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Preclinical, Journal: Dietary Lowering of omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Lowered Voluntary Ethanol Binge-drinking in Mice (OR19-02-19). (Pubmed Central) - Jun 23, 2019
Our objective is to examine the effects of lowering dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid; LA) and/or supplementation of omega-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid; EPA and DHA) on voluntary ethanol binge drinking and pathway networks involved in the interactions of PUFA and ethanol in mesolimbic circuit of the brain...Dietary lowering of n-6 PUFA may be an effective strategy in preventing voluntary alcohol binge drinking which is a major public health concern. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Section of Nutritional Neuroscience.
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Journal: Dietary Intakes of Fatty Acids in Midlife and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Late Life: The Singapore Chinese Health Study (P01-009-19). (Pubmed Central) - Jun 23, 2019
...The OR (95% CI) comparing extreme quartiles of specific dietary fats was 1.08 (0.89-1.31) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs; P-trend = 0.50), 0.81 (0.65-1.00) for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; P-trend = 0.03), 0.83 (0.71-0.97) for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; P-trend < 0.001), 0.92 (0.77-1.10) for n-3 PUFAs (P-trend = 0.49), and 0.83 (0.71-0.99) for n-6 PUFAs (P-trend = 0.01)...Our results indicate the importance of considering the quality of fat intake in preventing cognitive impairment. National Medical Research Council, Singapore; National Institutes of Health; National Key Research and Development Program of China.
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Clinical, Journal: Association Between Erythrocyte Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Incidence of Metabolism Syndrome and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Population Prospective Study (OR19-08-19). (Pubmed Central) - Jun 23, 2019
...The multivariable adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of incidence of MS for the top (vs. lowest) tertile of erythrocyte PUFA were 0.71 (0.59, 0.86) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA) for n-3 PUFAs and 0.57 (0.47, 0.69) (arachidonic acid, ARA) and 0.75 (0.62, 0.91) (dodecylthioacetic acid, DTA) for n-6 PUFAs (all Ps trend < 0.05) during the 5.4-year follow-up...2007032) by the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Clinical, Journal: Lean Fish Intake Decreases the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Norwegian Women (P18-036-19). (Pubmed Central) - Jun 23, 2019
The potential impact of seafood consumption and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplement use on the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not yet fully clarified...Intake of lean fish was associated with decreased risk of T2DM. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537-01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1).
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Journal: Genetic parameters of backfat fatty acids and carcass traits in Large White pigs. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2019
...Heritability values of FA classes were low-to-moderate, all in the range 0.245 for n-3 PUFA to 0.264 for monounsaturated FA (MUFA)...These results suggest that MUFA/SFA ratio could be increased without interfering with carcass traits. The level of genetic correlations between FA and carcass traits should be taken into account in dealing with the development of selection schemes addressed to modify carcass composition and/or backfat FAC.
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Journal: Flaxseed and dried tomato waste used together in laying hens diet. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2019
As a result of the dietary supplementation with flaxseed, the n-3 fatty acid content was 3.1-3.7-fold higher in egg yolk compared with the control and the n-6/n-3 ratio decreased from 18.3 (control) to 4.1-5.4 in supplemented diets. Dietary supplementation with 5% DTW effectively prevented lipid oxidation of eggs enriched with n-3 PUFA, but the increase in DTW content depressed the absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk.
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Clinical, Journal: Japan Diet Intake Changes Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Middle-Aged Men: A Pilot Study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 15, 2019
Dietary supplementation with 5% DTW effectively prevented lipid oxidation of eggs enriched with n-3 PUFA, but the increase in DTW content depressed the absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk. The Japan Diet is effective for changing the fatty acids to an anti-atherosclerotic profile.The clinical trial registration number: UMIN000020639.
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Preclinical, Journal: Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Hepatic Metabolism and Reduces Inflammation Independent of Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Mice and in HepG2 Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 15, 2019
...Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), improve inflammation- and dyslipidemia-related metabolic disorders; however, mechanisms mediating the benefits of n-3 PUFAs in NAFLD treatment are less understood...Furthermore, we identified several miRNAs that are regulated by EPA in mouse liver, including miR-19b-3p, miR-21a-5p, and others, which target lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, our findings provide novel mechanistic evidence for beneficial effects of EPA in NAFLD, through the identification of specific genes and miRNAs, which may be further exploited as future NAFLD therapies.
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Journal: Optimization of the complex therapy of chronic pancreatitis with metabolic syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 7, 2019
In conclusion, our findings provide novel mechanistic evidence for beneficial effects of EPA in NAFLD, through the identification of specific genes and miRNAs, which may be further exploited as future NAFLD therapies. Adding to the complex therapy of patients with chronic pancreatitis and the metabolic syndrome of the medicine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids helps to improve the lipid and prooxidation-antioxidant status more significantly compared with standard baseline therapy.
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Journal: Maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation promotes fetal brown adipose tissue development through epigenetic modifications in C57BL/6 mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2019
The offspring received maternal n-3 PUFA nutrition exhibited a significant increase in whole-body energy expenditure and better maintenance of core body temperature against acute cold treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation potentiates fetal BAT development via the synergistic action of miRNA production and histone modifications, which may confer long-lasting metabolic benefits to offspring.
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Journal: n-3 polyunsaturated N-acylethanolamines are CB cannabinoid receptor-preferring endocannabinoids. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2019
The n-3 NAEs (eicosapentaenoyl, docosapentaenoyl and docosahexaenoyl derivatives) activated CB receptors and some n-3 NAEs (docosapentaenoyl and docosahexaenoyl derivatives) also activated TRPV1 channels, but failed to activate the CB receptor. We hypothesise that the preferential activation of CB receptors by n-3 PUFA NAEs contributes, at least in some part, to their broad anti-inflammatory profile.
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Journal: Docosahexaenoic acid regulates the formation of lipid rafts: A unified view from experiment and simulation. (Pubmed Central) - May 29, 2019
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) that influences immunological, metabolic, and neurological responses through complex mechanisms...Finally, monolayer compression studies suggest that PDPC increases lipid-lipid immiscibility in the presence of SM/chol compared to POPC. Collectively, the data across model systems provide compelling support for the emerging model that DHA acyl chains of PC lipids tune the size of lipid rafts, which has potential implications for signaling networks that rely on the compartmentalization of proteins within and outside of rafts.
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Journal, Next-Generation Sequencing: Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Responsive Genes in the Juvenile Rat Cerebellum. (Pubmed Central) - May 29, 2019
Nr4a3, a transcriptional activator that plays roles in neuroprotection and learning, was elevated over 2-fold from the CO diet. These data indicate that expression of Nr4a3 in the juvenile rat cerebellum is responsive to dietary n-3 PUFA, but additional studies are needed clarify the neurodevelopmental relationships between n-3 PUFA and Nr4a3 and the resulting impacts.
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Preclinical, Journal: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and the Underlying Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism, Reveals Brain Hypoperfusion and Contributes to the Cognitive Decline in APP/PS1 Mice. (Pubmed Central) - May 28, 2019
...The diet-induced NAFLD disturbed monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs, PUFAs) metabolism in the plasma, liver, and brain, and particularly reduced n-3 PUFAs levels...NAFLD reduced plasma β- and β-amyloid levels and altered hepatic but not brain expression of genes involved in β-amyloid peptide production and clearance. Altogether, our results suggest that in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) diet-induced NAFLD contributes to the development and progression of brain abnormalities through unbalanced brain MUFAs and PUFAs metabolism and cerebral hypoperfusion, irrespective of brain amyloid pathology that may ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 11%, current asthma (ECRHS definition) was 8% and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH) was much higher (26%) In adjusted models the n-3 PUFAs 20:5 (EPA) and 22:5 (DPA) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of having NSBH. Total n-3 PUFA composition was associated with decreased NSBH risk (OR = 0.92), while high n-6 PUFA composition was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.14).
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Journal: Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. (Pubmed Central) - May 24, 2019
...The hepatopancreas fatty acid composition results showed that saturated fatty acids (SFA), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and n-3/n-6 were significantly higher in the autotomy group than in the control group at 21 d (P < 0.05), whereas the ∑ n-6 PUFA and ∑ n-3 PUFA at 1 d and 7 d, and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) at 28 d in the autotomy group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05)...Muscle L-tryptophan content was significantly lower at 1 d and significantly higher at 7 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that during the cheliped regeneration process, crabs could accelerate molting and regeneration by regulating growth-related gene expression (e.g., EcR-mRNA and MIH-mRNA) and nutrient metabolism (e.g., lipid metabolism).
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Clinical, Journal: Endotoxemia is modulated by quantity and quality of dietary fat in older adults. (Pubmed Central) - May 18, 2019
These results indicate that during the cheliped regeneration process, crabs could accelerate molting and regeneration by regulating growth-related gene expression (e.g., EcR-mRNA and MIH-mRNA) and nutrient metabolism (e.g., lipid metabolism). Our results, together with those obtained in a previous study, support the concept that the consumption of the Med Diet, in contrast to a low-fat PUFA diet, constitutes a more suitable dietary lifestyle for preventing the development of atherosclerosis in a population at risk, such as older adults.
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Clinical, Journal: Patterns of adipose tissue fatty acids and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A case-cohort study. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2019
Patterns consisting of marine n-3 PUFA and containing n-9 fatty acids were associated with a lower hazard of atrial fibrillation in women. In conclusion, patterns of fatty acids in adipose tissue identified by treelet transform may be differentially associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.
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Enrollment change: Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Endothelial Function (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 13, 2019
P3, N=34, Completed,
In conclusion, patterns of fatty acids in adipose tissue identified by treelet transform may be differentially associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation. N=50 --> 34
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Journal: Leukocyte extracellular vesicle concentration is inversely associated with liver fibrosis severity in NAFLD. (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2019
...In a pilot, substudy of the Wessex Evaluation of fatty Liver and Cardiovascular markers in NAFLD with OMacor thErapy (WELCOME) trial, we tested whether measurements of plasma platelet-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) counts are (a) associated with, and predict, F3/F4 fibrosis and (b) able to improve risk prediction of F3/F4 fibrosis in NAFLD, building upon LFS or NFS algorithms...The association between LFS and F3/F4 fibrosis was further improved by addition of CD14EVs (χ2=20.847,P = 0.016 vs. χ2=12.803,P = 0.015, respectively) or CD16EVs (χ2=22.205,P = 0.009 vs. χ2=17.559,P = 0.001, respectively), and the area under the ROC for LFS (AUC = 0.915, se = 0.055, P = 0.001) was increased by the addition of CD14or CD16EVs (AUC = 0.948, se = 0.042, and P < 0.001 and AUC = 0.967, se = 0.055, P < 0.001, respectively) as predictor variables. In this small preliminary study, CD14and CD16EV counts show potential to predict liver fibrosis severity with either marker improving the ability of the LFS to identify F3/F4 fibrosis in this small preliminary cohort study.
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Journal: Anti-pain and anti-inflammation like effects of Neptune krill oil and fish oil against carrageenan induced inflammation in mice models: Current statues and pilot study. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2019
...This study is aimed to examine the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Neptune krill oil (NKO) and fish oil (FO) in rodent model which are two well-known sources of rich content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mostly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)...Analysis of cytokines levels in the blood samples of the mice after induction inflammation by carrageenan indicated decreased levels of those proteins compared to that in the normal groups. Both tested drugs, effectively could reduce severe inflammation and pain in rodents in comparison with the references drugs (depends on the tests); however, NKO was found to be more effective.
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