carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: response to levodopa infusion in two cases. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 22, 2022   
    We should suspect an SCA-ATXN3 etiology in patients with syndromes resembling an early-onset Parkinson disease with an autosomal dominant pattern. These patients could benefit from anti-Parkinsonian treatments, including levodopa intestinal gel infusion pump.
  • ||||||||||  foscarbidopa/foslevodopa (ABBV-951) / AbbVie
    Sleep and Efficacy Endpoint Correlations After 6 Months of Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's Disease (B9) -  Apr 9, 2022 - Abstract #EAN2022EAN_791;    
    P3
    The results displayed Entacapone-loaded NLCs have promising potential for oral delivery and enhanced therapeutic effect which otherwise was a major issue. Improvements in sleep with 24 hour/daily foslevodopa/foscarbidopa in patients with PD significantly correlate with improvements in "Off" time, "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia, m-EDL, and QoL.
  • ||||||||||  foscarbidopa/foslevodopa (ABBV-951) / AbbVie
    Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Results From a 12-Month Phase 3 Study (A2) -  Apr 9, 2022 - Abstract #EAN2022EAN_737;    
    P3
    Improvements in sleep with 24 hour/daily foslevodopa/foscarbidopa in patients with PD significantly correlate with improvements in "Off" time, "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia, m-EDL, and QoL. In this open-label trial, individualized, 24h/day, CSCI of LDP/CDP was generally safe, improved motor complications and morning akinesia, providing a potential efficacious and minimally invasive therapeutic alternative for aPD.
  • ||||||||||  Kuvan (sapropterin) / Merck (MSD), BioMarin, Daiichi Sankyo
    Journal:  Disorders of Tetrahydrobiopterin Metabolism: Experience from South India. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Screening for disorders of biopterin metabolism in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia prevents delayed diagnosis. This study expands the genotype-phenotype spectrum of patients with disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism from South India.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  One-Carbon Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Brain Tissue. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 15, 2022   
    Levodopa-carbidopa is known to reduce available vitamin B6, which would explain the hindered CBS activity...We hypothesize that this levodopa-induced effect is a direct cause of dementia in PD in susceptible subjects with reduced re-methylation capacity. Furthermore, we show that betaine best correlates with cognitive score even among PD subjects alone and discuss nutritional recommendations to improve one-carbon metabolism function.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS OF LEVODOPA AND CARBIDOPA FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSION () -  Mar 9, 2022 - Abstract #ADPD2022ADPD_1725;    
    Furthermore, we show that betaine best correlates with cognitive score even among PD subjects alone and discuss nutritional recommendations to improve one-carbon metabolism function. Model diagnostics for the carbidopa and levodopa population PK models indicated a satisfactory predictive performance, supporting their usability to derive individual predictions of exposure to be used in future pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses.
  • ||||||||||  Horizant (gabapentin enacarbil XR) / Arbor Pharma, Astellas, GSK
    Initiation of Pharmacotherapies for Newly Diagnosed Early-Onset Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome from 2012-2019 (In-person & Virtual) -  Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_1779;    
    In this nationally representative sample of privately insured adults, pharmacotherapies initiated for newly diagnosed early-onset idiopathic RLS were predominantly FDA-approved dopamine agonists followed by off-label gabapentin. Limited use of FDA-approved gabapentinoids, pregabalin and gabapentin enacarbil, warrants further investigation of long-term RLS treatment utilization.
  • ||||||||||  Comtan (entacapone) / Novartis, Orion Corp
    Respiratory Comorbidities in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease (Poster Hall) -  Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_3816;    
    The analysis cohort included patients with continuous medical and pharmacy benefits from 2016 to 2018 with ≥1 diagnosis of PD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10], Clinical Modification code G20) with record types of management, surgery, facility, or pharmacy, and ≥1 pharmacy claim for carbidopa/levodopa ± entacapone... In this analysis of patients with PD, chronic and acute respiratory comorbidities were common, included a broad array of conditions, and when combined, were severe in over 30% of patients.
  • ||||||||||  Comtan (entacapone) / Novartis, Orion Corp
    Prescribing Patterns for Patients With Parkinson’s Disease in Long-Term Care Facilities (Poster Hall) -  Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_3801;    
    The use of PD-related drugs in the LTC setting was modest. Although some evidence of dose or formulation changes and initiation of “ON-extenders” suggests efforts towards optimizing the treatment regimens of LTC residents with PD, the near-zero use of “on-demand” treatment suggests that this approach to managing PD may be underutilized.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    VCP Mutations and Parkinsonism: An Emerging Link (Poster Hall) -  Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_3790;    
    Our cases highlight phenotypic heterogeneity of VCP-associated parkinsonism when compared to prior reports. The existing literature suggests that VCP-parkinsonism has robust levodopa responsiveness,3 however, our patient with the R191G mutation was not levodopa-responsive.
  • ||||||||||  Comtan (entacapone) / Novartis, Orion Corp, Ongentys (opicapone) / Ono Pharma, Neurocrine, BIAL
    Patients' Preferences for Adjunctive Parkinson's Disease Treatments: A Discrete-Choice Experiment (Poster Hall) -  Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_2718;    
    Patients with PD expressed interest in adjunctive treatment and were willing to accept reduced ON-time to avoid treatment-related side effects. Physicians should work to accommodate patient preferences in selecting adjunctive treatment.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg., carbidopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Scalable Asymmetric Syntheses of Foslevodopa and Foscarbidopa Drug Substances for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 22, 2022   
    The synthesis of FLD (3) employs a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination reaction followed by enantioselective hydrogenation of the double bond as key steps to introduce the α-amino acid moiety with the desired stereochemistry. The synthesis of FCD (4) features a Mizoroki-Heck reaction followed by enantioselective hydrazination to install the quaternary chiral center bearing a hydrazine moiety.
  • ||||||||||  Ongentys (opicapone) / Ono Pharma, Neurocrine, BIAL
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Opicapone for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease "Off" Episodes: Pharmacology and Clinical Considerations. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 17, 2022   
    By inhibiting COMT, opicapone slows levodopa metabolism and increases its availability. Several clinical studies demonstrated significant improvement in treatment efficacy and reduction in the duration of "off" episodes The main side effect demonstrated was dyskinesia, mostly with the 100 mg dose, which is higher than the approved, effective dose of 50 mg.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Trial suspension, Trial primary completion date:  L-DOPA vs. Placebo for Depression and Psychomotor Slowing in Older Adults (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Feb 10, 2022   
    P4,  N=90, Suspended, 
    Several clinical studies demonstrated significant improvement in treatment efficacy and reduction in the duration of "off" episodes The main side effect demonstrated was dyskinesia, mostly with the 100 mg dose, which is higher than the approved, effective dose of 50 mg. Recruiting --> Suspended | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2021 --> Dec 2022
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Secondary biogenic amine deficiencies: genetic etiology, therapeutic interventions, and clinical effects. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    A trial of treatment with levodopa/carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan was initiated...This study demonstrates the utility of genome-wide sequencing in further understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of neurometabolic conditions, and the potential of secondary neurotransmitter deficiencies to serve as novel therapeutic targets. As there was a largely favorable response to therapy in our case series, a careful trial of neurotransmitter replacement therapy should be considered in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamines below reference range.
  • ||||||||||  Kynmobi (apomorphine sublingual film) / Sumitomo Dainippon, Aquestive, BIAL
    Clinical, Journal:  Open-label titration of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson's disease and "OFF" episodes. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 3, 2022   
    Among eligible patients with PD and "OFF" episodes who had their APL dose successfully titrated to an effective and tolerable level, most were able to do so within the first 3 titrated doses but some required further dose escalations. The use of APL can provide benefit for the treatment of "OFF" episodes.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Artificial intelligence applications and robotic systems in Parkinson's disease (Review). (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 26, 2022   
    The authors identified significant evidence demonstrating that current AI-based technologies are feasible for automatic management of patients with advanced stages of PD. Improving the quality of care and reducing the cost for patients and healthcare systems are the most important advantages.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg., ropinirole IR / Generic mfg., pramipexole IR / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Parkinson's Disease Medication Alters Small Intestinal Motility and Microbiota Composition in Healthy Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 26, 2022   
    Overall, this study shows that PD medication is an important factor in determining gastrointestinal motility and, in turn, microbiota composition and may, partly, explain the differential abundant taxa previously reported in the cross-sectional PD microbiota human studies. The results urge future studies to take into account the influence of PD medication on gut motility and microbiota composition when seeking to identify microbiota-related biomarkers for PD.
  • ||||||||||  Triolex (NE3107) / BioVie
    Enrollment open, Trial initiation date:  NE3107 Activity and Safety in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Using Levodopa (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 25, 2022   
    P1/2,  N=40, Recruiting, 
    The results urge future studies to take into account the influence of PD medication on gut motility and microbiota composition when seeking to identify microbiota-related biomarkers for PD. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Nov 2021 --> Jan 2021
  • ||||||||||  amantadine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Impact of a Collaborative Pharmaceutical Care Service for Patients With Parkinson's Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 21, 2022   
    The CPCS was effective in resolving drug-related problems and in improving patients' medication regimens, medication adherence, and QoL through patient education and dosage adjustments. This is the first step in the development and feasibility testing of pharmacy services for PD patients in China.
  • ||||||||||  carbidopa/levodopa / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effect of levodopa/carbidopa on stress response in zebrafish. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 19, 2022   
    Changes in cortisol levels suggest that DA was related to the balance of the stress response and that NE decreased this response. These effects were specific to stress since levodopa/carbidopa did not induce changes in cortisol in non-stressed fish.