- |||||||||| Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3-fatty acids in elderly patients with depression. (Pubmed Central) - May 2, 2019
In the depressive group, the pooled Hedges g was -0.94 (95% CI, -1.37 to -0.50]) for the random-effects model, which indicated a large effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on those with depressed mood compared with placebo. Although this review shows that omega-3 fatty acids are effective in the treatment of elderly depressed patients, the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation were significant only in the elderly patients with mild to moderate depression.
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Journal: Fish consumption, fish oil supplements and risk of atherosclerosis in the Tromsø study. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 30, 2019
We found no protective effect of fatty fish eating or fish oil supplements on atherosclerotic plaque formation or plaque area in a general population. Lean fish consumption was associated with a reduced risk for plaque in cross-sectional analysis, suggesting that the beneficial effects of fish consumption on atherosclerosis may be mediated through other mechanisms than n-3 PUFAs.
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Journal: Activation of Lipid Mediator Formation Due to Lipoprotein Apheresis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2019
Our data illustrate-particularly in HELP-treated patients-significant decreases of essential omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood plasma but significant increases of PUFA-derived lipoxygenase-, as well as cyclooxygenase- and cytochrome P450-derived lipid mediators. Given that n-3 PUFAs in particular are presumed to be cardioprotective and n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators might limit inflammatory reactions, these data indicate that n-3 PUFA supplementation in the context of lipid apheresis treatment might have additional benefits through apheresis-triggered protective n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators.
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Journal: Mediterranean X Western based diets: opposite influences on opioid reinstatement. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2019
...Rats fed with MBD (chow plus 20% soybean- and fish-oil- n-6/n-3 PUFA 1:1) or WBD (WBD- PO or WBD-IF: chow plus 20% of palm oil or interesterified fat, respectively; high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio) were exposed to morphine in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm...In the nucleus accumbens, WBDs increased dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine receptor-2 (D2R) immunoreactivity and decreased dopamine receptor-1 (D1R). These findings indicate that WBDs facilitate morphine-reinstatement, unlike MBD, preserving the DA system mesolimbic neuroplasticity.
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Clinical, Journal: Omega-6: Omega-3 PUFA Ratio, Pain, Functioning, and Distress in Adults with Knee Pain. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
In adults with knee pain, a high n-6:n-3 ratio is associated with greater clinical pain/functional limitations, experimental pain sensitivity, and psychosocial distress compared to a low ratio group. Findings support consideration of the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio and additional clinical endpoints in future research efforts.
- |||||||||| Journal: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and dysregulations in biological stress systems. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
Our study confirmed that having various (cumulative) indicators of dysregulation of three biological stress systems was significantly associated with lower n-3 PUFA and DHA plasma levels. If low n-3 PUFA levels are the cause of dysregulated stress systems, then n-3 PUFA supplementation might reduce biological stress and thereby improve somatic and mental health.
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Journal: Omega-3 encapsulation by PGSS-drying and conventional drying methods. Particle characterization and oxidative stability. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS)-drying has been used as a green alternative to encapsulate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) at mild, non-oxidative conditions...Compared to conventionally dried powders, PGSS-dried microparticles showed lower primary and secondary oxidation after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Ascorbic acid addition combined with the mild processing conditions of PGSS-drying yielded particles with a maximum peroxide value of 2.5 meq O/kg oil after 28 days of storage at 4 °C.
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Journal: Lower follicular n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are associated with a better response to ovarian stimulation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 26, 2019
We have described 32 FAs in ovarian FF, of which 16 changed their distribution with follicle size. The results also indicate that lower n-3 PUFA levels in large follicles, which are associated with younger women, predict a better response to ovarian stimulation based on the recovery of total and mature oocytes, total and top-quality embryos, and fertilization rate per cycle.
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Journal: Determination of optimum carcass weight for meat quality and fatty acid composition in fat-tailed male and female Chall lambs. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 24, 2019
Results show that as the animal grow faster and achieved HCW, the IMF content also increased mainly as storage triglyceride, while functional fats consisting long-chain omega-3 did not increase proportionately. In addition, the study also demonstrates that using IMF for predicting or assessing meat quality aspects such as juiciness and flavor or the nutritional value of meat relating to health claimable fatty acids would not be appropriate.
- |||||||||| Preclinical, Journal: Obesity-associated alterations in cardiac connexin-43 and PKC signaling are attenuated by melatonin and omega-3 fatty acids in female rats. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 20, 2019
...Possible benefit of the supplementation with melatonin (40 µg/ml/day) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omacor, 25 g/kg of rat chow) was examined as well...There was a clear benefit of melatonin or omega-3 PUFA supplementation due to their antiarrhythmic effects associated with the attenuation of myocardial Cx43, PKC, and miR-30a abnormalities as well as adiposity. The potential impact of these findings may be considerable, and suggests that high-sucrose intake impairs myocardial signaling mediated by Cx43 and PKC contributing to increased susceptibility of the older obese female rat hearts to malignant arrhythmias.
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Journal: Directly quantified dietary n-3 fatty acid intakes of Canadian toddlers are lower than current dietary recommendations. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 17, 2019
Compared with North American dietary reference intakes, 45% of our children met the minimal recommended intake of ALA, whereas only 5% consumed the target intake of EPA plus DHA. These results indicate that Canadian children aged 2 to 3 years struggle to consume adequate intakes of the n-3 PUFA ALA and particularly EPA/DHA; efforts to narrow this gap should focus on increasing EPA and DHA intakes by appropriate fish/seafood consumption along with enriched foods or supplements if necessary.
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Clinical, Journal: Young Child Formula: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 11, 2019
...Based on the evidence, ESPGHAN CoN suggests that the nutrient composition of YCF should be similar to that of follow-on formulae with regards to energy and nutrients that may be deficient in the diets of European young children such as iron, vitamin D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), whereas the protein content should aim toward the lower end of the permitted range of follow-on formulae if animal protein is used...Follow-on formulae can be used for the same purpose. Other strategies for optimizing nutritional intake include promotion of a healthy varied diet, use of fortified foods, and use of supplements.
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Preclinical, Journal: Effects of n-3 PUFA enriched and n-3 PUFA deficient diets in naïve and Aβ-treated female rats. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2019
Moreover, chronic exposure to n-3 PUFA deficient diet led to highly negative alterations in behavioural and neurochemical parameters, while lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA enriched diet was able to restore the Aβ-induced depressive-like profile in female rats. In conclusion, the Aβ-induced depressive-like profile was reversed by n-3 PUFA supplementation, indicating a possible therapeutic role of n-3 PUFA in the treatment of the burden of depressive disorders.
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Journal: Algal oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppresses B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis by autophagy induction. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2019
...n-3 PUFAs were significantly increased in lung metastatic tissues from mice treated with algal oil, especially rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)...In addition, algae oil-triggered autophagy was mediated by inactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), which led to a decrease in p62 accumulation and decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These results suggest that algal oil exerts its antitumourigenic activities via autophagy-mediated p62 elimination and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Preclinical, Journal: Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury is Attenuated in Transgenic fat-1 Mice Endogenously Synthesizing Long-chain n-3 Fatty Acids. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2019
Additionally, the augment of endogenous n-3 PUFA reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) - mediated inflammation response induced by APAP treatment in the liver. These findings indicate that n-3 PUFA has potent protective effects against APAP-induced acute liver injury, suggesting that n-3 dietary supplement with n-3 PUFA may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP overdose.
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Review, Journal: Differentiating the biological effects of linoleic acid from arachidonic acid in health and disease. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2019
The evidence suggests that a pro-inflammatory view of LA and AA may be over simplified. Overall, this review highlights gaps in our understanding of the biological roles of LA, AA and their complex relationship with n-3 PUFA and the need for future studies that examine the roles of individual fatty acids, rather than groups.
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Biomarker, Clinical, Review, Journal: Dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiologic evidence. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 5, 2019
Evidence from appropriately designed and vigorously executed randomized controlled trials support that high-PUFA (predominantly linoleic acid) and low-SFA diets, compared to high-SFA diets, reduced the risk of coronary heart disease. Overall, epidemiologic studies provide a solid evidence base of the current dietary guidelines that recommend replacing SFA by PUFA, both n-6 and n-3 PUFA, for CVD prevention.
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Journal: Delta-6-desaturase (FADS2) inhibition and omega-3 fatty acids in skeletal muscle protein turnover. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 30, 2019
...Twenty C57BL6 male mice were fed a high-fat lard (HFL, 45% fat (mostly lard), 35% carbohydrate and 20% protein, n-6:n-3 PUFA, 13:1) diet for 6 weeks...Our aim was to determine the role of PUFA metabolites, DHA and EPA, in skeletal muscle protein turnover and assess the effects of n-3s independently. We observed that by inhibiting the FADS2 enzyme, the protective effect of n-3s on protein synthesis and proliferation was lost; concomitantly, protein degradation was increased with FADS2 inhibition regardless of diet.
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Preclinical, Journal: Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions are suppressed in fat-1 transgenic mice through the inhibition of inflammasomes. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 29, 2019
...Here, we examined the effects of endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs on atopic dermatitis, a representative Th2-dominant allergic inflammatory disease...Similar results were observed in HDM-challenged fat-1 mice. This study confirms the results of previous clinical studies and suggests fish oil supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.
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Journal: Patterns of Biodynamic Milk Fatty Acid Composition Explained by A Climate-Geographical Approach. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 28, 2019
The differentiation of biodynamic milk FA composition is consistent with the existing knowledge about the effects of fresh grass, fodder, and ratio composition on the milk's FA composition. Based on the n6/n3 PUFA ratio, the average biodynamic dairy cow had a high intake (>82%) of fresh grass and conserved roughage (hay and grass silage), especially in the summer.
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Journal: Development of an Optimized LC-MS Method for the Detection of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Biological Samples. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 24, 2019
The cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) are believed to be partly mediated by their oxygenated metabolites (oxylipins)...Following septic shock or peritonitis, SPMs could be quantified in the samples of several patients. However, in these studies with a small number of patients no clear correlation with severity of inflammation could be observed.
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Clinical, Journal: A Prospective Study of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake and Lung Cancer Risk. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 14, 2019
Total PUFAs and the ratio between n-6 PUFAs and n-3 PUFAs were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. Our current study highlights an important public health impact of PUFA intakes toward intervention/prevention programs of lung cancer.
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