- |||||||||| Futhan (nafamostat) - Otsuka, U Tokyo, Japan Tobacco, Merck (MSD), Nichi / Iko, Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard, Tamiflu (oseltamivir) / Gilead, Roche
Clinical, Review, Journal: Major ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment and studies currently being conducted or scheduled in Japan. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 19, 2020
The drugs utilized in more than one trials were remdesivir (6 trials), lopinavir/ritonavir (6 trials), hydroxychloroquine (6 trials), interferon (5 trials), methylprednisolone (3 trials), nitric oxide gas (3 trials), oseltamivir (2 trials), arbidol (2 trials), and vitamin C (2 trials). We also described the Japanese trials which are now being conducted or scheduled, utilizing lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, ciclesonide and nafamostat.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: COVID-19 can suddenly become severe: a case series from Tokyo, Japan. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 19, 2020
Relative bradycardia may be useful in distinguishing between COVID-19 and bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. In patients who have had a fever for > 7 days, the condition might worsen suddenly.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: A Case of "Relapsing" COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Recipient. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 18, 2020
She had satisfactory virological and clinical response after a prolonged disease course. This case illustrates the risk of relapse or persisting shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients, the important role of viral load monitoring in management, the challenges in balancing the risks of COVID-19 progression and transplant rejection, and the pharmacokinetic interaction between immunosuppressive and antiviral medications.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Pharmacogenomics landscape of COVID-19 therapy response in Serbian population and comparison with worldwide populations. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 17, 2020
Our results confirmed that pharmacogenomics profile of African population is different from the rest of the world. Considering population specific pharmacogenomics landscape, preemptive testing for pharmacogenes relevant for drugs used in COVID-19 treatment could contribute to better understanding of the inconsistency in therapy response and could be applied to improve the outcome of the COVID-19 patients.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: Abnormal liver function tests predict transfer to intensive care unit and death in COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2020
This process requires up-to-date drug information to ensure optimum use, particularly safety and efficacy profiles of the medications, until convincing evidence is reported. LFTs abnormality is common at admission in patients with COVID-19, is associated with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction and is an independent predictor of transfer to ICU or death.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2020
Using the basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drugs as well as using computational tools, many drugs are currently in pipeline to be repurposed. In the current scenario, repositioning of the drugs could be considered the new avenue for the treatment of COVID-19.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Treatments in Covid-19 patients with pre-existing metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A potential threat for drug-induced liver injury? (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2020
We also present the main mechanisms whereby drugs can be more hepatotoxic in MAFLD including impaired activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered lipid homeostasis and oxidative stress. Although comprehensive investigations are needed to confirm our hypothesis, we believe that the current epidemic of obesity and related metabolic diseases has extensively contributed to increase the number of cases of DILI in COVID-19 patients, which may have participated in presentation severity and death.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: A Review of the Preclinical and Clinical Efficacy of Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Lopinavir-Ritonavir Treatments against COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2020
In this report, we consolidate and review the available clinically and preclinically relevant results emanating from in vitro animal models and clinical studies of drugs approved for emergency use as a treatment for COVID-19, including remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir-ritonavir combinations. These compounds have been frequently touted as top candidates to treat COVID-19, but recent clinical reports suggest mixed outcomes on their efficacies within the current clinical protocol frameworks.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: Psychiatric Disorders and Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A VigiBase Study. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 15, 2020
This pharmacovigilance analysis suggests that COVID-19 patients exposed to hydroxychloroquine experienced serious psychiatric disorders, and, among these patients, some committed suicide. Further real-world studies are needed to quantify the psychiatric risk associated with hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Systematic review on current antiviral therapy in COVID-19 pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 15, 2020
Given the high risk of cardiotoxicity and the scant and conflicting data concerning their efficacy in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19 with polypharmacy needs to be carefully considered. In the present pandemic and any future epidemics, all the related authorities should pursue many more RCTs, cohort and case series for a prospective outcome in the management and treatment guidelines.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Analysis of the efficacy of HIV protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2's main protease. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 15, 2020
Targeting of SARS-CoV-2 M by some of the HIV PIs might be of limited clinical potential, given the high concentration of the drugs required to achieve significant inhibition. Therefore, given their weak inhibition of the viral protease, any potential beneficial effect of the PIs in COVID-19 context might perhaps be attributed to acting on other molecular target(s), rather than SARS-CoV-2 M.
- |||||||||| Viracept (nelfinavir) / ViiV Healthcare, Roche
Journal: Targeting the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: computational insights into the mechanism of action of the protease inhibitors lopinavir, ritonavir and nelfinavir. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 15, 2020
Starting from this essential structural information, in the present work we have exploited supervised molecular dynamics, an emerging computational technique that allows investigating at an atomic level the recognition process of a ligand from its unbound to the final bound state. In this research, we provided molecular insight on the whole recognition pathway of Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Nelfinavir, three potential C30 Endopeptidase inhibitors, with the last one taken into consideration due to the promising in-vitro activity shown against the structurally related SARS-CoV protease.
- |||||||||| Eurartesim (dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine) / Medicines for Malaria Venture, Leadiant Biosci
Enrollment open: DPART: Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in the Context of Antiretroviral Therapy (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 13, 2020
P4, N=190, Recruiting,
The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2). Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: A Multicenter Questionnaire-based Study to Know the Awareness and Medical Treatment Plan of Physicians Involved in the Management of COVID-19 Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 8, 2020
Regarding the plan for use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 55% of the total respondents intended to use the drug in combination with azithromycin, even as 62% agreed that there was no clear evidence yet...About 68% of clinicians were aware of the various therapeutic options being tested, like convalescent plasma, lopinavir-ritonavir, and 64% knew about remdesivir...Maddani SS, Chaudhuri S, Deepa HC, Amara V. A Multicenter Questionnaire-based Study to Know the Awareness and Medical Treatment Plan of Physicians Involved in the Management of COVID-19 Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(10):919-925.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
Journal: The "sex gap" in COVID-19 trials: a scoping review. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 8, 2020
Considering sex differences in case-fatality rates and genetic, immunological, and hormonal mechanisms, studies should include sex-specific analyses in their design to optimise COVID-19 care. None.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Review of adverse cutaneous reactions of pharmacologic interventions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a guide for the dermatologist. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2020
The skin reactions of antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin +/- interferon, oseltamivir, remdesivir, favipiravir and darunavir) and treatments for complications (imatinib, tocilizumab, anakinra, immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, colchicine and low molecular weight heparins) are analyzed. Information regarding possible skin reactions, their frequency, management and key points for differential diagnosis are presented.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: An Approach for Treatment in the Pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2020
Although current results are promising, limitations to drug repurposing, such as a low success rate and the possibility of adverse events, can't be overlooked. With continuous research and technical advancements, repurposing will no doubt provide a notable scientific contribution to innovation in drug development and pharmacotherapy practice for the treatment of new diseases or existing diseases in a new way.
- |||||||||| dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: A brief review of the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus disease. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 1, 2020
Chloroquine analogs, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin have been shown to be useful for the treatment...The reports of patients with encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis show slow recovery. But a stroke has a high mortality.
- |||||||||| Humira (adalimumab) / Eisai, AbbVie
Journal: COVID-19 pandemic and biological therapy in rheumatologic disorders: how to deal with? (Pubmed Central) - Nov 28, 2020
The use of biologic agents and DMARDs in rheumatic patients is a serious challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the key roles of cytokines in the promotion of the disease, the rheumatic patients may benefit from continuing their previous treatment, which may have protective effects.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Cutaneous Sıde-Effects of the Potentıal Covıd-19 Drugs. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 26, 2020
A variety of repurposed drugs and investigational drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, lopinavir, inteferon-beta and the other potential drugs have been studied for COVID19 treatment. We reviewed the potential dermatological side-effects of these drugs.
- |||||||||| clarithromycin / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg., enoxaparin sodium / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH ALL: A LITERATURE REVIEW () - Nov 26, 2020 - Abstract #HEMO2020HEMO_907;
In another study, a patient aged 1 year and 8 months, after the diagnosis of covid, received azithromycin and oral hydroxychloroquine, presented hypoxemia and adopted high-flow oxygen therapy...Two of them were treated with enoxaparin, the third did not receive it due to severe thrombocytopenia, all received antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin and had a good evolution in hospitalization...The patient received lopinavir / ritonavir, had a fever from 38̊ to 40̊, even after antibiotic therapy, and developed severe shortness of breath...It is concluded, then, that the prognosis of patients with ALL infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains uncertain, especially given the scarcity of scientific production in this regard. Thus, further studies that demonstrate the course of the infection and its implications for these patients are necessary for the development of specific clinical guidelines.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] COVID-19 AND ITS PRO-THROMBOTIC EFFECT: USE OF THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS IN TREATMENT () - Nov 26, 2020 - Abstract #HEMO2020HEMO_881;
The development of the current study allowed to analyze the thrombotic effect caused by COVID-19 and its complications, as well as the benefits of thromboprophylactic drugs such as heparin and clopidogrel. It became evident the need for more research on the topic, as well as establishing new prophylaxis and treatment protocols to reduce complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
- |||||||||| PK/PD data, Journal: Pharmacokinetics under the COVID-19 Storm. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2020
We demonstrate that systematically collated data on the ADME, human PK parameters, DDIs, and organ impairment can be used to verify simulated plasma and lung tissue exposure for drugs repurposed for COVID-19, justifying broader patient recruitment criteria. In addition, the PBPK model developed was used to study the effect of age and ethnicity on the PK of repurposed drugs, and to assess the correlation between lung exposure and relevant potency values from in vitro studies for SARS-CoV-2.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2020
His respiratory function deteriorated despite treatments with lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, azithromycin and meropenem at a regional hospital...Interferon beta-1b subcutaneous injection was initiated immediately to enhance anti-viral therapy, and favipiravir on ICU day 10 upon availability...VV-ECMO was initiated after sudden exacerbation of respiratory dysfunction on ICU day 7 to maintain oxygenation. The sustained excessive inflammatory cytokines in the present case might have led to the exacerbation of the disease, requiring vigorous organ support therapies to allow for survival and recovery from the rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunctions and severe respiratory failure.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Interferon β-1b in treatment of severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2020
Furthermore, admission in ICU and need for invasive mechanical ventilation decreased following administration of IFN β-1b. Although 28-day mortality was lower in the IFN group, further randomized clinical trials with large sample size are needed for exact estimation of survival benefit of IFN β-1b.
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