carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Artificial intelligence applications and robotic systems in Parkinson's disease (Review). (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 26, 2022   
    The authors identified significant evidence demonstrating that current AI-based technologies are feasible for automatic management of patients with advanced stages of PD. Improving the quality of care and reducing the cost for patients and healthcare systems are the most important advantages.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg., ropinirole IR / Generic mfg., pramipexole IR / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Parkinson's Disease Medication Alters Small Intestinal Motility and Microbiota Composition in Healthy Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 26, 2022   
    Overall, this study shows that PD medication is an important factor in determining gastrointestinal motility and, in turn, microbiota composition and may, partly, explain the differential abundant taxa previously reported in the cross-sectional PD microbiota human studies. The results urge future studies to take into account the influence of PD medication on gut motility and microbiota composition when seeking to identify microbiota-related biomarkers for PD.
  • ||||||||||  Triolex (NE3107) / BioVie
    Enrollment open, Trial initiation date:  NE3107 Activity and Safety in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Using Levodopa (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 25, 2022   
    P1/2,  N=40, Recruiting, 
    The results urge future studies to take into account the influence of PD medication on gut motility and microbiota composition when seeking to identify microbiota-related biomarkers for PD. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Nov 2021 --> Jan 2021
  • ||||||||||  amantadine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Impact of a Collaborative Pharmaceutical Care Service for Patients With Parkinson's Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 21, 2022   
    The CPCS was effective in resolving drug-related problems and in improving patients' medication regimens, medication adherence, and QoL through patient education and dosage adjustments. This is the first step in the development and feasibility testing of pharmacy services for PD patients in China.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effect of levodopa/carbidopa on stress response in zebrafish. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 19, 2022   
    Changes in cortisol levels suggest that DA was related to the balance of the stress response and that NE decreased this response. These effects were specific to stress since levodopa/carbidopa did not induce changes in cortisol in non-stressed fish.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg., levodopa/carbidopa orally disintegrating tablets / Generic mfg.
    Trial primary completion date:  Vigor and the LDR in Parkinson Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Dec 21, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=40, Recruiting, 
    Moreover, the various therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, chaperone proteins, and histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of GBA + PD are discussed. Trial primary completion date: Feb 2022 --> Feb 2023
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Daily Low-dose Niacin Supplementation Modulates Symptoms, Inflammation, andα-synuclein in Parkinson's Disease Subjects (Virtual Only) -  Dec 20, 2021 - Abstract #Neuroscience2021Neuroscience_2562;    
    Together, these results suggest a disease-modifying effect of niacin in PD patients, unlike Sinemet and other common PD medications, which only aim to reduce bothersome motor and non-motor symptoms. Future clinical trials will determine whether niacin is truly a disease-modifying vitamin and should be an adjunct therapy alongside typical PD medications.; Grant Support: VA Merit Grant RX001613; Sheffield Memorial Grant PSG00037
  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg., gabapentin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Pediatric Dystonic Storm: A Hospital-Based Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 30, 2021   
    Polypharmacotherapy with >4 drugs out of trihexyphenidyl, tetrabenazine, clonazepam, gabapentin, levodopa-carbidopa, trichlorophos, and melatonin was needed...All children were managed with midazolam infusion over 2-10 days (median: 5 days)...Vecuronium and propofol were used in 3/23 (13%) and 4/23 (17%) children, respectively...Supportive care, antidystonic drugs, and early elective ventilation alongside adequate sedation with benzodiazepines ameliorate complications. Relapses of dystonic storm are not uncommon.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The gut-brain connection in the pathogenicity of Parkinson disease: Putative role of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 24, 2021   
    The available class of drugs for effective symptomatic management of PD includes a combination of levodopa and carbidopa...However, this progression and resultant deterioration of the neurones can effectively be altered by an autophagy inducer, Trehalose, although the mechanism behind it is still enigmatic. Hence, this review will mainly focus on analysing the basic components of the gut that might be responsible for aggravating lewy pathology, the mediator(s) responsible for transmission of PD pathology from gut to brain and the important role of trehalose in ameliorating gut dysbiosis related PD complications that would eventually pave the way for therapeutic management of PD.
  • ||||||||||  Rytary (levodopa/carbidopa extended-release capsule) / Amneal
    Enrollment open:  Novel Non-opioid Post-surgical Pain Treatment in Females (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 18, 2021   
    P2,  N=60, Recruiting, 
    Hence, this review will mainly focus on analysing the basic components of the gut that might be responsible for aggravating lewy pathology, the mediator(s) responsible for transmission of PD pathology from gut to brain and the important role of trehalose in ameliorating gut dysbiosis related PD complications that would eventually pave the way for therapeutic management of PD. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Trial initiation date:  Levodopa and Exercise for Older Adults With Depression and Psychomotor Slowing (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 11, 2021   
    P4,  N=80, Recruiting, 
    For this reason, 4 cases of buried bumper syndrome treated with surgery are presented. Initiation date: Sep 2021 --> Jan 2022
  • ||||||||||  chlorpromazine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effect of M. chamomilla L. tea on chlorpromazine induced catalepsy: A neuroprotective study. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 11, 2021   
    Furthermore, immunostaining CD68 & CD21 of M. chamomilla L. treated rats mid brain region showed few CD68 cells & no polymorphs neutrophils after CD21 staining. Thus, this research work disclosed the neuroprotective effect of M. chamomilla L. tea against Parkinson's disease-like symptoms or anti-Parkinson's activity induced by CPZ.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Clinical Spectrum of TGM6-Related Movement Disorders: A New Report with a Pooled Analysis of 48 Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 7, 2021   
    The patients with PD had often early-onset milder symptoms, slower progression, and favorable response to levodopa/carbidopa...Most of the cases had missense mutations, without any definite hotspot or genotype-phenotype correlation. Conclusions  TGM6 mutation should be suspected in patients with SCA like presentation, especially when it is accompanied by extrapyramidal features, spasmodic torticollis, impaired proprioception, or myoclonus.
  • ||||||||||  sertraline / Generic mfg., amantadine / Generic mfg.
    Anaesthetic management of a patient with deep brain stimulation implant for total parotidectomy ([VIRTUAL]) -  Oct 31, 2021 - Abstract #Euroanaesthesia2021Euroanaesthesia_696;    
    Rocuronium was used to create better intubating conditions but residual neuromuscular blockade was reversed with sugamadex 200mg for facial nerve evaluation...Also, turning the neurostimulator off can precipitate sudden respiratory dysfunction, so all decisions regarding a potential shutdown should be weighed against the potential risk. .................................................................................…
  • ||||||||||  [VIRTUAL] Treatment Resistant Case of Morvan Syndrome () -  Oct 21, 2021 - Abstract #ANA2021ANA_414;    
    It is important to note that the diagnosis is solely clinical. We recognize this case is atypical since our patient has hypersomnia instead of insomnia (which still fulfills criteria of sleep disturbance) but the other findings are highly sugges tive of Morvan Syndrome.
  • ||||||||||  Comtan (entacapone) / Novartis, Orion Corp, Ongentys (opicapone) / Ono Pharma, Neurocrine, BIAL
    [VIRTUAL] Off-Time and Sleep in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Motor Fluctuations () -  Oct 21, 2021 - Abstract #ANA2021ANA_310;    
    Key findings include the high percent ages of study participants who experienced OFF-time before sleep, awoke in an OFF-state at night after falling asleep, or awoke in the morning in an OFF-state. Improving OFF periods before, during, and after nighttime sleep may be an important avenue for better sleep in patients with PD, which in turn may have positive effects on daytime motor perfor mance and quality of life.
  • ||||||||||  Ongentys (opicapone) / Ono Pharma, Neurocrine, BIAL
    [VIRTUAL] Evaluating Patients’ Preferences for Parkinson’s Disease Treatments () -  Oct 21, 2021 - Abstract #ANA2021ANA_303;    
    Patient feedback provided valuable insights on patient preferences that will be incorporated into a future online survey. Patients indicated that OFF-episodes are not well-controlled with currently available medications, and this research contributes to the literature on patients’ experiences with motor fluctuations to support identification of appropri ate treatment strategies for OFF-episodes.
  • ||||||||||  Ongentys (opicapone) / Ono Pharma, Neurocrine, BIAL
    [VIRTUAL] OPTI-ON: A Longitudinal Real-World Study of Opicapone in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Motor Fluctuations () -  Oct 21, 2021 - Abstract #ANA2021ANA_296;    
    P
    Results from the OPTI-ON study are expected to provide real-world information about the patterns of use and outcomes with adjunctive opicapone for treatment of PD in clinical practices throughout the US. These results will expand upon findings from the phase 3 clinical trials, which established the efficacy and safety of once-daily opicapone in patients with PD and OFF-episodes.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Comparison of effectiveness of trihexyphenidyl and levodopa on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 20, 2021   
    After a forty-eight-hour interval, UPDRS-III was assessed one hour after Levodopa/carbidopa (200/50 mg) in an overnight OFF state...With THP, the maximum degree of improvement was in the tremor sub-score and not significantly different to that obtained by LD. Those with better tremor response on THP had milder tremor severity.
  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    [VIRTUAL] NIVOLUMAB-INDUCED ATYPICAL PRES PRESENTING AS STATUS EPILEPTICUS () -  Oct 13, 2021 - Abstract #CHEST2021CHEST_439;    
    He was started on carbidopa-levodopa to help aide wakefulness. Patients on immunotherapy sustaining neurologic alterations, especially if requiring ICU level care should be considered for PRES as immunotherapy will need to be stopped if present.
  • ||||||||||  Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Substance Abuse Pre-Treatment Screening Study (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Oct 13, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=7500, Recruiting, 
    Patients on immunotherapy sustaining neurologic alterations, especially if requiring ICU level care should be considered for PRES as immunotherapy will need to be stopped if present. Trial completion date: Jun 2021 --> Jun 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2021 --> Jun 2023
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Coadministration With Carbidopa Enhances the Antimyopic Effects of Levodopa in Chickens. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 7, 2021   
    The presence of carbidopa increases the bioavailability of levodopa within the eye, enhancing its antimyopic effects, with topical application showing the greatest efficacy. Thus levodopa:carbidopa may be a promising treatment for controlling the progression of human myopia.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, HEOR, Real-world evidence:  Real-world assessment of "OFF" episode-related healthcare resource utilization among patients with Parkinson's disease in the United States. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 1, 2021   
    Within 5 years of initiating carbidopa/levodopa, ∼50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience "OFF" episodes; little is known about the cost burden...Patients with PD and "OFF" episodes had higher HCRU and costs than those without "OFF," suggesting that "OFF" episodes contribute to the economic burden of PD. Further research is warranted to examine the extent that current PD treatments and treatment patterns impact HCRU and costs.