- |||||||||| lamivudine/stavudine / Hetero, Macleods, Cipla, Strides Pharma Science
Clinical, Journal: Quality of selected anti-retroviral medicines: Tanzania Mainland market as a case study. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2022
The quality of majority of ARVs circulating on the Tanzania Mainland market was good, even so, significant deficiencies on labelling and packaging were observed. These results call for continuous monitoring of quality of medicines circulating on the Tanzania Mainland market.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Altered Lipid Profiles and Vaccine Induced-Humoral Responses in Children Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2022
Also, HIV+ children had a 2.8-fold reduction of anti-measles IgG titers and 17.1-fold reduction of anti-pertussis toxin IgG levels when compared to HIV- children. Our findings suggest that dyslipidemia and inadequate vaccine-induced antibody responses observed in this population of young African HIV+ children might increase their risk for premature onset of cardiovascular illnesses and acquisition of preventable diseases.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: Consensus statement and recommendations on the treatment of COVID-19: 2021 update. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2022
The consensus recommended against the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (IB), HCQ/CQ (IA), azithromycin (IA), convalescent plasma therapy (IA), and IVIG (IA). The inception of the consensus and task group have provided much needed evidence of the efficacy and safety of various therapies for the management of COVID-19 patients, and make a description about the benefits and harms for most treatments.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal: Evaluation of the therapeutic regimen in COVID-19 in transplant patients: where do immunomodulatory and antivirals stand? (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2022
No significant difference was observed between various therapeutic regimens in clinical complications such as bacterial coinfections, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and liver or kidney dysfunctions. The administration of Remdesivir as an anti-viral and Tocilizumab as an immunomodulatory drug in solid-organ transplant recipients could be promising treatments of choice to manage COVID-19.
- |||||||||| Zyesami inhalation (aviptadil) / Relief Therap, United Therapeutics Corp, Seren Clinical, NeuroRx, Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Anticipated pharmacological role of Aviptadil on COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2022
However, such drugs like Aviptadil in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Observational data, Retrospective data, Journal: QT Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2022
The prevalence of clinically significant QTc prolongation in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was high and independent of drugs used. Larger prospective observational studies are warranted to elucidate independent risk factors associated with clinically significant QTc prolongation in this study population.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: COVID-19 and aortoenteric fistula. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 26, 2022
These drugs may have been involved with unsuspected side effects. We describe a case of a Primary Aortoenteric Fistula (PAEF) in a patient with a recent history of severe COVID-19, and we hypothesize whether this rare condition may have been triggered by the virus or by the drugs used against it.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., favipiravir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Evaluation of Hepatic Biochemical Parameters during Antiviral Treatment in COVID-19 Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 26, 2022
(3) In the group of studied patients, the mean value of aspartat aminotrensferase did not increase above normal at discharge, alanin aminotransferase increased, but below twice the normal values, and cholestasis registered a statistically insignificant slight increase. (4) In our study, we found that all three antivirals were generally well tolerated and their use did not alter liver function in a significant manner.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: COVID-19 and the liver: A brief and core review. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 26, 2022
Treatment drugs, particularly lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir and antibiotics are a frequent reason for liver injury. The possible reasons should be meticulously investigated and resolved.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the aquatic environment associated with disinfection byproducts and pharmaceuticals. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 21, 2022
The initial ecological risk assessment indicated moderate risks associated with these pharmaceuticals in surface water. As the global situation is still rapidly evolving with a continuous surge in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, our results suggest a pressing need for monitoring COVID-19 related pharmaceuticals as well as a systematic evaluation of their ecotoxicities in the aquatic environment.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ribavirin / Generic mfg.
Clinical data, Retrospective data, Journal: Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 21, 2022
As the global situation is still rapidly evolving with a continuous surge in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, our results suggest a pressing need for monitoring COVID-19 related pharmaceuticals as well as a systematic evaluation of their ecotoxicities in the aquatic environment. Patients with GI symptoms are more likely to have severe disease at presentation; however, mortality and disease progression is not different between the two groups.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Presentation and Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease patients with COVID-19 (Poster Area (Virtual)) - Jan 21, 2022 - Abstract #ISNWCN2022ISN_WCN_1473;
Most patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (n=36), hydroxychloroquine (n=23) or corticosteroids (n=23) and only 2 with remdesivir. In our CKD patients’ cohort, older age, higher ferritin and higher LDH levels were independent risk factors for mortality.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: An Updated Review on COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
The recently developed serology testing for SARSCoV-2 antibodies opened the door to evaluate the actual burden of the disease and to determine the rate of the population who have been previously infected (or developed immunity). This review article summarizes current data on the COVID-19 pandemic starting from the early outbreak, viral structure and origin, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, and future research.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Pharmacological strategies for COVID-19 - A review of the most promising repurposed antiviral drugs. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Several drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Umifenovir, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, interferon, Darunavir, Favipiravir, Nitazoxanide etc. are currently undergoing clinical studies to test the safety and efficacy of the drug against this pandemic. The present review gives a snapshot look of the current clinical experience with repurposed antiviral drugs.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Comparing Outcomes of Two Antiviral Therapy Combinations among COVID-19 Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
There is no significant difference between protease inhibitor drugs including ATV/r and LPV/r in the treatment of COVID-19 regarding clinical outcomes. However, some side effects such as hyperbilirubinemia and arrhythmia were significantly different by application of atazanavir or lopinavir.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Review, Journal: COVID-19: morphology and mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2, global outbreak, medication, vaccines and future of the virus. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
World Health Organization guidelines on preventive measures and use of soaps, alcohol-based hand-rubs and wearing face masks have also been described. The vaccines that are in one of the phases of human trials, namely Oxford University's vaccine, the United States-based Moderna's vaccine, India's Covaxin and the Russian vaccine, have also been incorporated in the review article.
- |||||||||| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Lopinavir and tenofovir interaction observed in non-pregnant adults altered during pregnancy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Our findings suggest that pregnancy confounds the expected decrease in tenofovir exposure with concomitant lopinavir/ritonavir in non-pregnant adults. These findings illustrate the need for drug-drug interaction studies in pregnant women as drug disposition differs significantly in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant adults.
- |||||||||| colchicine / Generic mfg., azithromycin / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: COVID-19 in women with rheumatic disease who are pregnant: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 8, 2022
Women with rheumatic diseases who were pregnant at the time of COVID-19 had favourable outcomes. These data have limitations due to the small size and methodology, though they provide cautious optimism for pregnancy outcomes for women with rheumatic disease given the increased risk of poor outcomes that have been reported in other series of pregnant women with COVID-19.
- |||||||||| Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) / Gilead
Clinical, Journal: Small-molecule antiviral agents in ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 6, 2022
These include viral polymerase and protease inhibitors remdesivir, galidesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, sofosbuvir, tenofovir/emtricitabine, baloxavir marboxil, EIDD-2801, lopinavir/ritonavir; virus-/host-directed viral entry and fusion inhibitors arbidol chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, chlorpromazine, camostat mesylate, nafamostat mesylate, bromhexine and agents with diverse/unclear mechanism of actions as oseltamivir, triazavirin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, niclosamide and BLD-2660. The published preclinical and clinical data to date on these drugs as well as the mechanisms of action are reviewed.
- |||||||||| Journal: Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: An update. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 4, 2022
The main drug groups include inhibitors of viral entry into the human cell (convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, mini proteins, human soluble ACE-2, camostat, dutasteride, proxalutamide, bromhexin, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir nitazoxanid, niclosamide, lactoferrin), inhibitors of viral proteases (lopinavir/ritonavir, PF-07321332, PF-07304814, GC376), inhibitors of viral RNA (remdesivir, favipiravir, molnupiravir, AT-527, merimepodib, PTC299), inhibitors of host proteins supporting virus (plitidepsin, fluvoxamine, ivermectin), and agents supporting host natural immunity...Additional studies are needed to define the role of remdesivir, favipiravir, interferons, ivermectin, dutasteride, proxulutamide, fluvoxamine, bromhexine, nitazoxanide and niclosamid in the treatment of COVID-19. Finally, the results of phase trials are waited to learn whether or not the newer agents such as molnupiravir, PF-07321332, PF-07304814, plitidepsin and AT-527 are effective in the treatment of COVID-19.
- |||||||||| azithromycin / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: The effect of opium on severity of COVID-19 infection:An original study from Iran. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 28, 2021
Opium addict patients with COVID infection may be more febrile and experience more disease-specific symptoms and more severe disease course. These patients may show more evidence of laboratory inflammation and probable superinfections, so may manage with more caution and somehow different therapeutic regimen.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 and discharge status: A systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 24, 2021
Our study shows that there is always a higher rate of discharge and low risk of prolonged hospital stay in those patients who receive plasma therapy. CP therapy being a low cost and easy to administer therapy with very less adverse events, requires more focus on further research as it has a potential to become an ideal effective treatment option for COVID-19.
- |||||||||| hydrocortisone / Generic mfg., fluticasone / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Drug interactions in HIV-infected children undergoing treatment with antiretrovirals. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 23, 2021
CP therapy being a low cost and easy to administer therapy with very less adverse events, requires more focus on further research as it has a potential to become an ideal effective treatment option for COVID-19. Knowledge of this and other drug interactions between ART and drugs commonly used in pediatrics is essential for the comprehensive management of patients with HIV infection, especially in the prevention of unwanted adverse effects.
- |||||||||| Phase classification, Enrollment change, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: REMAP-CAP: Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 21, 2021
P3, N=10000, Recruiting,
Therefore, patients with TB should be screened regularly in the COVID-19 era to prevent the spread of the TB/COVID-19 coinfection. Phase classification: P4 --> P3 | N=7100 --> 10000 | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Dec 2023
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: The impact of therapeutics on mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analyses informing the European Respiratory Society living guideline. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 17, 2021
Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool studies and provide effect estimates for the impact of treatments on mortality.Corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, anti-interleukin (IL)-6 monoclonal antibodies, colchicine, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β have been reviewed.Our results found further evidence in support of the use of corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone, and anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody therapy. These data support the need to identify additional therapies with beneficial effects on mortality.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
The PK and PD of the model drugs need to be integrated to predict their limitations. Current antiviral drugs have varying pharmacological constraints that may associate with limited efficacy, especially in severe COVID-19 patients, or safety concerns.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Journal: Potential Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Synthesis, Brief History and Application. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
Scientists around the world are investigating few previously used clinical drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. This review provides synthesis and mode of action of recently investigated drugs like Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin, Selamectin, Remdesivir, Baricitinib, Darunavir, Favipiravir, Lopinavir/ritonavir and Mefloquine hydrochloride that constitute an option for COVID-19 treatment.
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