- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Preclinical, Journal: Ursodeoxycholic Acid Alters Bile Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 14, 2019
...We found that UDCA treatment significantly improved most metabolic indices; tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) contents were increased in all examined tissues, whereas saturated FA levels were decreased, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) levels were increased in most tissues...Additionally, amino acid-conjugated derivatives of UDCA, such as TUDCA and TLCA, altered FFA profiles by modulating FFA biosynthesis, uptake, and oxidation. These findings provide evidence that UDCA can alleviate metabolic dysfunction and could therefore be effective in the treatment of obesity.
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Journal: Advances in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 9, 2019
This understanding of a wide spectrum of biological effects attributable to n-3 PUFA has been unsettled by a systematic review of randomized clinical intervention trials (RCTs) which has reported that n-3 PUFA have negligible or no effect on all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Here, possible reasons for the inconsistencies in regard to n-3 PUFA and cardiovascular diseases, along with the implications for their broader biology, are considered.
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Review, Journal: Enhancing Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content of Dairy-Derived Foods for Human Consumption. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 8, 2019
In our view, the mechanisms of n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway from ALA and the biohydrogenation of individual n-3 LC-PUFA in ruminants need to be better elucidated. Identified knowledge gaps regarding the activities of candidate genes regulating the concentrations of n-3 PUFA and the responses of ruminants to specific lipid supplementation regimes are also critical to a greater understanding of nutrition-genetics interactions driving lipid metabolism.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Review, Journal: Should omega-3 fatty acids be used for adjuvant treatment of cancer cachexia? (Pubmed Central) - Aug 7, 2019
Overall, our study is the first to address the deleterious effects of n-3 PUFA deficiency on brain lipid composition, inflammation and memory performances in MIA-exposed animals and indicates that it should be considered as a potent environmental risk factor for the apparition of neurodevelopmental disorders. Future cachexia trials would likely benefit from studying a single tumour type with earlier stage disease, with probably different dosage depending on the cancer type and its inflammatory profile.
- |||||||||| Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: VITAL: Study of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Supplementation for Preventing Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - Aug 1, 2019
P=N/A, N=25875, Active, not recruiting,
Our study demonstrates that n-6 PUFA may be harmful in excess and suggests the importance of a low tissue n-6/n-3 ratio in reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Trial completion date: Oct 2017 --> Oct 2019 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2017 --> Oct 2019
- |||||||||| NN1213 / Novo Nordisk
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Dry Eye Disease in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jul 30, 2019
P=N/A, N=25875, Active, not recruiting,
These findings could have public health implications with regard to lowering risk of all-cause mortality through dietary interventions. Trial completion date: Oct 2017 --> Dec 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2017 --> Dec 2020
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jul 30, 2019
P=N/A, N=25871, Active, not recruiting,
Trial completion date: Oct 2017 --> Dec 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2017 --> Dec 2020 Trial completion date: Dec 2017 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2017 --> Dec 2019
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Review, Journal: Adaptive thermogenesis by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Emerging evidence and mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 28, 2019
Additionally, we explore some future perspective that n-3 PUFA intake might be a useful strategy to boost or sustain metabolic activities of brown/beige fat at different lifecycle stages of pregnancy and senescence. Given that a high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, understanding the impact of n-6/n-3 ratio on energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis will inform the implementation of a novel nutritional strategy for preventing obesity.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Review, Journal: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 26, 2019
Our data add clinical evidence on the down-regulation of plasma SCD1 index by LCn-3PUFA in the context of realistic changes in fish consumption in the customary, non-supplemented diet. Marine n-3 PUFAs are likely to be an important tool for NAFLD treatment, although further studies are required to confirm this.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Journal: Dietary High-Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 24, 2019
Compared to controls, dietary FLAX maximally enriched the total n-3 and VLC n-3 PUFA contents in egg yolk by 9.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, while feeding hens 40 g HOSO/kg diet maximally attenuated the yolk deposition of ALA, VLC n-3 PUFA, and total n-3 PUFA by 37, 15, and 32%, respectively. These results suggest that dietary OLA is not neutral with regard to the overall process by which dietary ALA is absorbed, metabolized, and deposited into egg yolk, either intact or in the form of longer-chain/more unsaturated n-3 PUFA derivatives.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Preclinical, Journal: Complete assessment of whole-body n-3 and n-6 PUFA synthesis-secretion kinetics and DHA turnover in a rodent model. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 19, 2019
However, daily turnover from newly synthesized DHA (0.067% +/- 0.023%) was 56-fold to 556-fold slower than all other PUFA turnover and was 130-fold slower than that determined directly from the total plasma unesterified DHA pool. In conclusion, n-6 and n-3 PUFA synthesis-secretion kinetics suggest that differences in turnover, not in synthesis-secretion rates, primarily determine PUFA plasma levels.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Review, Journal: Effect of nutrients and exhaustive exercise on brain function. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 19, 2019
...The results revealed that frequent consumption of polyphenols and n-3 PUFAs could modify gastrointestinal environment with beneficial microorganisms...And moreover, prolonged physical exercise includes open skill sports which is induced by β-oxidation of free fatty acids stimulate BDNF. And also β-HB production which is induced by carbohydrate depletion, hypoglycemia, or fasting stimulate BDNF production that acts an significantly important roles in cognitive function and acting on brain function with brain metabolism.
- |||||||||| Avandia (rosiglitazone) / GSK
Preclinical, Journal: Short-Term Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α and γ Induces Tissue-Specific Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition in Male Wistar Rats. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 18, 2019
...Male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: a control group receiving placebo (n=8); a PPARα agonist group receiving WY-14,643 (n=6); and a PPARγ agonist group receiving rosiglitazone (n=6) for 12 days...Overall, rats treated with the PPARα agonist had higher hepatic saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and lower n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, compared to control...Moreover, both PPARα and PPARγ activation lowered plasma TAG and phospholipids, most likely through effects on liver and adipose tissue, respectively. In future studies we aim to reveal whether similar patterns can be found through diet-induced activation of specific pathways.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Journal: Endogenous Production of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Promotes Fracture Healing in Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 11, 2019
Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that endogenous n-3 PUFAs promoted local endochondral ossification and accelerated the remodeling of calcified calluses after fracture. In conclusion, the present study indicated that endogenously produced n-3 PUFAs promote fracture healing process and accelerate bone remodeling in mice, and supplementation of n-3 PUFAs was positively associated with fracture healing.
- |||||||||| Journal: The effects of diets enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on systemic vaccinia virus infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 11, 2019
Male C57Bl6 mice (~5 week old) were fed for 3 weeks prior to infection and continuing during infection and recovery one of the following: 1) a normal low fat (13% kcal) diet, 2) a low fat diet containing n-3 PUFAs, 3) a high fat (41% kcal) diet rich in n-3 PUFAs, 4) a high fat n-6 PUFA diet, or 5) a high fat monounsaturated diet. We found no statistically significant differences in the susceptibility of mice to viral infection, morbidity, viral organ titers, recovery time, or mortality with these diets, indicating that, over this approximately 6-week time period, dietary fats did not substantially affect responses to poxviral infection.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Journal: A Novel Dietary Source of EPA and DHA: Metabolic Engineering of an Important Freshwater Species-Common Carp by fat1-Transgenesis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 11, 2019
Our study demonstrates that in the transgenic group, the muscular lipid content did not change, while fat accumulations in the internal organs and especially in the liver were significantly decreased as a result of hyperactivation of fatty acid oxidation process. Finally, we conclude that the "all-fish" CA:fat1-transgenic freshwater fish-common carp-can serve as a novel healthy dietary source of n3-PUFAs, especially EPA and DHA.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Clinical, Journal: Dietary fats and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis in two population based cohort studies. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2019
...After multivariate adjustment, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with a lower cardiovascular disease mortality, compared with total carbohydrates: hazard ratios comparing the highest with the lowest quarter were 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.99; P for trend=0.03) for total PUFAs, 0.69 (0.52 to 0.90; P=0.007) for marine n-3 PUFAs, 1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) for α-linolenic acid, and 0.75 (0.56 to 1.01) for linoleic acid...In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher intake of PUFAs, in comparison with carbohydrates or saturated fatty acids, is associated with lower total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. These findings highlight the important role of quality of dietary fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and total mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes.
- |||||||||| neuroprotectin D1 / Anida Pharma
Review, Journal: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
...In studies with both animal models and humans, there is evidence that inadequate intake of maternal n-3 PUFA may lead to aberrant development and function of the central nervous system (CNS)...Current studies have revealed ability for the oxylipins to regulation of cell redox homeostasis through the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) anti-oxidant pathway, and impact signaling pathways associated with neurotransmitters, and modulation of neuronal functions involving brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This review is aimed at describing recent studies elaborating these mechanisms with special regard to aging and Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Review, Journal: Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human brain structure and function across the lifespan: An update on neuroimaging findings. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
While the weight of evidence provides general support for a beneficial effect of a habitual diet consisting of higher omega-3 PUFA intake on cortical structure and function in healthy human subjects, additional research is needed to replicate and extend these findings as well as identify response mediators and clarify mechanistic pathways. Controlled intervention trials are also needed to determine whether increasing n-3 PUFA biostatus can prevent or attenuate neuropathological brain changes observed in patients with or at risk for psychiatric disorders and dementia.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Journal, IO Biomarker: DHA, EPA and their combination at various ratios differently modulated Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been reported to prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both experimental and clinical/epidemiological studies...Furthermore, pure DHA was the most efficient for reducing Bax/Bcl ratio and Caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, DHA, EPA and their combination differently modulated Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by exerting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Journal: Changes in fatty acid profile of Bovec sheep milk due to different pasture altitude. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
...The concentration of α-linolenic FA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), PUFA and n-3 PUFA in milk were increased significantly with pasture altitude...The first variation in FA concentration in sheep milk occurred between L and M1, although it was more evident on H pastures in the Alpine mountains. Changes of the FA profile in sheep milk due to pasture altitude were related to variation in FA concentration in the pasture and the botanical composition of the pasture location.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Preclinical, Journal: A high linoleic acid diet exacerbates metabolic responses and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese rats with diabetes mellitus. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2019
...In this study, the association between metabolic responses and gut microbiota diversity at different dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios was evaluated in DM rats...The percentage of Firmicutes was lower in the DM groups than in the non-DM group; however, the L group showed a nonsignificantly higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than did the other groups. Thus, a low n-6/n-3 ratio diet can improve blood glucose homeostasis, reduce systematic inflammation, ameliorate glomerular basal membrane thickening, reduce the expression of receptors of advanced glycation end products in renal vessel walls, and prevent diabetic nephropathies.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: The emerging role of omega-3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option in neuropsychiatric disorders. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 3, 2019
This review gives an introduction to recent findings on the clinical efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in various neuropsychiatric disorders and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the reader will be enabled to identify common methodological weaknesses of clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs, and suggestions for the design of future studies are given.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Omega-3 fatty acids, membrane remodeling and cancer prevention. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 30, 2019
In this review, we describe scenarios in which changes in membrane composition impact human health. Particular focus is placed on the importance of intrinsic lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism and extrinsic dietary modification in cancer and its effect on plasma membrane properties.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 30, 2019
These studies indicate that n-3 PUFAs (both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) can decrease the expression of key adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, by ECs and that this results in decreased adhesive interactions between leukocytes and ECs. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFAs may lower leukocyte infiltration into the vascular wall, which could contribute to reduced atherosclerosis and lowered risk of cardiovascular disease.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Relationship Between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Psychopathology in the NEURAPRO Clinical Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 28, 2019
A total of 285 participants of the NEURAPRO clinical trial were investigated for erythrocyte PUFA levels, including the n-3 index, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)...These findings support the relevance of membrane fatty acids for the onset of psychotic symptoms and indicate that FAs should be further evaluated as biomarkers in the UHR for psychosis group. Clinical Trial Registration: ANZCTR, identifier: 12608000475347.
- |||||||||| omega-3 ethylester concentrate / generics
Preclinical, Journal: The Protective Role of Endogenous n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Tau Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 28, 2019
Our findings show high-risk subjects for dementia screened with CAIDE dementia score might benefit from multi-domain intervention strategies as in the MAPT study, particularly in the orientation and delayed recall domain. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs delayed the onset of Alzheimer's disease caused by tau protein dysfunction, alleviating related symptoms and significantly prolonging survival in vivo.
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