- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Preclinical, Journal: SAveRUNNER: A network-based algorithm for drug repurposing and its application to COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 26, 2021
These top-ranked drugs include ACE-inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-IFNγ, anti-TNFα, anti-IL12, anti-IL1β, anti-IL6), and thrombin inhibitors. Finally, our findings were in-silico validated by performing a gene set enrichment analysis, which confirmed that most of the network-predicted repurposable drugs may have a potential treatment effect against human coronavirus infections.
- |||||||||| Journal: Risk assessment of drug-induced Long QT Syndrome for some COVID-19 repurposed drugs. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 23, 2021
There was excellent agreement among the various indices used to assess risk of drug-induced LQTS for the 6 repurposed medications and 23 torsadogenic compounds. Based on our results, monitoring of the QT interval shall be performed when some COVID-19 repurposed drugs are used, as such monitoring is possible for hospitalized patients or with the use of biodevices for outpatients.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
Review, Journal: Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 23, 2021
In this article the reuse of antiviral, US-FDA approved drugs, plant based therapeutic, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-HIV drugs and the traditional medicines that are being currently used in treating the symptoms of COVID-19 patients is discussed emphasis is also given on the treatment using monoclonal antibodies. The present article provides the therapeutic strategies that will qualify as one of the best available treatment for the better management of the COVID-19 patients in order to achieve medical benefits.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Virus, bats and drugs. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 20, 2021
Current massive antiviral use activity will increase environmental concentrations of these pharmaceuticals, for whose potential eco-toxicological consequences are scarce. We need to study the complex interrelation between people, bats, drugs, viruses, and their shared environment.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Medical progress: Stem cells as a new therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 20, 2021
The presented review provides not only new knowledge in the field of molecular mechanisms of pro-regenerative action of stem cells, but also have the potential to open up new prospects of action to improve lung tissue regeneration in COVID-19 patients. In addition, in review mentioned about clinical trials using MSCs with a complete status, as well as the latest discoveries in molecular biology, a platform model of pluripotent stem cells in the SARS-CoV-2 study on 3D animal models and nanoconjugates based on stem cells.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes mellitus: A North Eastern Romanian experience. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 20, 2021
Chest CTs revealed indicative SARS-CoV-2 images for all patients and their treatment included individually tailored administration of hydroxychloroquine/lopinavir + ritonavir/enoxaparin sodium/tocilizumab/antibiotherapy according to the then national and international guidelines...Although advanced age and DM have been associated with aggravated forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, over 80% of the patients included in the present study were cured. Nonetheless, diabetes appears to be a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ergotism with acute limb ischemia, provoked by HIV protease inhibitors interaction with ergotamine, rescued by multisite transluminal balloon angioplasty. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 18, 2021
A 33-year-old woman, who used to take dihydroergotamine for orthostatic hypotension, was prescribed a post-exposure HIV prophylaxis including lopinavir and ritonavir...A first-line therapy with isosorbide dinitrate and amlodipine was ineffective, with rapid clinical worsening...All along the lower limb arterial tree, transluminal balloon angioplasty restored the blood flow, without vasospasm recurrence. In case of ergotism with acute lower limbs ischemia, combining medical vasodilator therapy with interventional procedure can restore the arterial blood flow, thus allowing to save lower limbs.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] REMDESIVIR CAUSING PROFOUND BRADYCARDIA (eAbstract site) - Feb 17, 2021 - Abstract #ACC2021ACC_6250;
Careful use of remdesivir is recommended in patients with underlying cardiac disorder as it can cause sinus bradycardia and long sinus pauses. Telemetry monitoring in all patients receiving remdesivir for early detection of such arrhythmia is advisable.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Journal: Physiologically Based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for optimal dosage prediction of quinine co-administered with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 17, 2021
The verified PBPK models successfully predicted unbound quinine disposition when co-administered with lopinavir/ritonavir in co-infected patients with different conditions. Suitable dose adjustments to counteract with the DDIs have identified in patients with various situations, i.e., a 7-day course at 1800 mg TID in malaria patients with HIV infection, 648 mg BID in chronic renal failure, 648 mg TID in hepatic insufficiency except for severe hepatic insufficiency (324 mg BID), and 648 mg TID in CYP3A4 polymorphism.
- |||||||||| dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Intenational breakthroughs in critical care medicine 2020 (Pubmed Central) - Feb 17, 2021
The main progress in international critical care medicine in 2020 are: the reflections on the mandatory of implementation of the 1-hour cluster treatment strategy for sepsis are still continuing; the "metabolic resuscitation" therapy, represented by large dose of vitamin C, failed to yield positive results; the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread, with evidences indicating Dexamethasone, Remdesivir or interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b), Lopinavir/Ritonavir and ribavirin as promising therapy; conservative oxygen therapy did not exert positive effects neither for mechanical ventilated patients nor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient; the concept of lung- and diaphragm-protective mechanical ventilation illuminates a new opportunity to potentially improve clinical outcomes for critically ill patients; there was no positive evidence for stress ulcer prophylaxis and timing of endoscopy for severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; early initiation of renal-replacement therapy (RRT) for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) has not shown positive effect. At last, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown good potential in identifying ARDS phenotypes and early predicting sepsis.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: Pregnancy and COVID-19: Pharmacologic Considerations. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 13, 2021
Finally, we discuss emerging evidence supporting the reduction in mortality in patients with COVID-19 with the use of corticosteroids, while tabulating up-to-date information on the safety of various investigational therapies for COVID-19. It is hoped that this comprehensive review while providing guidance to clinicians caring for pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic will also encourage researchers to consider their inclusion in clinical trials of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Biomarker, Review, Journal: Pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 therapies. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 13, 2021
In conclusion, although direct evidence in COVID-19 patients is lacking, we identified potential actionable genetic markers in COVID-19 therapies. Clinical studies in COVID-19 patients are deemed warranted to assess potential roles of these markers.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., azithromycin / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Clinical guidance for navigating the QTc-prolonging and arrhythmogenic potential of pharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2021
Currently, there is no robust clinical evidence for the use of these drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, with most, if not all of these medications associated with the potential for QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, and resultant drug-induced sudden cardiac death. The aim of this document is to help healthcare providers mitigate the potential deleterious effects of drug-induced QTc prolongation.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Journal: Repurposing Drugs for the Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2021
Multicenter clinical studies are urgently needed to validate and standardize therapeutic regimens that involve these agents. Although science has not yet presented us with a specific drug against COVID-19, the repurposing of drugs appears to be promising in our fight against this devastating disease.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard, Tamiflu (oseltamivir) / Gilead, Roche
Retrospective data, Journal: A retrospective comparison of drugs against COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2021
The hydroxychloroquine group had a significantly higher IgM titer than the other four groups and exhibited significantly higher IgG levels than the arbidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, and oseltamivir groups. Our findings indicated that hydroxychloroquine might have the potential for efficient COVID-19 management, while oseltamivir should be prudently considered in combination therapy.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Journal: COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in Spain: a cohort study in Madrid. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2021
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab were used in 25.3% and 12.9% of patients, respectively...In the multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with ARDS included older age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, severe hypoxemia, lymphocytopenia, increased creatine kinase and increased C-reactive protein. In the multivariate Cox model, older age (HR 1.07 -95%CI 1.06-1.09), cardiovascular disease (HR 1.34 -95%CI 1.01-1.79), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.45 -95%CI 1.09-1.92), severe hypoxemia (HR 2.01 -95%CI 1.49-2.72), lymphocytopenia (HR 1.62 -95%CI 1.20-2.20) and increased C-reactive protein (HR 1.04 -95%CI 1.02-1.06) were risk factors for mortality.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Four Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transferred from a Cruise Ship. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2021
We used it after receiving approval from the ethics committee in our hospital. In this case report, we emphasize that some patients need to be carefully monitored, even if their respiratory condition is stable at the initial presentation, as their respiratory status may deteriorate rapidly within a few days after oxygen administration begins.
- |||||||||| Tamiflu (oseltamivir) / Gilead, Roche
Journal: Molecular Docking of Azithromycin, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Oseltamivir, Ivermectin and Heparin Interacting with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Main and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3C-Like Proteases. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2021
The ligands ivermectin, heparin and ritonavir showed stable conformations. Our in-silica docking data shows that the drugs we have identified can bind to the binding compartment of both proteases, this strongly supports our hypothesis that the development of a single antiviral agent targeting Main protease, or 3CL protease, or an agent used in combination with other potential therapies, it could provide an effective line of defense against diseases associated with coronaviruses.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Mechanistic insight into anti-COVID-19 drugs: recent trends and advancements. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 9, 2021
The antiviral drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir as inhibitors for HIV protease, nucleotide analogue remdesivir, and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are available to treat the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Therefore, this review article is planned to gain insight into the mechanism for blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2, its validation, other inhibition mechanisms, and development of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Impact of repurposed drugs on the symptomatic COVID-19 patients. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2021
Based on the available literature, this review article sought to highlight the current understanding of the origin, transmission, diagnosis, precautionary measures, infection and drug action mechanisms, therapeutic role, and toxicities of targeted drugs for the prevention and cure of COVID-19. This review may be useful for developing further strategies as a blueprint and understanding the mentioned drugs' mechanisms to elucidate the possible target of action by which to successfully freeze the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Safety and efficacy of oral lopinavir/ritonavir in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease: a nationwide comparative analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2021
This review may be useful for developing further strategies as a blueprint and understanding the mentioned drugs' mechanisms to elucidate the possible target of action by which to successfully freeze the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For children with mild COVID-19, LPR is inferior to conventional treatment in reducing virus shedding time and hospitalization duration and is associated with increased adverse reactions.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Neglecting plasma protein binding in COVID-19 patients leads to a wrong interpretation of lopinavir overexposure. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2021
In COVID-19 patients, increased total lopinavir concentration is the result of an increased AAG-bound lopinavir concentration whereas the unbound concentration remains constant, and insufficient to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Although international guidelines have recently recommended against using lopinavir/ritonavir to treat severe COVID-19, the description of lopinavir pharmacokinetics changes in COVID-19 is a textbook case of the high risk of misinterpretation of a total drug exposure when changes in protein binding are not taken into consideration.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
Journal: Unraveling the mechanism of arbidol binding and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2: Insights from atomistic simulations. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 5, 2021
Based on our MD simulation results, we propose that the binding of arbidol induces structural rigidity in the viral glycoprotein, resulting in a restriction of the conformational rearrangements associated with membrane fusion and virus entry. Furthermore, key residues of the RBD and ACE2 that interact with arbidol were identified, opening the door for developing therapeutic strategies and higher-efficacy arbidol derivatives or lead drug candidates.
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