16, 2020
In conclusion, enriched endogenous n-3 PUFAs produced due to the expression of the Fat-1 transgene partially alleviated AHL in male C57BL/6N mice. Consuming diets low in MUFA intake, but high in n-3 PUFA, and with a more favorable ratio of n-3:n-6 PUFA may be helpful for improving menopausal symptoms.
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Clinical, Journal: Associations Between Linoleic Acid Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among U.S. Men and Women. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 15, 2020
Consuming diets low in MUFA intake, but high in n-3 PUFA, and with a more favorable ratio of n-3:n-6 PUFA may be helpful for improving menopausal symptoms. Our study provides additional evidence that LA intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fats, or carbohydrates.
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Journal: Lipids and Fatty Acids of Sea Hares Aplysia kurodai and Aplysia juliana: High Levels of Icosapentaenoic and n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acids. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2020
The primary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the neutral lipids of all gastropod organs consisted of four shorter chain n-3 PUFAs: linolenic acid (LN, 18:3n-3), icosatetraenoic acid (ITA, 20:4n-3), icosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3)...Various n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (18:2n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:3n-6, 20:3n-6, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3, n-3 ITA, and 22:3n-6,9,15) comprised the biosynthetic profiles of A. kurodai and A. juliana. Both Aplysia species have traditionally been eaten as local foods in Japan, and the high levels of n-3 (EPA and n-3 DPA) and n-6 (ARA and DTA) PUFAs indicate that they are a healthful addition to a human's diet.
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Preclinical, Journal: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA, as a Part of a Murine High-Fat Diet, Reduced Lipid Accumulation in Brown and White Adipose Tissues. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2020
The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are suggested to mitigate this inflammatory response, but the mechanisms are unclear, especially at the tissue level...The transcriptomic analysis showed changes in β-oxidation pathways, supporting the decreased lipid accumulation in the HFD-ED fed mice. Therefore, our data suggests that EPA and DHA supplementation of a high fat diet may be anti-inflammatory, as well as reduce lipid accumulation in adipose tissues.
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Journal: A peroxidized omega-3-enriched polyunsaturated diet leads to adipose and metabolic dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2020
Mice fed the n-3 PUFA diet for 16 weeks displayed a striking reduction in weight gain accompanied by smaller adipose depots and improved glucose sensitivity...Furthermore, using a lipidomics approach, we have observed that brain, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue accumulate lipid metabolites differently. The brain remained mostly shielded from changes in dietary fat type and amount, but differences in adipose lipid metabolites across these six diets may have affected metabolic function and brain-adipose communication, as observed in this study.
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